Programming in C#
Introduction
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Welcome to C#
Wow!! Look at you! Look at what you have
accomplished
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What is C#
A Pure OOP language developed by Microsoft in
the late 1990s (release in 2001)
Microsofts response to Java
Some have accused MS of ripping off Java
The language was designed to be a catalyst for
the newly developed .Net Framework
Supposed to attract developers that were already
familiar with C & C++ to .Net development
Originally called COOL (C-like Object Oriented
Language)
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What is C#
The most common implementation of the language
Works in conjunction with a Microsoft language framework called
.Net
Compiles code into Intermediate Language (IL) AKA Byte Code
C#
Also called Common Intermediate Language (CIL)
Which is interpreted by a CLR (Common Language Runtime)
That runs overtop of a framework layer often referred to as CLI
(Common Language Infrastructure)
Compile
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CIL
Interpret
CLI
CLR
0111001011010
1010111101011
0001011011010
What is C#
Technically, the language CAN be compiled to
machine language in the same way as C or C++,
but not common
Despite its Microsoft roots, C# is legitimately
recognized as an ISO standard language
Thanks to the combined efforts of Microsoft, Intel
and HP
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Where does the name come from?
The C# name was chosen because the musical
notation # tells the reader of the sheet music that
the note is a slightly higher pitch than the root note
(One better than the previous)
In essence, C# has a similar symbolic meaning as
C++
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Language Philosophies
Top down design is for suckers!
Entities do not need to be defined top to bottom as they do in C++
Datatypes are all objects
Each type inherits from the Object class
Supports Boxing and Unboxing
Boxing Allows datatypes to be encapsulated within a generic
datatype
Unboxing Allows a generic datatype to be typecast as a specific
datatype
Namespaces are good for your health
Every class should be encapsulated within a namespace to prevent
conflicts
Assuming (using) namespaces are almost exactly like C++
Application global variables are BAD!!!
All global variables are encapsulated within a class
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
Language Philosophies
We dont need no stinkin class template
Class are written as a single declaration No need for headers and
implementations!
Properties should be simple!
No need for setter / getter methods
Actions can be defined in the property declaration
Documentation should be built-in to the code
Developers can create XML formatted comments, allowing IDEs to
provide instant documentation about methods
Pointers are unsafe
If a pointer must be used it is allocated in a different section of
memory marked as unsafe
Pointer memory is unmanaged (You must clean up after yourself!)
Managed Memory cannot explicitly be deallocated
Handled by the garbage collector
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IDE
Microsoft Visual Studio
Visual C#
MonoDevelop
GUI development uses GTK# (which is GTK+ With
.Net hooks)
GTK GIMP ToolKit
DotGNU
Open Source C# Compiler
There are others!
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
How its Implemented
Application
Command line or GUI program
ASP
Server side scripting
High-end Web Content
Silverlight
Web Services
Provides a SOAP Interface for interacting with remote
applications
Scripting
Used as an embedded language (Sometimes called
CSScript)
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How it Works
Develop Code
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How it Works
Develop Code
csc.exe file.cs
Compile Code to IL
IL
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
How it Works
Develop Code
csc.exe file.cs
Compile Code to IL
Execute Code
0110101011001010010100101101
0101001010110101001010010100
Program.exe
Common Language Runtime
.Net Framework
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
IL
The Goods and the Bads
The Goods
If you come from the C Lineage (especially Java), the
language is easy to learn
Very intuitive Namespace / Object structures
The language specifications allow compilers to run on
pretty much any system (platform independent)
Architecture indifferences are cured by the compiled
Intermediate Language
Its memory management philosophy makes the code
relatively safe to run
Language design provides a very intuitive interface for
autocompleting
Integrated security
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
The Goods and the Bads
The Bads
Very Microsoft Focused
Developers are limited to the language design
Has the ability to stunt the growth of programmers
It is easier for a C/C++ trained developer to migrate to
C#, but very difficult to do the opposite
Due to performance overhead, code runs very slow
(in comparison to compiled languages such as C)
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
The Goods and the Bads
The Bads
Used in Web Development, it really only supports
running on Windows Server IIS web servers
IIS is not typically the fastest web server but is easy
to configure
Generally used in code-behind for ASP.NET web
sites
Mobile development only officially used on Windows
Mobile devices (except Mono on iOS)
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
Our Environment
Operating System
Microsoft Windows
Ubuntu Linux
Framework
Microsoft .Net Framework
Integrated Development Environment
MonoDevelop
Although we will be using a fully loaded IDE, we will
also expose you to the command line compiler
Visual Studio Express
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Quick Warning
We WILL sporadically introduce random classes
throughout our lessons
The .Net Framework is so interconnected that this
is pretty much inevitable
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
Hey Buddy in C#
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
public static void Main()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hey Buddy!");
}
}
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
Hey Buddy in C#
Main Class
The class container for
the Main Method. This
name is arbitrary
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
public static void Main()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hey Buddy!");
}
}
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
Hey Buddy in C#
Main Method
Program entry point. Must be
declared as public and static.
The method must also be called
Main
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
public static void Main()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hey Buddy!");
}
}
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
Hey Buddy in C#
Console Output
The WriteLine method writes a
line of text to STDOUT
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
public static void Main()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hey Buddy!");
}
}
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
Hey Buddy in C#
System
Invoke the System
Namespace.
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
public static void Main()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hey Buddy!");
}
}
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
Hey Buddy in C#
Console
Invoke the Console class
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
public static void Main()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hey Buddy!");
}
}
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
Hey Buddy in C#
WriteLine
Invoke the static WriteLine
method
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
public static void Main()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hey Buddy!");
}
}
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
Hey Buddy in C#
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
public static void Main()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hey Buddy!");
}
}
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
>csc.exe HeyBuddy.cs
Hey Buddy in C#
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
public static void Main()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hey Buddy!");
}
}
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
>csc.exe HeyBuddy.cs
Hey Buddy in C#
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
public static void Main()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hey Buddy!");
}
}
>csc.exe HeyBuddy.cs
>HeyBuddy.exe
Hey Buddy!
>_
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
>csc.exe HeyBuddy.cs
Prerequisites
Programming in C
Introduction to Object Oriented Programming
Programming in C++
Programming in Objective-C (Preferred)
Programming in Java
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Programming in C#
The End?
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
