Introduction to Virtualization
Module 2
2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
Module Lessons
Lesson 1:
Introduction to Virtualization
Lesson 2:
VMware vSphere User Interfaces
Lesson 3:
Overview of ESXi
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Lesson 1:
Introduction to Virtualization
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Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures.
Define a virtual machine.
Describe the benefits of using virtual machines.
Describe how the VMware vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory,
networks, and disks.
Identify the files that comprise a virtual machine.
Describe ESXi architecture.
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Physical Infrastructure
applications
operating system
physical host
Fibre
Channel
Ethernet
iSCSI
storage
NFS
storage
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Network
Fibre Channel
storage
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Virtual Infrastructure
virtual
machines
hypervisor
ESXi host
Fibre
Channel
Ethernet
iSCSI
storage
NFS
storage
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Network
Fibre Channel
storage
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Physical and Virtual Architecture
physical architecture
virtual architecture
application
operating system
VMware vSphere
x86 architecture
x86 architecture
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Why Use Virtual Machines?
Virtual machine
Physical machine
Easy to move and copy:
Difficult to move or copy
Bound to a specific set of
hardware components
Often has a short lifecycle
Easy to manage:
Requires personal contact
to upgrade hardware
Encapsulated into files
Independent of physical hardware
Isolated from other virtual machines
Insulated from hardware changes
Provides the ability to support
legacy applications
Allows servers to be consolidated
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Resource Sharing
VMware vSphere
x86 architecture
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CPU Virtualization
physical architecture
virtual architecture
application
operating system
VMware vSphere
x86 architecture
x86 architecture
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Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage
physical architecture
virtual architecture
application
1GB
2GB
8GB
operating system
VMware vSphere
x86 architecture
x86 architecture
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Physical and Virtual Networking
physical architecture
virtual architecture
application
operating system
virtual switch
x86 architecture
VMware vSphere
x86 architecture
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Physical File Systems and VMware vSphere VMFS
physical architecture
virtual architecture
application
operating system
VMware vSphere
VMware vSphere
x86 architecture
x86 architecture
x86 architecture
NTFS,
ext3, UFS
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VMFS
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Encapsulation
VM 1
VM 2
VM 3
datastore
(VMFS or NFS)
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File System Layouts
VMFS
/
vmfs
Local
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SAN
VM 1
VM 3
VM 2
VM 4
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Virtual Machine Files
Configuration file
Swap files
VM
Folder
BIOS file
Log files
Virtual disk files
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Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to do the following:
Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures.
Define a virtual machine.
Describe the benefits of using virtual machines.
Describe how the VMware vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory,
networks, and disks.
Identify the files that comprise a virtual machine.
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Lesson 2:
VMware vSphere User Interfaces
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Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Download and install the VMware vSphere Client.
Use the vSphere Client remotely connect to an ESXi host.
View or configure ESXi settings:
Processor and memory configuration
ESXi system logs
Licensed Features
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User Interfaces
ESXi
host
vSphere Client
vCenter
Server
Your
desktop
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Web Client
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Downloading the vSphere Client
vSphere Client is an
interface used to connect
remotely to VMware
vCenter Server from a
Windows system.
Point to the
vCenter Server or
ESXi host.
You can download the
vSphere Client in two
ways :
Use the VMware
Infrastructure
Management Installer.
Download the client
from the vCenter Server
system or an ESXi host.
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Download the vSphere
Client to a supported
Windows system.
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Using the vSphere Client
The vSphere Client is an
interface used to remotely
connect to an ESXi host
or a vCenter Server from a
Windows PC.
On the vSphere Client
login screen, enter:
Host name or IP
address of ESXi host or
vCenter Server
User name
Password for that user
(Optional) Use your
Windows session
credentials.
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vSphere Client: Configuration Tab
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Viewing Processor and Memory Configuration
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Viewing ESXi System Logs
Use the vSphere
Client to view logs.
Export system
logs to an archive
file.
Send to VMware
Support.
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Viewing Licensed Features
Before purchasing
licenses, you can install
ESXi in evaluation
mode:
Intended for
demonstration and
evaluation purposes
Allows software to be
completely operational
immediately after
installation
Does not require any
licensing configuration
Provides full
functionality for 60
days
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Lab 1
In this lab, you will install and use vSphere Client and the vSphere
Web Client application.
1. Access your student desktop system
2. Install vSphere Client
3. Install the vSphere Web Client application
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Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to do the following:
Download and install the VMware vSphere Client.
Use the vSphere Client remotely connect to an ESXi host.
View or configure ESXi settings:
Processor and memory configuration
ESXi system logs
Licensed Features
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Lesson 3:
Overview of ESXi
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Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Describe ESXi architecture.
Configure ESXi settings:
Networking
Licensing
NTP client
DNS and routing
Security profile
Identify user account best practices.
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VMware ESXi
Available for purchase with vSphere 5 or a free version can be
downloaded
High-security
Memory Hardening
Kernel Module Integrity
Trusted Platform Module
Small disk footprint
Can be installed on hard disks, SAN LUNs, USB devices, SD cards, or
directly into memory
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ESXi Architecture
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Configuring ESXi
The Direct Console User Interface (DCUI) is similar to the BIOS
of a computer with a keyboard-only user interface.
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Configuring ESXi: root Access
The DCUI allows an administrator to:
Set a root password (complex passwords only)
Enable or disable lockdown mode (to prevent user access to host as
root)
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Configuring ESXi: Management Network
The DCUI allows you to modify network settings:
Host name
IP configuration (IP address, subnet mask, default gateway)
DNS servers
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Configuring ESXi: Other Settings
The DCUI allows an administrator to:
Configure keyboard layout
View support information
View system logs
Enable troubleshooting services, when required
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ESXi as an NTP Client
Network Time Protocol (NTP) is
a client-server protocol used to
synchronize a computers clock
to a time reference.
NTP
server
NTP
server
NTP is important:
For accurate performance
graphs
For accurate time stamps in
log messages
So that virtual machines have
a source to synchronize with
NTP
client
An ESXi host can be configured
as an NTP client.
It can synchronize time with an
NTP server on the Internet or
your corporate NTP server.
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NTP
server
ESXi
host
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Network Settings: DNS and Routing
The DNS and Routing
link allows you to
change:
Host name and
domain
DNS server
addresses and
search domains
Default VMkernel
gateway
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ESXi User Account Best Practices
You should implement the following user account best
practices:
Strictly control root privileges to the ESXi host.
Use the vSphere Client to manage the ESXi host.
Ideally, use vCenter Server and thus vCenter Server user
accounts to manage hosts.
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Lab 2
In this lab, you will configure the ESXi host.
1. Connect to an ESXi host with the vSphere Client.
2. View host hardware configuration.
3. Configure DNS and routing information for an ESXi host.
4. Configure the ESXi host as an NTP client.
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Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to do the following:
Describe ESXi architecture.
Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host.
View ESXi settings:
Processor and memory configuration
Licensing
NTP client
DNS and routing
Security profile
Identify user account best practices.
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Key Points
Using virtual machines solves many datacenter problems.
Virtual machines are hardware independent.
Virtual machines share the physical resources of the ESXi host on
which they reside.
A virtual machine is a set of files that are easy transfer and backup.
Virtual machine files are encapsulated into a folder and placed on a
datastore.
ESXi runs directly on the host.
VMware vSphere abstracts CPU, memory, storage, and networking for
virtual machine use.
Questions?
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