Volume Metrology in
Mexico and the USA
Roberto Arias Romero
Direccin Flujo y Volumen
Centro Nacional de Metrologia, Mexico
John D. Wright
Fluid Metrology Group
National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Consumption and Distribution
Calibration and Traceability Chain
Volume Calibrations at NIST
Volume Calibrations at CENAM
[Link]-K4
Questions and comments
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
1 Impact of volume measurements
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Major Oil Trade Movements
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Distribution
Petroleum is metered > 11 times between the well head
and the consumer!
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Selected Crude Oil Trunkline
Systems
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Major Refined Product
Pipelines
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Production and Distribution
9115 km
4647 km
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Distribution Terminals
74
Storage
and
Terminals nationwide
Distribution
Over 900 installed measurement
skids for loading and/or unloading
road- and rail Tanks
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2 Calibration and Traceability Chain
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Elements of the Traceability Chain
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Flowmeter (PD, Turbine, Coriolis, Ultrasonic)
Prover (Small Volume Prover, Ball Prover)
Tank prover
Master Meter
Field Test Measures or Masses
National Metrology Laboratory
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Flowmeter
Positive Displacement
Turbine
Ultrasonic
Coriolis
Smith
Daniel
Micromotion
Daniel
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Small Volume Prover
Brooks
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Small Volume Prover
Calibron
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Small Volume Prover
Operation
Brooks
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Ball Prover
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
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Tank Prover
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Field Test Measures
Meter Engineers
Seraphin
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Master Meters
MF =
(Vb SRu) CTS m CTLmp
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IVm CTLm CPLm
Definition of Traceability
JCGM 200:2008
2.41 (6.10)
metrological traceability
property of a measurement result whereby the result can be
related to a reference through a documented unbroken chain of
calibrations, each contributing to the measurement uncertainty.
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Volume Traceability
Ball Prover
Standards Laboratory
(NIST or CENAM)
2
3
Field Test Measures
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Flowmeter
Volume Traceability
Tank Prover
Standards Laboratory
(NIST or CENAM)
2
3
Field Test Measures
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Flowmeter
Volume Traceability
Standards Laboratory
(NIST or CENAM)
Small Volume Prover
Flowmeter
Each step adds
uncertainty!!!
Master Meter
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Water Draw Volume Calibration
Measures volume between start & stop switches of a prover
by collecting water in field test measures (or on a weigh scale)
FMC Technologies
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Meter Proving
Calibration performed by comparing a
flowmeter totalized volume to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
ball prover
small volume prover
tank prover
master meter
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Meter Proving
API Chapter 4.8
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Principle of Operation
counter
000 428
005
010
000 Pulses
326
Pulsos
S2
prover
Turbine
Calibrated volume
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S1
3 Volume Calibrations at NIST
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
NIST Special Publication 250-72
[Link]
Documentation for
customers
Methods and
equations
Uncertainty analysis
Sample reports
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Graduated Neck (4 L to 8000 L)
4L
400 L
2000 L
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Direct Weighing Procedure
Level
Weigh dry
Fill to 0, measure tW,
weight, room t, p, rh
Drain (30 s after main flow)
and weigh
Repeat 5 times
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Contained Volume
m
f me
h
V contain (t w ) =
(t w ) air
Delivered Volume
m
f md
h
V deliver (t w ) =
(t w ) air
Thermal Expansion
t : temperature
m : mass
: density
h : neck scale reading
T : prover coeff. Thermal exp.
w : water
f : full
e : empty (dry)
d : drained (wet)
ref : reference (15.56 C)
V (t ref ) = V (t w )[1 - t (t w - t ref )]
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Contained and Delivered
Volumes
(Vc - Vd)/Vc /%
0.120
0.100
0.080
0.060
0.040
0.020
0.000
0
100
200
Vc/L
300
400
Data from 150 volumes
Differ by 0.02% for a 400 L volume, 0.05% for a
20 L volume
Ratio of surface area to volume increases as
volume decreases
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Drainage Uncertainty
More liquid remains on the walls if the viscosity and surface
tension are larger
Uncertainty in delivered volume due to liquid property
changes (t changes)
Drainage uncertainty is proportional to Vc Vd
(t ref )
V = [Vc (tw ) Vd (tw )]
(
)
t
1/ 2
For a 400 L volume at 22 C, 17 parts in 106 more liquid
delivered due to a smaller viscosity than if used at 15.56 C
For a 20 L volume, the same temperature difference gives
48 parts in 106 increase in delivered volume
We handle as an uncertainty, not a correction
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Data Reduction Spreadsheet
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Neck Scale Calibrations
Done gravimetrically at -80%,
-40%, 0%, 40%, and 80%
Neck Scale Calibration
5
4
3
2
calculated
correction
[div]
-4.0
-1.0
-5.0
-5.0
-0.5
-202
-98
99
200.5
[div]
-8.7
-3.9
-8.8
-9.4
-5.6
-205.1
-101.9
93.0
193.0
[div]
-4.7
-2.9
-3.8
-4.4
-5.1
-3.1
-3.9
-6.0
-7.5
slope
intercept
0.989
-4.18
[div]
0.396
6.484E-06
-1.67
-2.741E-05
3
[in ]
3
[m ]
0.00
-1.00
Correction [div]
Reading
-2.00
-3.00
-4.00
-5.00
-6.00
-7.00
-8.00
-300.0 -200.0 -100.0
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0.0
100.0
200.0 300.0
Neck Scale Reading [div]
Uncertainty
Ref. Temp.
[C]
Thermal Expansion Corrected Prover Volume
Contained
Delivered
[m 3]
15.56
0.15900543
0.15895664
Contained
42.0048
Delivered
x / x
Temperature
9700.13
0.58
[C]
[in3]
41.9919
9703.11
Water
Density
Patterson & Morris
3
[kg/m ]
0.15903186
0.15896839
42.0118
41.9950
9704.72
9700.85
1.51
15.560
999.015
0.15901843
0.15901641
0.15901927
0.15896214
0.15895837
0.15895390
42.0082
42.0077
42.0084
41.9934
41.9924
41.9912
9703.90
9703.78
9703.95
9700.47
9700.24
9699.96
0.40
0.27
1.07
20.264
998.151
42.0082
41.9928
41.9918
35
0.012
9703.89
9700.33
9700.11
35
0.012
--- [m3]
295.58 [kg]
me
137.03 [kg]
59
0.016
eff= 7
1/V V/ x i Value of 1/V V/ x i
Value
h
mf
59
0.016
k = 2.36
Estimation of Uncertainty
Delivered
[gal]
0.1590183 0.1589599
0.1589563
59
35
0.016
0.012
xi
Contained
1/V
1/(m f -m e )
-1/(m f -m e )
3
1000 [kg/m ]
-1/ 0
0 [1/m3]
0.01 [1/kg]
-0.01 [1/kg]
3
-1E-03 [m /kg]
Averages, Thermal Expansion Corrected
Averages, Therm. Exp. & Viscosity Corrected
-6
Repeatability [x 10 ]
Expanded Uncertainty [%]
95% confidence, Taylor & Kuyatt
u(x i) for k =1
3
1.6E-06 [m ]
3.6E-03 [kg]
1/V V/ x i u(x i) [ x 10-6
0.0
22.6
0.00
508.95
-22.6
508.95
2.0E-03 [kg/m ]
-2.0
4.00
3.6E-03 [kg]
3
2.0E-04 [1/C]
-(T W -T ref,W )
-20.3 [C]
3.3E-07 [1/C]
-6.7
44.72
4.8E-05 [1/C]
-(T W -T ref )
-4.7 [C]
7.0E-07 [1/C]
-3.3
10.84
W- t
2E-04 [1/C]
3
1E-03 [m /kg]
6.1
37.11
2.0
12.9
4.00
165.91
TW
air
20.3 [C]
3
1.17 [kg/m ]
1/ 0
4.0E-02 [C]
3
2.0E-03 [kg/m ]
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
(Vc - Vd)/Vc /%
Uncertainty
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
1 .2
%
U e = 0.015 +
100
200
Vc/L
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
300
400
4 Volume Calibrations at
CENAM
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
CENAM
Organization
Volume and Flow
Small volumes
Large volumes
Water
Liquid Flow
Oil
Gas Flow
Viscosity
master meters
In situ services
proving tanks
pipe provers
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Laboratory Layout
Gravimetric Method
1
2
3
4
5
6
Water reservoir (deionized and filtered)
Device under test
Auxilliary reservoir
Mass comparator (60 kg / 0.01 g)
Reference weights (OIML F1)
t, p and hr sensors
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Laboratory Layout
Volumetric Transfer
Water quality: tap water (filtered)
Reference standards:
(50 0.002) L
(500 0.090) L
Calibration capabilities: up to 3 000 L
Typical uncertainties: (0.02 to 0.04) %; (k=2)
Applications: Verification of fuel dispensers (20 L)
Verification of LPG meters ( 500 L)
Calibration of compact provers
Calibration of pipe provers
Calibration of master meters (3 000 L)
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
10 000 L
Math Models
Gravimetric: double substitution
n
n
a
+ Af Ai
mf mi 1
m
i =1
i =1
[ 1 (t w 20 ) ]
V 20 C =
w a
a
ms 1
Lf 2 + Lf 3 Lf 1 Lf 4
ms
Af =
2
Lf 3 Lf 2
ms 1
Li 2 + Li 3 Li1 Li 4
ms
Ai =
2
Li 3 Li 2
mf:
mi
a:
w:
m:
Af:
Ai:
L:
mass of the final reference weights
mass of the initial reference weights
air density
water density
reference weights density
final mass differential
initial mass differential
balance readings
ms: density of sensitivity weights
: prover thermal coefficient of expansion
tw: water temperature
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Math Models
gravimetric: direct reading
a
(If Ie ) 1
m
V 20 C = w a [ 1 (t w 20) ]
I f:
Ie
balance indication at full condition
balance indication at empty condition
a: air density
w: water density
: stainless steel thermal coefficient of expansion
tw: water temperature
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Math Models
water density; Tanaka et. al.
Other models:
Patterson & Morris
Bettin
Masui & Fujii
Kell
Watanabe
IAPWS
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Math Models
air density
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Math Models
air density; Excel add-in
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Math Models
data processing
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Math Models
data processing
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Volume Measurements
Large volume Laboratory
(2 3 000) L
Small volume Laboratory
(0.01 mL 2 L)
-glassware-
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Volume Measurements,
Main Customers
Large volume Laboratory
(2 3 000) L
Secondary laboratories
Verification officers
Petrol stations
PEMEX
Small volume Laboratory
(0.01 mL 2 L)
-glassware-
Secondary laboratories
Food industry; Pharmaceutical,
Chemical industry
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
National Mass
Standard
10 g
Water density
formulation
Temperature National
Standard
0.02 mK
Digital thermometer
+ Pt-100
0.01 C
Volume National
Standard
50 L 0.0035 %
Reference tank prover
500 L 0.012 %
Working standard
3 000 L 0.018 %
Traceability chart for volume of liquids measurements by using
tank provers.
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
Volume working
standard
3 000 L 0.018 %
water draw method
Bi-directional pipe prover
V20 C, 0 Pa 0.03 %
In line Turbine or PD
meter
Direct volume
comparison method
Vt,p 0.1 %
Traceability chart for volume of liquids measurements by using
bi-directional pipe prover
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5 International comparability
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
[Link]-K4
Transfer standard artifacts
Glass pycnometer (6 items)
Type:
Gay-Lussac
Volume: 100 mL
Stainless steel pipette (3 items)
Type:
overflow
Volume:
20 L
Temperature:
Pt-100
Design:
to deliver
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
106 (xi xcenam)/xcenam
[Link]-K4; [Link]-K4;[Link]-K4 AND
[Link]-K4
SIM Metrology School 2013; Gaithersburg, MD
