Flexsim Tutorial

Bill KP Chan
HW 1-6
Email: [email protected]

Flexsim Concepts & Terminology

Model
Objects
- Fixed Resources
- Mobile Resources (task executors)
- Flowitems
- ports
- triggers
- task sequences

Libraries
Model Views

Models, Objects and Flowitems

Model - A collection of Flexsim objects representing
an actual system - with just enough detail to answer
the questions you are concerned with!
Object - A building block with inherited behavior, and
user-definable attributes, variables, and visual
properties.
Flowitem the entities that flow through a model
such as products, customers, paperwork, phone
calls, etc.
3

Model
Objects

Flowitems
4

Flexsim Model
A Flexsim model is a system of queues,
processes, and transportation.
Queues develop naturally in a model when
upstream arrival rates exceed the
downstream processing rates.
Processing is simply a forced time delay on
the object being processed.
Transportation is the physical movement of
an entity from one resource to another.

Object Classification
FixedResources objects which send
and/or receive flowitems
ex.

TaskExecuters mobile resources that

perform assigned tasks
ex.
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Object Classification
Flowitems - The entities that are
passed from one fixed resource to
another within a model.
Flowitems are actually Flexsim Objects.
Flowitems hold information that can be
set and queried in the model.
This information can do anything from
defining process times to making routing
decisions, and anything in between.
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Model Behavior
Most modeling behaviour is defined on
the fixed resources in a model:
how long to process the flowitem
where to send the flowitem next
call a shared resource (operator) for
processing the flowitem
call a mobile resource to transport the
flowitem to the next fixed resource
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Object Port Connections

Output/Input Ports - Output-to-Input port
connections define possible flowitem
routes to/from Fixed Resources.
Input

Output

Object Port Connections

Center Ports - for referencing purposes,
typically used to point to a TaskExecuter to be
called for the processing or transportation of a
flowitem.

Center
10

Concept of Triggers
When key events occur on an object, a
trigger is fired.
The user may specify a variety of things to
happen when a trigger fires (trigger logic).
There are triggers when a flowitem enters
or exits an object. There are triggers when
a process time finishes or a repair time is
complete.
Each type of object has a unique set of
triggers.
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Triggers
An opportunity to define
and customize system
behaviour at a specific
event occurrence.
Write/read information
to/from a flowitem.
Change visual properties
of flowitems or objects.
Send Messages to other
objects.
Change behavior of other
objects.
And much more

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Tasks and Tasksequences

task a single instruction or action to be
performed by a TaskExecuter object.
ex.
LOAD flowitem
tasksequence a series of tasks to be
performed in sequence.
ex. TRAVEL to queue
LOAD flowitem
TRAVEL to processor
UNLOAD flowitem
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Library
Library - a list of class objects to
be used in building a model.
Instance a copy of one of the
library objects - created in the
model when an object is dragged
from the library icon grid into a
model view window.

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Model Views
A view is a window into the model. You can have several
views open at the same time. Each view is a different
perspective on the same model.

> Orthographic

Perspective >
Additional Views:
Planar
Tree

15

Basic Steps of Modeling in Flexsim

1 - Create a layout using library objects
2 - Make port connections
3 - Edit the look and behavior of objects
4 - Compile and run the simulation
5 - View the results

16

Mouse Operations
View Window Navigation:
Translate: left click-drag
Tilt and Rotate: right click-drag
Zoom: left&right click-drag (or scroll wheel)

Object:
Translate in X and Y: left click-drag on object
Translate in Z: right&left click-drag on object

Highlighted = yellow box: left click

Selected = red box: shift-click or ctrl-click
select multiple objects by shift or ctrl click-dragging a
bounding box around a group of objects
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Model 1
Purpose
Introduction to the 5 basic steps of model building
using a single queue, single server system (post
office).

Description
people arrive at a post office every 60 seconds, on
average. The statistical probability distribution
which best simulates the inter-arrival pattern is an
exponential distribution with a location value of 0
and a scale value of 60.
the service time at the one and only service window
in the post office is lognormal(31, 3.1, 0.5) seconds.
if the queue for the service window exceeds 20
people, new arrivals are routed out of the model as
unhappy customers.
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Model 1 Layout

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Step 1. Create a layout

Drag objects from the Library (icon grid) and drop them into the
Orthographic Model View window using your mouse.
Reposition, resize, or rotate objects as desired using mouse.

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Flowitem Flow
Flowitems are passed from one object to the
next in zero time regardless of where in the
model layout the objects are located.
To create time delay in the flowitem flow, add
conveyors or task executers for transport.
Convey time depends on the conveyors length and
speed.
Transport time between objects depends on the
distance between the objects, plus the task
executers speed, acceleration, & deceleration.
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To scale or not to scale?

Flexsim is a unitless platform. Time & length
units are user-definable consistency is the
key!
1. Choose the time and distance unit that will be most
common in your model.

time: milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks,

months, years, etc.
distance: inches, feet, meters, kilometers, miles, etc.

2. Once you have chosen your time and distance units, make
the mental connection that EVERY measurement in your
model must be set in your chosen units.

Example: if youve chosen inches and hours, all speeds must

be set in inches/hour. All positions are in inches from the
models origin. All time definitions (process & setup times,
delayed messages, etc.) are in hours.

3. Set all distances, positions, speeds, intervals - every unit

measure in your model, using the units that youve
chosen.

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Port Connections
Objects can have an unlimited number of
ports.
A port connection is needed for each
possible routing choice in the model.
The actual port that a flowitem passes
through depends on the selected rule for
the object that is either doing the pushing
or the pulling.
(see Flow tab, Send To Port field).
23

Step 2. Make port connections

While pressing the A key, click-and-drag port connections
between the objects.
Direction is important! Drag from the sending object to the receiving
object.

These output to input port connections are needed between

the objects in your model that send and receive flowitems.

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Viewing port connections

Display of port
connections can be
toggled on/off within
the View Settings
view sidebar.
The size of the port
connectors can be
adjusted with the +/buttons.
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Keys used for Port Connections

Outputs to Inputs

Disconnect

Connect

View

Center to Center

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Step 3. Edit the objects

Properties Window
Right click then choose Properties
Used to edit and view general info on all objects

Visual shape, size, orientation, location

Name a local toggles
Port connections
Labels
Statistics

Parameters Window
Double click (or right click then choose Parameters)
Used to edit object specific behaviour
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Properties Window
Every object has the
same set of properties
tabs
Visual Tab
Look and size

General Tab
Port connections
Display switches

Labels (taught later)

User defined attributes

Statistics
Throughput, states, queuing,
and stay times
Graphs, charts, readings
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Object Size and Rotation

Objects can be repositioned,
resized, and reoriented from
the Properties window.
Additionally, objects can be
manipulated from within the
model view.
Reposition an object by leftclick dragging the object to a
new location.
Be sure Edit | Resize and
Rotate Object is checked
Left-click drag on the arrows
to resize.
Up and right are larger
Down and left are smaller

Right-click drag on the arrows

to rotate.

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Parameters Window
Each object class has its
own Parameters Window
Parameters affect the time
that flowitems stay in an
object and how they are
routed from object to object.
Apply will accept changes
OK will accept changes and
close the window
Cancel will close the window
without accepting changes
Properties button opens the
Properties Window
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Parameter tabs
Parameters are grouped into tab pages by category
Every fixed resource object will have a Flow tab
and a Triggers tab

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Understanding the Basic Pick List

The pick list

The code template (friendly editing)
The code edit (access to Flexscript/C++)

32

Understanding the Trigger Pick List

The current code/selection

Add a pick-option to the code

Clear all of the existing code
The code template (friendly editing)
The code edit (access to Flexscript/C++)
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Code Template
Blue text in the Code
Template may be
replaced with any valid
number, string or
expression.
These templates can be
customized through the
Code Edit window.
(to be taught later)

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Ex. Change Source Arrival

The statistical probability
distribution which best
simulates the inter-arrival
pattern is an
exponential
distribution with a
location value of 0 and a
scale value of 60.

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Step 4. Compile and

Run the Simulation
Compile the model (for
models with C++ only)
Reset, Run
Control run speed with the
slide control (has no effect
on the simulation results)
The Execute menu can be
used to set the Run Speed
and Stop Time

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Step 5. View the results

Create a Full, Summary or
State Report using the
Statistics menu

Other reporting features to be

discussed later:
VisualTool Object
Dynamic text
Recorder Object
Time plots, histograms, pie
charts, historical and
statistical tabular data
Object Properties Statistics Tab
Triggers writing to GlobalTables
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Summary Report
Display a tabular
report for all objects
in model (or just
those that are redselected).
Choose from a list
of standard system
variables to include
in report.
Add user-selected
attributes to the
report.
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Summary Report View

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Flexsim State Report

State profile is listed
for all objects in the
model (or just those
that are redselected).
Displays amount of
time or percentage
of total simulation
time an object was
in each of its states.
CSV format (default
viewer is Excel).
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State Report View

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Full Report

Requires Full History to be

enabled
Statistics | Full History On

Records data as the model

runs
Data is saved in a database
Flexsim Chart makes charts
from the saved data

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Full Report View

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Model 1 Follow Up
Questions
Whats the maximum and average time
people wait in line?
How many unhappy customers?
Whats the utilization of the service window?
How many customers were serviced?

44

Model 2
Purpose
learn how to duplicate objects
see affects of adding a second service window
introduction to the Send to port field (Flow tab)

Description
add another service window to the post office

Questions
answer the questions asked in Model 1 - Preview
if the windows differ by the type of service they can
provide and 40% of the people need to use window
1 and 60% need to use window 2, how does the
queue time increase?
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Editing Selected Objects

Group editing can be performed on selected objects using
the Edit Selected Objects menu in the views sidebar.
Only one object can be highlighted (YELLOW box) in a
given view window.
Multiple objects can be selected (RED box)

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The Flexsim Object Library

The Flexsim Family Tree
Fixed Resource
Task Executer
Dispatcher

Model 3
Sink
Queue
Conveyor
Flow Node
Processor

- Multiprocessor
- Seperator
- Combiner
- Rack
- Operator

- Transporter
- Task Executer Teams
- Network Node
- Recorder
- Visual Tool

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Flexsim Family Tree

Flexsim Object
Fixed Resource
Source

Dispatcher

Navigator

Task Executer

Network Node
Network Navigator

Visual Tool

Recorder

Operator

Queue

Transporter

Sink

Traffic Control

Crane

Rack

ASRS Vehicle
Robot

Reservoir

Elevator

MultiProcessor
Conveyor

Processor
MergeSort

Combiner
Separator

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Flexsim Standard Objects

Flexsim currently has 25
objects in its discrete object
library.
Your ability to model will be
determined by how well you
understand these 25 objects
and more importantly, the three
main superclasses:
Fixed Resource
Task Executer
Dispatcher

Extensive coverage of the

Flexsim Object Library is found
in the Flexsim Users Manual.
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FixedResource Superclass
FixedResource objects are the backbone of a simulation
model. Theyre used to define the product flow.
FixedResources can:

push or pull flowitems

process flowitems (forced delay)
queue up flowitems (accumulate up to a max content)
call for an operator to be utilized (for process / setup)
call for a transport to carry flowitems to next resource

There is no transfer time between FixedResource

objects unless a TaskExecuter is called to transport the
flowitems.
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TaskExecuter Superclass
TaskExecuters execute tasksequences.
A tasksequence is a list of tasks which are to be completed in the
order listed.
A task is an activity such as loading, unloading, traveling, delaying,
or simply being utilized.
When a TaskExecuter receives a tasksequence, it will start
executing the tasks one after another until the tasksequence is
either finished or preempted by a preempting tasksequence of
higher priority.
Tasksequences are created and dispatched automatically when the
Use Transport or Use Operator boxes are checked on a
FixedResource.
Custom tasksequences can also be created and dispatched using
commands (taught later).
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Dispatcher Superclass
The Dispatcher receives tasksequences and either queues them up,
or dispatches the tasksequences immediately to other Dispatchers
and/or TaskExecuters connected to its output ports.
A tasksequence may preempt the current tasksequence part way
through the current list of tasks. The preemption can either
temporarily interrupt the current tasksequence or permanently
destroy the current tasksequence as well as any other
tasksequences waiting in the preempted TaskExecuters
tasksequence queue.
Tasksequences can be sorted by their priority.
Because a TaskExecuter is a subclass of the Dispatcher, it too can
act as a Dispatcher and be connected through its output ports to
other TaskExecuters.
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Model 3

Purpose
Build a model which uses several objects in the Flexsim library

Description:

A part enters a Separator every 20s where it is split into 3 separate parts.
Each part moves down one of three separate lines:
1. The first part moves via an s-shaped conveyor to a Combiner where a total
of 8 parts are packed on a pallet (supplied by another Source). The loaded
pallet is then conveyed to a Sink.
2. The second part is conveyed to a Queue where it is then carried by an
Operator to a MultiProcessor object where 3 separate processing steps are
performed. The first step can complete on its own in 3 seconds. The second
step requires an operator (same operator that delivered the part) and takes
4 seconds, and the third step can complete on its own in 5 seconds. A
Transporter then picks up the part and takes it to a Rack where it is stored.
3. The third part travels via FlowNodes to a Queue where 10 are accumulated
before being released, one at a time, to a Processor with a 20 second cycle
time. They are then placed in a Queue where a Robot transfers one part at a
time over to a Sink.
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Build Model 3 in Four Phases

Phase 1: Create Flow
Create flow with FixedResource Class objects only (neglect
TaskExecuters).

Phase 2: Add TaskExecutors

Add TaskExecutors: Operator, Transporter and Robot.

Phase 3: Network Node Paths

Add a NetworkNode path to control the travel path of the
Transporters.

Phase 4: Reporting
Add a 3D pie chart to show the status of the Operator
Add 3D text to show the content of the Rack

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Phase 1 Description

Phase 1:
Obtain flow with FixedResource Class objects only (neglect
TaskExecuters).
55

Source
The Source is used to
introduce flowitems into
the model.
The arrival rate of
flowitems will be based
on an Inter-Arrival Time,
Arrival Schedule or
Sequence.
Most models will start
with a Source.

56

Sink
The sink is used as an exit point for flowitems.
FlowItems can only exit the model via the Sink.
Your last chance to record information about the
flowitems is in the OnEntry trigger of the Sink.

57

Queue
The Queue is used to
stage FlowItems for
downstream operations.
Queues are used in the
model wherever work-inprocess (WIP) exists
between process steps.
A Queue may be a table,
basket, line, or waiting
room.
58

Conveyor
Used to convey flowitems from one location in the model
to another location.
Time to convey depends on the conveyors length
divided by its speed.
Can be accumulating or not. If not, all parts on the
conveyor stop when a part at reaches the end of the
conveyor and is blocked (like a Belt conveyor).
Conveyors can take the actual length of the flowitems
and the Conveyor sections into account when calculating
accumulation and available space.
You can define a combination of many straight and
curved sections all on one conveyor object!
59

Flow Node
The FlowNode is used in a model where it is
desirable to have flowitems move along a
designated path to another object in the
model consuming time as they move.
One use would be to move people (flowitems)
down an open corridor or in a building.
Similar to a Conveyor and is connected to
other FlowNodes and FixedResources.
Each FlowItem can have its own speed.
Flowitems DO NOT spatially accumulate.
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Processor
A Processor is used anytime an operation is
performed on a FlowItem.
A Processor can be any kind of machine or
station; anything that would take time to
manipulate a FlowItem.
The FlowItems must stay in the Processor for
the sum of the Setup Time and the Process
Time plus any Blocked Time. The dwell time
may also include time waiting for an operator,
time waiting for a transporter and time waiting for
the Processor to be repaired if broken down.
61

Order of Execution
(pushed flowitem)
flowitem enters

OnEntry

Pick Operator

Process Time

delay

OnProcessFinish

OnExit

delay

Setup Time

Pick Operator

OnSetupFinish

Request
Transport From

delay

Send To Port

possible
delay
62

MultiProcessor

The MultiProcessor allows you to

perform several operation steps
at one location.

Each operation can have a

different process time, and use a
different number of operators.

A MultiProcessor is a good
object to use when you have
large flowitems that move to a
spot where several operations
are performed before it moves
again.

Only 1 flowitem at a time is

allowed in the MultiProcessor.
63

Combiner

The Combiner is used to pack or join flowitems

When using the pack option, the flowitems which enter ports 2 and
higher are placed inside of the flowitem which entered port 1.
When using the join option, the flowitems which enter ports 2 and
higher are destroyed, and the flowitem which entered port 1
represents the assembled part.

Note: Component rows are

added automatically for
each input port connections
made for ports 2 and higher.

The first input port is

always reserved for the
container or main part!
The assumed target
quantity is one !!

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Separator
The Separator is used to separate (unpack) or to split
(make copies of) flowitems.
It can unpack flowitems that were previously combined
using the Combiner.
Flowitems can be split into a specific number or call from
a table.
The contents must leave before the container can leave.

65

Rack
The Rack is used to store flowitems in a
specific column and row (bay and level).
You can toggle between three different
visual displays of the Rack by holding the
X key and clicking on the Rack.
The physical configuration is defined by
the Rack layout size table.
66

Rack Tabs

67

Complete Phase 1

68

Phase 2 Description

Phase 2:
Add TaskExecuters: Operator, Transporter and Robot.
69

Operator

An Operator will model

human tasks such as
machine setup or manual
assembly.
The Operator can also be
used to transport FlowItems
from one FixedResource to
another.
It really has no additional
functionality beyond the
TaskExecuter itself.
The Operator can move in x,
y, and z directions.

70

Transporter

A Transporter is used in a model where a fork truck, AGV or some

other transport vehicle might be used.
It is used to transport FlowItems from one FixedResource to another.
The Transporter can travel in x, y and z directions.
During offset travel the forks lift or lower in the z direction as needed
to pick or place flowitems.
Transporters can load many FlowItems from multiple locations and
then unload the FlowItems separately to multiple locations.

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Other Task Executers

72

Forming a TaskExecuter team

Center

Output

Dispatcher
TaskExecuters

Input
73

Complete Phase 2

Bonus:
Try replacing the robot with a Crane. Play with the cranes
74
parameters to get a feel for how it works.

Phase 3 Description

Phase 3:
Add a NetworkNode path to control the travel path of the
Transporter.

75

NetworkNodes
NetworkNodes are used to define the path a
TaskExecutor will follow when executing its travel tasks.
A network path is made up of a group of interconnected
NetworkNodes.
A TaskExecuter is assigned to move on the network by
connecting it to any NetworkNode in the path. The
connected node becomes the TaskExecuters home
node.
If a FixedResource is visited by a task executor
assigned to travel on the network, that FR must be
connected to at least one NetworkNode, making it
accessible via the network.

76

Connecting NetworkNodes
Click-and-drag a
connection while
pressing the A key.
When connected you
will see a black line
between the nodes.
Two green direction
indicators show that
travel is allowed in
both directions.
77

Connecting a Fixed Resource to the Network

Click-and-drag a
connection, while
holding the A key,
between a NetworkNode
and the object where the
load takes place.
A blue line will show the
connection. The line
does not connect to any
port.
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Connecting a TaskExecutor
to the Network

Click-and-drag a
connection between the
TaskExecutor and a
NetworkNode while
pressing the A key.

A red line will indicate

that the connection has
been made. The line
does not connect to any
port.
79

Single Direction Paths

A path can be restricted
to travel in a single
direction by pressing
the Q key and clickdragging in the direction
you want to disallow
travel.
The green direction
indicator turns red,
showing the restricted
direction.
80

Non-Passing Paths
A non-passing path can
be toggled by using the
A key and click-anddragging between two
nodes that are already
connected.
The direction indicator
turns yellow, showing a
non-passing direction.
A dragging a red or
yellow direction will
toggle back to green.

No traveling

Travel but no passing

81

Direction Indicator Context Menu

Rather than A dragging the
path to toggle path type, you can
right click a direction indicator
and choose from a context
menu.
X clicking a direction indicator with the left
mouse button will also toggle through the
different direction modes.
Use the Travel
Networks section of
the view sidebar to set
connection defaults
and increase the size
of the network nodes.

82

Spline Control Points

To create a curved
path select Curved
from the direction
indicator context
menu.
Spline control points
will appear on the
path.
Drag the spline
control points to
create a curved path.

83

NetworkNode View Modes

1. a

2. A

The display options for the

network can be toggled by
holding down the X key
and then clicking on any
NetworkNode.
5. A

3. A

6. a
4. A
84

Paths Tab
Each path from a NetworkNode
can be edited in many ways.
Different direction modes can be
set using the Connection Type
dropdown list.
Minimum spacing between
travellers can be defined.
A maximum speed can be set
for this path connection.
A Virtual Distance can be set.
Virtual distance is a forced
distance value. Using virtual
distance, you can give a path an
artificial length.
When might a virtual distance
be useful?

85

Complete Phase 3

Bonus:
Try adding a second Transporter to the Multiprocessor.
Can you make the Transporters travel in a counter-clockwise
direction?
86

Phase 4 Description

Phase 4:
Add a 3D pie chart to show the status of the Operator
Add 3D text to show the content of the Rack
87

Recorder
The Recorder is used to display and record
statistical information.
The Recorder can display 3D charts and
graphs from object data or tables.
Enable the object to record data for Content
and Staytime graphs (Statistics tab of
Properties window).
Can gather point statistics (min, max, avg) or
complete historical data at set time intervals or
based on actual object events.
88

VisualTool
The VisualTool is one of
the most versatile Flexsim
Objects.
VisualTool can be used as
a prop to display planes,
cubes, columns, spheres,
imported objects (2D CAD
or 3D shapes), 3D text and
even presentation slides
(bmp, jpg).
The VisualTool can also
act as a container for other
objects.

89

Complete Phase 4

Bonus:
Can you change the 3D shape of the Operator?
90

Flexsim Hierarchy
<understanding the tree structure>

And

The Modeling Language

<writing your own logic statements to create custom behavior>

91

What is a Node?
Basic data structure of Flexsim is a hierarchal tree
main tree (model and project related objects and data)
view tree (GUI related objects and picklists)
model tree (model related objects and data)

The node is the basic building block of a tree

Nodes hold all the information behind the scenes
for objects, GUIs and data.

92

Node Structure
Nodes have a name
Nodes can have a data item
number
string
object

If nodes have object data, use > to view a

separate node list containing the object info
(data members and member functions)
If nodes contain sub nodes, use + to expand
and view the child nodes
93

Node Symbols
Standard Folder
Object
Object data
Function (C++)
Function (FlexScript)

94

Sample Model Tree

95

What is a function?
functionname(argument1, argument2, etc)
An argument can be:
Numerical value
String (text)
Pointer (*) to an object or node

Function example:

colorrandom(item)

(see OnExit trigger of a Source object)

Many of Flexsims functions are used to read data

from the tree and save data to the tree.

96

General Rules
language is case sensitive (A does not equal a)
no specific format is required (free use of spaces, tabs and line
returns is encouraged for readable code)
text strings are entered between quotes. mytext
parenthesis follow a function call and commas separate the
arguments of the function. moveobject(object1, object2);
a function or command will always end with a SEMI-COLON (;)
parenthesis can also be used freely to make associations in
your math and logic statements. Ex: ((x+3)*2)
curly braces { } are used to define a block of statements.
to comment the rest of a line use // and type note here
multi-line comments start with /* and end with */.
dont use spaces or special characters in name definitions
( _ is ok).
names may include numbers, but may not begin with a number
(machine_9 is acceptable, 9machine is not).
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Logic Statements - Available Help

Existing Pick List options are great examples
Commands
Hints

98

Variable Types

int
double
string
treenode

integer (1, 2, 3, 14324)

double precision (2.5, 3.14159)
text string (Anthony was here.)
reference to a node in the tree

99

Declaring and Setting Variables

int index = 1;
double weight = 175.8;
string category = groceries;
treenode forklift = centerobject(current,1);

100

Math Operators

x+y
x-y
x*y
x/y
sqrt(x)
pow(x,y)
round(x)
frac(x)
fmod(x,y)
min(x,y)
max(x,y)

x plus y
x minus y
x times y
x divided by y
square root of x
x to the power of y (xy)
x rounded to the nearest integer
returns the decimal portion of x
returns the remainder of x/y
returns minimum of x and y
returns maximum of x and y
101

Comparing

x>y
x<y
x >= y
x <= y
x == y
x != y
comparetext(string1,string2)

x greater than y
x less than y
x greater than or equal to y
x less than or equal to y
x equal to y
x not equal to y
string1 matches string2

Remember: = is not the same as ==

= is used to set a value
== is a comparison operator

102

Relating
&&
||
!

logical AND
logical OR
logical NOT

103

Updating

x=y
x += y
x -= y
x *= y
x /= y
x ++
x --

Remember: = is not the same as ==

= is used to set a value
== is a comparison operator

set x to y
set x to x plus y
set x to x minus y
set x to x times y
set x to x divided by y
add 1 to x
subtract 1 from x

104

Basic Object Referencing

current item model() -

the current object, the owner of the code

the involved flowitem that triggered the event
references the model tree

rank(node, ranknum)
node(relativepath, object)

rank(current,3)
node(/Operator1,model())

inobject(object, portnum)
outobject(object, portnum)
centerobject(object, portnum)

inobject(current,1)
outobject(current,1)
centerobject(current,1)

first(object)
last(object)

first(current)
last(current)
105

Basic Object Statistics

content( object )
getinput( object )
getoutput( object )
getstatenum( object )

int inventory = content(current);

int produced = getoutput(current);
106

Object Spatial Attributes

xloc( object )
yloc( object )
setloc( object, xnum, ynum, znum )

zloc( object )

xsize( object )
ysize( object )
setsize( object, xnum, ynum, znum )

zsize( object )

xrot( object )
yrot( object )
setrot( object, xdeg, ydeg, zdeg )

zrot( object )

107

Itemtypes
itemtype all flowitems have an attribute
called itemtype. Its a numeric identifier used
to distinguish one type of flowitem from
another in processing and routing decisions in
a model.

108

Basic Object Attributes

getname( object )
setname( object, name )
getitemtype( flowitem )
setitemtype( flowitem, num)
setcolor( object, red, green, blue )
colorred( object ) blue,green,random...
How can you find the names of other color
functions?
109

Prompts and Printouts

syntax
pt( text string )
pf( float value )
pd( discrete value )
pr( )
msg( window title, message text, button type )

Text is printed to the Output Console

In the main menu: View -> Output Console

example
pt(Item In ); pt(getname(current)); pt( ); pf(time()); pr();
110

Processor Parameters
Understanding the edit fields of the Processor
object will help you understand Flexsim.
You should be able to answer the following
four questions about each edit field:

what is its purpose?

when is it evaluated?
what are its access variables?
what does it return?

111

Access Variables & Returns

Edit Field

Access Variables

Returns

Setup Time

current, item, port

delay time

Process Time

current, item

delay time

MTBF

current

delay time

MTTR

current

delay time

Send To Port

current, item

port number

Pull From Port

current

port number

Pull Requirement

current, item, port

true/false (1/0)

Request Transport From

current, item, port

numeric pointer

Pick Operator

current, item

numeric pointer

OnReset

current

N/A

OnMessage

current, msgsendingobject,
msgparam1, msgparam2, msgparam3

N/A

OnEntry

current, item, port

N/A

OnExit

current, item, port

N/A

OnSetupFinish

current, item

N/A

OnProcessFinish

current, item

N/A

OnBreakDown

current

N/A

OnRepair

current

N/A

112

Code Exercise 1
Purpose
Gain experience in writing code in the Code Edit windows.
Introduction to special comments used to define Code Template
windows.
Introduction to the bernoulli command.
bernoulli(num probability, num succeed-value, num fail-value, [num stream])

Description
Do not use code templates for these exercises (write your own
code, beginning with most basic available option)!
See next slide for model layout description.
Using the Send To Port field of the Conveyor, send 30% of the
flowitems to port 1 and 70% to port 2 (Use the bernoulli
command).

113

Code Exercises 1,2,3 Layout

114

Logical if Statement
if (test expression)
{
code block

}
else
{
code block

if (content(item) == 2)
{
colorred(item);
}
else
{
colorblack(item);
}

115

Code Exercise 2
Purpose
Learn how to both set and read the itemtype of a flowitem
using code.
Introduction to the Flowitem Bin

Description

Uses same layout as Exercise 1.

Set the itemtype of flowitems as they exit the Source.
60% of the flowitems are itemtype 7, the rest are itemtype 3.
Using an if statement in the Send To Port field of the
Conveyor, send flowitems with itemtype 7 to port 1, and those
with itemtype 3 to port 2.

Questions
Can you change the color of the Flowitems based on their
itemtype using code? How can you find the color commands?
116

The Flowitem Bin

Sources create copies
of objects in the
Flowitem Bin
Any changes made to
objects in the Bin
affect the flowitems
that are created by
Sources
Used to create labels,
set size, color, shape,
etc.
117

Labels
labels information can be
stored on flowitems (and
other modeling objects) in the
form of labels.
Flowitems and other Flexsim
objects can have an
unlimited number of labels.
Labels have a name and
data. The data may be
numeric, string, list, or table.
118

 syntax

Object Labels

getlabelnum( object, labelname )

setlabelnum( object, labelname , value )
getlabelstr( object, labelname )
setlabelstr( object, labelname , string )
label( object, labelname )

examples

getlabelnum( item, serialnumber )

setlabelnum( item, serialnumber, 5 )
getlabelstr( current, category )
setlabelstr( current, category, groceries )
inc( label(item, stepnum), 1 )
The increment command only works with number data nodes
119

Logical switch Statement

int type = getitemtype(item);
switch ( switchvariable )
{
case casenum:
{
code block
break;
}
case casenum2:
{
code block
break;
}
default:
{
code block
break;
}
}

switch (type)
{
case 1:
{
coloryellow(item);
break;
}
case 5:
{
colorred(item);
break;
}
default:
{
colorgreen(item);
break;
}
}

120

Code Exercise 3
Purpose
Learn how to both set and read the labels on a flowitem using
code.

Description
Uses same layout as Exercise 1.
Create a numeric label named routing on the Textured
Colored Box in the FlowItem Bin (see toolbar).
Set the routing label of flowitems as they exit the Source with
a random number between 1 and 4 (use duniform() command).
Use a switch() statement in the Send To Port field of the
Conveyor to send flowitems according to the following rules:
Label values 1 and 3 go to port 2
Label values 2 and 4 go to port 1

Questions
Can you change the color of the flowitems based on their label
value using code?
121

Logical while Statement

while (test expression)
{
code block

while (content(current) > 0)

{
destroyobject(last(current));
}

In programming, a while loop is a control structure that

allows a code block to be repeated as long as a test
expression is true.
Avoid infinite loops by ensuring that the test
expression will eventually fail.
122

Logical for Statement

for (start expression; test expression; count expression)
{
//code block
}
for (int index=1; index<=content(current); index++)
{
colorblue(rank(current,index));
}

A for loop allows you to repeat a block of code a set

number of times. The head of the for loop defines the
repeat conditions:
1. specify a changing variable & give it an initial value
2. set a condition to exit the loop
3. how to treat your variable at the end of each iteration

Avoid infinite loops by ensuring that the test expression will

eventually fail.

123

Code Exercise 4
Purpose
Learn how to write your own for loop.

Description
A Combiner packs 8 boxes on a pallet.
Use an infinite supply of pallets from one Source and an infinite
supply of boxes from another Source.
The Combiner sends to a Conveyor which then sends to another
Conveyor.
Using the OnExit trigger of the first Conveyor, write a for loop which
changes the color of all the boxes on the pallet.

Questions
Can you change the 3D shapes of the boxes on the pallet to totes
using the Change 3D Shape picklist option?

124

Exercise 4 Layout

125

Model 4 - Concepts
Itemtypes
Push vs. Pull
Distributions (continuous vs. discrete)

126

Order of Execution
(pulled flowitem)
Flowitem
becomes available Pull Requirement
upstream

OnSetupFinish

delay

Process Time

Pick Operator

Pull From
Port

OnExit

delay

if true

delay

OnEntry

Pick Operator

Setup Time

delay

Send To Port

Request
Transport From

possible
delay
127

 Purpose

Model 4

Learn how to use pull logic in defining routings based on a

flowitems itemtype.

Description
Electronic components need to be tested after manufacture.
There are two types of components that arrive in a queue at
random with the mix being 40% of one and 60% the other.
The inter-arrival time of components is exponential(0,30,1)
There are two testers for component 1 and three testers for
component 2. Components will go to the first available tester.
Testing times are all between 120 and 150 seconds uniformly
distributed.

Questions & Bonus

Are all testers equally utilized?
Can you model this with push?
Try assigning colors to the itemtypes.

128

Model 4 Layout

129

Model 5 - Concepts
Global Tables
Labels
Triggers

130

Global Table Commands

gettablenum( tablename, rownum, colnum )
settablenum( tablename, rownum, colnum, value )
gettablestr( tablename, rownum, colnum )
settablestr( tablename, rownum, colnum, string )

131

Model 5
Purpose
Small example of using a Global Table to define product routings.
Learn how to use a label to keep track of what step the flowitem is on.

Description
3 different products (uniformly distributed) enter a 5 station work cell.
Products are processed at the following stations in the order specified
Product 1 needs to be processed at station 1,3, and 2.
Product 2 needs to be processed at station 1, 2, and 4.
Product 3 need to be processed at station 2,4,3, and 5.

Use a global table to make sure the products are sent to the right
station in the proper sequence.
Use a single Queue whose output ports are connected to each of the 5
stations and to a Sink. Each of the five stations have their output port
also connected to the input ports of the Queue.
Use an Arrival Schedule to test the routes for each product type
separately.

Questions & Bonus

Can you change all flowitems in the model to a common color
depending on step?
132

Model 5 Layout

133

Model 6 - Concepts
Labels and Itemtypes
Empirical Distributions
Trigger sequence

134

Model 6
Purpose
Learn how to assign and use labels on flowitems for routing and
processing purposes. Learn how to use an empirical distribution to
assign itemtypes.

Description
Parts arrive in a queue exponentially every 30 seconds. There are
four part types (1,2,3,4) distributed (20%, 30%, 40%, 10%)
respectively (see dempirical in Flexsim Command Summary).
The parts are processed on one of four machines. Each machine is
dedicated to a single part type. The processing times at each
machine is uniform(100,120) seconds for first time parts, and
uniform(120,130) seconds for rework parts.
After the parts are machined, they are put in a queue and wait to be
tested. The test time is a constant 10 seconds. Parts that pass, leave
the model, failed parts are routed back to the first queue to be
reworked. 10% of the parts fail.
Parts being reworked are given priority in the queue.

Questions & Bonus

Where is the bottleneck?
Can you change the color and shape of failed parts?
135

Model 6 Layout

136

Model 7 - Concepts
TaskSequence Priority
Global Pointers

137

Model 7
Purpose
Learn how to use an Operator to both carry and process
flowitems

Description
Parts arrive at a queue every 20 seconds exponentially
distributed and need to be carried by the operator to one of 3
machines, whichever is first available.
The operator needs to setup the part which takes 10 seconds.
The part will then process for 20 seconds on its own.
When the part finishes, it will leave the system.
One operator will run all three machines.

Questions & Bonus

See if you can get the operator to stay for setup once he has
carried the product to the machine.
Can you create the same model without center port
connections?
138

Model 7 Layout

139

Model 8 - Concepts
Send To Port
Break To Requirement

140

Model 8
Purpose
Learn how to use the Break To Requirement field on
TaskExecuters.

Description

A Source continuously sends Flowitems randomly to 3 Queues.

Flowitems are assigned an itemtype 1,2,3 uniformly distributed.
All three Queues can hold all three itemtypes.
A Transporter carries Flowitems to three Queues that each hold 1
itemtype.
These Queues then go to Processors and a Sink.
The Transporter can carry up to 5 items at a time.
The Transporter should only carry items that have the same itemtype
at any time.

Questions & Bonus

Experiment with the other available Break To Requirement pickoptions. How does the Transporter behave?
141

Model 8 Layout

142

Model 9 - Concepts
TaskExecuter Teams
TaskSequence Preemption
Time Tables

143

Model 9
Purpose
More practice working with teams, priorities and preempting

Description

A single work cell has 5 machines.

Each part must be processed at each of the 5 machines
There are 3 operators who work in the cell as a team.
The operators need to carry each part to the next machine as
well as set up the machine for that part.
Setup times are 5 seconds and process times are 15.
New parts arrive in the system every 25 seconds.

Questions & Bonus

Whats the throughput rate per hour?
Experiment with priorities and preempting to try and improve the
throughput rate.
Assign each operator to a different timetable so their breaks and
lunches are staggered.
144

Model 9 Layout

145

Model 10 - Concepts
Update Combiner Component List OnEntry
Excel Imports and Exports ~ Multi-Table
Read Automatic Excel Input Documentation

146

Custom
Excel
Import/Export
Example:
excelopen(C:\mybook.xls);
excelsetsheet(Sheet1);
double thenum = excelreadnum(1,1);
excelwritenum(5,2,thenum)
excelclose(true);
This opens a link to a workbook called mybook, and stores a value read from
row 1, column 1 from Sheet1, then writes the stored value to row 5, column 2. The
link with Excel is then closed.
See also excelimporttable() and excelexporttable()
Rules:
You must call excelopen() once per workbook. Only one workbook can be open at a
time. The user must call excelclose() before trying to open another workbook.
Before reading from the open file, excelsetsheet() must also be called to point to the
appropriate worksheet. This command may be called several times to point to
different sheets in the active workbook.
See Flexsims browser based help for more information. Press the ? button in the
lower left corner of the Automatic Excel Import to open the contextual help.
147

Model 10
Purpose
Learn how to manipulate the Components List table on a
Combiner object to do custom packing on the fly
Learn how to import and use a Source arrival schedule

Description
A small distributor has 10 product types that he ships to the
same 5 customers.
Each customer has a different order profile.
The distributor has a large supply of each of the 10 products
so all he has to do is wait for an order to come through the
door.
Products are placed on a pallet and then conveyed out.
Use the next two tables to build the model.

Questions & Bonus

Can you think of other uses for the Combiner?
If time permits, try importing the tables from Excel.
148

Model 10 Layout

149

Model 10 Order Table

Customer 1

Customer 2

Customer 3

Customer 4

Customer 5

prod 1

prod 2

prod 3

prod 4

prod 5

prod 6

prod 7

prod 8

prod 9

prod 10

0
150

Model 10 Daily Arrival Schedule

ArrivalTime

ItemName

ItemType

Quantity

Customer 1

OrderA

Customer 2

3600

OrderB

Customer 3

7200

OrderC

Customer 4

10800

OrderD

Customer 5

14400

OrderE

1
151

More Advanced Concepts and

Models

152

Model A1 - Concepts
Closing and Opening Output/Input Ports
Message Sending
Stop and Resume commands

153

Basic Object Control

closeinput( object ), openinput( object )
stopinput( object ), resumeinput( object )
closeoutput( object ), openoutput( object )
stopoutput( object ), resumeoutput( object )
sendmessage( toobject, fromobject, parameter1, parameter2,
parameter3 )
senddelayedmessage( toobject, delaytime, fromobject,
parameter1, parameter2, parameter3 )
stopobject( object ), resumeobject( object )
moveobject( object, containerobject )

154

Order of Execution
(Messages)
sendmessage()

OnMessage
trigger of
receiving object

senddelayedmessage()

delay

OnMessage
trigger of
receiving object

155

Model A1
Purpose
Learn how to control product flow and send delayed messages.

Description
Assume an infinite supply of A and B components.
The two components must be glued together with epoxy which
takes lognormal(0,2.6,0.8) seconds.
The assembled parts must wait in a staging area for at least 15
seconds for the epoxy to cure before they can enter the paint
booth.
It takes lognormal(0,2.5,0.5) seconds to paint each part
separately.
After each part is painted and exits the paint booth, the booth
must be purged for 3 seconds before another part can enter.

Questions & Bonus

What is the average and maximum time a part waits in queue?
How does throughput change if 10 parts can be curing
simultaneously?
156

Model A1 Layout

157

Model A2 Concepts

Abstract Model Application

Global Variables
For Loop
moveobject() Command

158

Model A2

Purpose
Gain experience in building an abstract model
Learn to write behavior logic in a trigger field using code

Description
Items arrive at a warehouse each day to be stored.
Orders arrive at a warehouse each day to be pulled.
The average number of items and orders received each day is 10, but both are
exponentially distributed.
There are only 5 types of items (and therefore orders) received. The type of
received items and orders is uniformly distributed 1 through 5 on a daily basis.
Whenever an order arrives it must search for a matching item and remove it.
Whenever an item arrives it must search for a matching order and remove it.
1 model time unit = 1 day.

Questions & Bonus

How big must the warehouse be, so there is always room to store the items
received each day?
Plot the number of unsatisfied orders each day for an entire year.
Whats the average number of days an order waits to be satisfied?

159

Model A2 Layout

160

Model A3 - Concepts
Custom TaskSequences
Global TaskSequences
Global Variables

161

TaskExecuter Control
Simple Commands
requestoperators( taskexecuter, station, involvedobj, nrofops, priority,
preempting )
freeoperators( taskexecuter, involvedobj )
Custom Built TaskSequence
createemptytasksequence( taskexecuter, priority, preempting)
Returns a pointer (treenode) to the task sequence created

inserttask(tasksequence, tasktype, involved1, involved2,

parameter1, parameter2, parameter3 )
dispatchtasksequence( tasksequence )
162

Sample Code for tasksequence

treenode forklift = centerobject(current, 1);
treenode origin = centerobject(current, 2);
treenode destination = centerobject(current, 3);
treenode item = first(origin);
treenode ts = createemptytasksequence(forklift, 0, 0);
inserttask(ts, TASKTYPE_TRAVEL, origin, NULL);
inserttask(ts, TASKTYPE_FRLOAD, item, origin);
inserttask(ts, TASKTYPE_TRAVEL, destination, NULL);
inserttask(ts, TASKTYPE_FRUNLOAD, item, destination);
dispatchtasksequence(ts);
163

Task Types
TASKTYPE_LOAD: flowitem, pickup
TASKTYPE_FRLOAD: flowitem, pickup, [outputport]
TASKTYPE_UNLOAD: flowitem, dropoff
TASKTYPE_FRUNLOAD: flowitem, dropoff, [inputport]
TASKTYPE_UTILIZE: involved, station, [state]
TASKTYPE_STOPREQUESTFINISH: stoppedobject, NULL
TASKTYPE_TRAVEL: destination, NULL
TASKTYPE_TRAVELTOLOC: NULL, NULL,xloc,yloc,zloc, [endspeed]
TASKTYPE_TRAVELRELATIVE: NULL, NULL,xloc,yloc,zloc, [endspeed]
TASKTYPE_BREAK: NULL, NULL
TASKTYPE_DELAY: NULL, NULL, delaytime, [state]
TASKTYPE_SENDMESSAGE: receiver, NULL, [param1,param2,param3]
TASKTYPE_MOVEOBJECT: flowitem, container, [port]
TASKTYPE_DESTROYOBJECT: object, NULL
Brown parameters are required, [Gray] parameters are optional
** use profiletasksequence(ts) to print a full description of the task sequence to the Output
Console
164

Global Task Sequences

Global Task Sequences are reusable task
sequences
No code is used to define them
Two steps to create a global task sequence:
Define references (static and dynamic)
Objects that are used as involved1 or involved2 in the
sequence

Define the tasks in the sequence

Call createglobaltasksequence() to use them

There is a pick-option to call this command
165

Define References

References are objects

that are used as
involved1 or involved2
Static references are
fixed in the task
sequence
No limit on static
references

Dynamic references
are assigned at runtime
Up to 5 dynamic
references

166

Define Tasks

Tasks can be dragged

from the list
Tasks can be added,
deleted or reordered
with the buttons
Use the fields on the
right to define each
task

167

Model A3
Purpose
Learn how to manually build your own tasksequences

Description
The model consists of a Source, three Processors in series,
and a Sink.
An operator must pick up a part from the source, carry it to the
first processor, be utilized for the process time, carry the part
to the next processor, etc. until finally dropping it off at the sink.
Use Global Object Pointers instead of center port connections.

Questions & Bonus

How many operators does it take to make 1000 pieces a day?

168

Model A3 Layout

169

Model A4
Purpose
Learn how to create custom built task sequences

Description
The model consists of a Source, an Operator, a NetworkNode
and a Sink.
An operator must pick up a part from the source, carry it to the
sink and travel to the NetworkNode location after dropping it off
at the sink.
Create custom built task sequences at the source.

Model A4 Layout