PROCESS SAFETY EVENTS2011 & 2012 DATA

Report No. 2012p

(December 2013)

OGP DATA SERIES

International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

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Process safety events2011 & 2012 data

Report No: 2012p

December 2013

Revision history
Version

Date

Amendments

December 2013

First issued

International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

ii

OGP

Process safety events 2011 & 2012 data

Executive summary
OGP published Report No. 456 Process SafetyRecommended
Practice on Key Performance Indicators (KPI) in November
2011 to provide KPI guidance to upstream companies for
managing process safety hazards and risks and to prevent
unplanned and uncontrolled loss of containment of materials.
The Process Safety Event (PSE) data presented in this report are
based on voluntary submissions from participating OGP member
companies. These data are not representative of the entire
upstream oil and gas industry. Also, since this is the first PSE
report published by OGP, readers are cautioned to not attempt to
identify trends at this point. This report is a first step in making
PSE data and associated KPIs available to all stakeholders.
OGP started a pilot process of data collection in 2010, and data
from 2011 onwards are published in this report. Collection of
data has progressed with the number of companies reporting
increasing from 24 in 2011 to 33 in 2012. More OGP member
companies are expected to contribute in the future and this will
provide better depth and insight into process safety performance.
The data presented are based on the number of Tier 1 and Tier
2 PSE reported by participating OGP member companies,
separately for:
onshore and offshore
drilling and production
activities
consequences
material released

The data have been globally normalized against work hours

associated with process safety events to provide respective
PSE rates.
The following graph shows the overall Tier 1 and Tier 2
PSE rates.
Process safety events per million work hours
Tier 1 and Tier 2

1.2

Tier 1
Tier 2

1.0
0.8

0.8
0.6
0.4

0.5
0.4
0.2

0.2
0.0

2011

2012

The number of PSE with fatal consequences was 5 for 2011 and
6 for 2012. Descriptions and lessons learned for events that
had fatal consequences for company or contractor employees
are contained in OGP reports 2012sFIR and 2011sFIR, Safety
Performance Indicators Fatal incident descriptions.

OGP

iii

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Process safety events 2011 & 2012 data

Contents
Executive summary

iii

1.Introduction 1
Data collection
Normalisation
Database dimensions

4
4
4

2. Overall results

Sabotage/willful damage

3. Results onshore and offshore

4. Results by function

Drilling 7
Production 7

5. Production results by activity

6. Results by consequence

10

7. Results by material released

12

APPENDIX A

A-1

Contributing OGP Members

A-1

APPENDIX B

B-1

Glossary of terms

B-1

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Process safety events 2011 & 2012 data

1.Introduction
In response to a number of major incidents, the downstream oil
industry identified opportunities to improve Key Performance
Indicators (KPIs) in order to more proactively identify and
address weaknesses in risk controls (barriers). Recommendations
provided by organizations such as UK Health & Safety Executive
(UK HSE), the US Chemical Safety Board and the Independent
Baker Panel, reinforced the pressing need for improved asset
integrity/process safety KPIs. This resulted in significant efforts
by the American Petroleum Institute (API), the Center for
Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) and others, to develop and
publish guidance on KPIs for companies to manage process plant
risks and prevent unplanned or uncontrolled loss of hazardous
materials.
In April 2010, the American Petroleum Institute (API)
published the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Recommended Practice (RP) Number 754 on Process Safety
Performance Indicators for the Refining and Petrochemical
Industries, referred to here as RP 754. This document was based
on previously published guidance on metrics from both API
and the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) which was
further developed using a multi-stakeholder process. RP 754 is
being widely implemented globally in the downstream oil and
gas industry.

Process safety

Process safety is a disciplined framework for

managing the integrity of operating systems
and processes handling hazardous substances by
applying good design principles, engineering, and
operating and maintenance practices.It deals with
the prevention and control of incidents that have the
potential to release hazardous materials and energy.
Such incidents can result in toxic effects, fires or
explosions, and could ultimately result in fatalities,
injuries, property damage, loss of production or
environmental damage.
Major incident

An incident that has resulted in multiple fatalities

and/or serious damage, possibly beyond the asset
itself. Typically initiated by a hazardous release, but
may also include major structural failure or loss of
stability that has caused serious damage to an asset.

Figure 1: Process Safety Indicator Pyramid

(from API RP 754 and OGP 456)

rs

API RP 754, and OGP 456, recommend a four-tier framework

of KPIs illustrated in Figure 1. Tiers 1 and 2 are predominantly
lagging indicators related to Loss of Primary Containment
(LOPC) referred to as a Process Safety Events (PSE). The Tier
1 KPI defines events with greater consequence and is the most
lagging performance indicator within the four tier approach as
shown in Figure 1 below. The Tier 2 KPI defines incidents with
a lesser consequence.

cato
indi

Tier 1
LOPC events of
greater consequence

ging

Lag

As RP 754 was written for downstream activities, OGP

recognised the need to provide further guidance on application
for upstream activities. OGP published Report No. 456 Process
Safety Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators
in November 2011. This OGP document builds on the
framework and definitions included in the API Recommended
Practice (RP 754), with specific emphasis on their application
to upstream oil and gas activities.

Key definitions

Tier 2
Lea
ding

LOPC events of
lesser consequence

rs
ato

c
indi

Tier 3
Challenges to safety systems

Tier 4
Operating discipline & management system performance indicators

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The API RP754 Tier 1 and Tier 2 KPI definitions and

thresholds have been adopted by OGP with the intent that both
indicators are applied across production and drilling operations
for the industry worldwide. The Tier 1 and Tier 2 KPIs include
LOPC incidents that are reportable as Process Safety Events
(PSEs) if the incident results in any of the consequences stated
in API RP754, as shown in Table 1 below. Tier 2 PSEs, even
those that have been contained by secondary systems, indicate
barrier system weaknesses that may be potential precursors of
future, more significant incidents.
The definitions refer to material release threshold quantities,
which are published in Appendix B of OGP Report No. 456.

Key definitions
Primary containment

The vessel, pipe, barrel, equipment or other barrier

that is designed to keep material within it.
Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC)

An unplanned or uncontrolled release of any

material from primary containment, including
non-toxic and non-flammable materials (e.g., steam,
nitrogen, carbon dioxide or compressed air).
Process Safety Event (PSE)

An unplanned or uncontrolled LOPC of any

material including non-toxic and non-flammable
materials (e.g. steam, hot condensate, nitrogen,
compressed CO2 or compressed air) from a process,
or an undesired event or condition that under
slightly different circumstances, could have resulted
in LOPC.
Secondary Containment

Primary containers may be designed with secondary

containment systems to contain and control the
release. Secondary containment systems include,
but are not limited to, tank dykes, curbing around
process equipment, drainage collection systems
into segregated oily drain systems, the outer wall of
double walled tanks etc.

OGP

Process safety events 2011 & 2012 data

Table 1: Tier 1 and Tier 2 process safety event definitions and thresholds (from OGP Report 456)
Tier 1 Indicator definition and consequences

A Tier 1 Process Safety Event (PSE) is a loss of primary containment (LOPC) with the greatest consequence as
defined by OGP report 456. A Tier 1 PSE is an unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material, including
non-toxic and non-flammable materials (e.g., steam, hot condensate, nitrogen, compressed CO2 or compressed
air), from a process that results in one or more of the consequences listed below:
An employee, contractor or subcontractor days away from work injury and/or fatality *;
A hospital admission and/or fatality of a third-party;
An officially declared community evacuation or community shelter-in-place;
A fire or explosion resulting in greater than or equal to $25,000 of direct cost to the Company;
A Pressure Relief Device (PRD) discharge to atmosphere whether directly or via a downstream destructive
device that results in one or more of the following four consequences:
liquid carryover;
discharge to a potentially unsafe location;
an onsite shelter-in-place;
public protective measures (e.g., road closure);
and a PRD discharge quantity greater than the threshold quantities in Appendix B of report 456 in any
one-hour; or
A release of material greater than the threshold quantities described in Appendix B of report 456 in any
one-hour period.
*Note: days away from work injury should be taken to be the same as the OGP defined Lost Work Day
Case (LWDC).
Tier 2 Indicator definition and consequences

A Tier 2 Process Safety Event (PSE) is a LOPC with lesser consequence.A Tier 2 PSE is an unplanned or uncontrolled
release of any material, including non-toxic and non-flammable materials** (e.g., steam, hot condensate, nitrogen,
compressed CO2 or compressed air), from a process that results in one or more of the consequences listed below
and is not reported in Tier 1:
An employee, contractor or subcontractor recordable injury;
A fire or explosion resulting in greater than or equal to $2,500 of direct cost to the Company;
A pressure relief device (PRD) discharge to atmosphere whether directly or via a downstream destructive
device that results in one or more of the following four consequences:
liquid carryover;
discharge to a potentially unsafe location;
an onsite shelter-in-place;
public protective measures (e.g., road closure);
and a PRD discharge quantity greater than the threshold quantity in Appendix B of report 456 in any
one-hour period; or
A release of material greater than the threshold quantities described in Appendix B of report 456 in any
one-hour period.
**Note: Non-toxic and non-flammable materials (e.g., steam, hot water, nitrogen, compressed CO2 or compressed
air) have no threshold quantities and are only included in this definition as a result of their potential to result
in one of the other consequences.

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Data collection
OGP started a pilot process of data collection in 2010 to
determine the feasibility of data collection and define the metrics
to be requested. Companies that were active participants in the
OGP Asset Integrity Task Force provided historic lagging KPI
data for the years 2008 and 2009. This trial data were collected
from the participating companies and analysed to determine
how the KPIs used in the downstream industry (as per API RP
754) could be defined for the upstream oil and gas industry.
A formal process safety event data collection request was issued
to OGP member companies for 2010, 2011 and 2012 data,
based on the pilot study. Due to data quality issues only data
from 2011 onwards are published.
The aim was to collect both Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE data from
member companies using the PSE data submission form. Two
of the tables in the form request additional PSE data about the
material released and the operational activities. The first data

table requests the number of offshore or onshore Tier 1 PSE

for both drilling and production. The table also requests that
companies report the consequences relating to their Tier 1 PSE.
Note that a single PSE can result in multiple consequences, so
the total number of consequences reported will equal or exceed
the total number of PSEs.
In addition to reporting an injury or fatality as a consequence,
OGP member companies were requested to report data on
fatalities that resulted from PSE, i.e. the number of PSE that
resulted in one or more fatalities, as well as the actual number of
fatalities (employees and contractors, or third parties).
Data submissions will mature in total work hour coverage with
successive years of reporting from 2011 onwards. It is hoped
that future process safety event reporting will emulate the
extent of personal safety reporting.

Normalisation
Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE have been normalised against work
hours associated with process safety events using the following
formula for the PSE rate (refer to section 3.3 of OGP Report
456 for further information). Note data are only included for
normalised results where both work hours and process safety
event data are reported for the data set and work function.

Database dimensions
The PSE data collected by OGP are based on the number of
Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE reported by companies, separately for
drilling and production activities and sub-divided into offshore
and onshore data.
For the purposes of the process safety event database, the
drilling and production work hours from the OGP safety
performance database are used.

OGP

PSER =

Total PSE Count

Total Hours Worked (for drilling and production activities)

x 1 000 000

Process safety events 2011 & 2012 data

2. Overall results
The normalised rates and total number of Tier 1 and Tier 2
process safety events reported for 2011 and 2012 are shown in
Figure 2 and Table 2, respectively. The data include onshore and
offshore activities related to production and drilling operations.
24 companies contributed PSE data in 2011 and 33 companies
contributed PSE data in 2012. This is in comparison to 45
companies contributing to the safety performance indicators
database in 2011 and 49 in 2012.

Tier 1
Tier 2

1.0
0.8

0.8
0.6
0.4

2012

Tier 1 PSE

340

242

Tier 2 PSE

606

638

Tier 1 PSE

307

227

Tier 2 PSE

585

582

Number of PSE

Number of PSE for normalised results*

In 2011 reported PSE represented approximately 39% of the

drilling and production work hours in the entire 2011 OGP
safety database (i.e. out of 1851 million hours). In 2012
reported PSE represented approximately 59% of the drilling
and production work hours in the entire 2012 OGP safety
database (i.e. out of 1893 million hours).

0.5
0.4
0.2

0.2
0.0

2011

*Excludes PSE where no related drilling or production work hours were reported

Figure 2: Process safety events per million work hours

Tier 1 and Tier 2

1.2

Table 2: Number of reported PSE

2011

2012

Sabotage/willful damage
Process safety events as a result of sabotage or wilful damage
were reported for 2011 and 2012, but not included in the PSE
totals or normalized rates since they are a specific subset of PSE
with unique barriers and controls.
In 2011, 21 Tier 1 and 14 Tier 2 PSE related to sabotage or
wilful damage were reported. In 2012, 87 Tier 1 and 51 Tier
2 PSE related to sabotage or wilful damage were reported.
All occurred onshore and were associated with production
operations. Nine of the reported Tier 1 PSEs in 2012 resulted
in fire/explosion. None of the sabotage/wilful damage PSE
reported involved fatalities in 2011 or 2012.

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3. Results onshore and offshore

The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented in Figure 3 and Tables
3 and 4 below, represent production and drilling PSEs and
associated work hours.

Table 3: Number of PSE onshore and offshore

2011

2012

Tier 1

Tier 2

Tier 1

Tier 2

Onshore

280

432

185

469

Offshore

60

174

57

169

Number of PSE

Figure 3: Process safety events per million work hours

Tier 1 and Tier 2, onshore and offshore
1.2
1.0
0.8

0.8
0.6

Number of PSE for normalised results*

Tier 2

Onshore

247

414

174

416

Offshore

60

171

53

166

0.8

*Excludes PSE where no related drilling or production work hours were reported

0.6

Table 4: Number of work hours onshore and offshore (millions)

0.5
0.4

0.4

2011

0.3

Tier 1

0.2

0.2
0.0

Tier 1

Offshore
(2011)

Onshore
(2012)

Tier 2

Tier 1

Tier 2

Number of work hours (millions)*

0.1
Onshore
(2011)

2012

Offshore
(2012)

Onshore

529

506

733

693

Offshore

195

217

390

407

*Tier 1 work hours includes drilling and production work hours where Tier 1 PSE
data were reported (even if zero). Tier 2 work hours includes drilling and
production work hours where Tier 2 PSE data were reported (even if zero).

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Process safety events 2011 & 2012 data

4. Results by function
Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented include both onshore and
offshore combined. The normalised data presented only include
PSEs where drilling or production work hours were reported
for the data set in the main safety database, hence some PSE
have been excluded.

Drilling
Figure 4: Drilling PSE per million work hours
Tier 1 and Tier 2, onshore and offshore
1.2

Tier 1
Tier 2

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.42
0.4
0.2
0.0

0.25

0.31

0.31

0.21

0.09

0.08

0.03

Onshore
(2011)

Offshore
(2011)

0.23

0.18

0.12

Overall
(2011)

Onshore
(2012)

0.05

Offshore
(2012)

Overall
(2012)

2011 process safety events relating to drilling activities represent

approximately 27% of all drilling hours in the main OGP
safety database. 2012 process safety events relating to drilling
activities represent approximately 43% of all drilling hours in
the OGP safety database.

Production
Figure 5: Production PSE per million work hours
Tier 1 and Tier 2, onshore and offshore
1.2

Tier 1
0.98

1.0

Tier 2

0.97

0.94

0.74

0.8
0.6

0.64

0.58

0.52
0.34

0.4

0.45
0.30

0.2
0.0

0.26
0.16

Onshore
(2011)

Offshore
(2011)

Overall
(2011)

Onshore
(2012)

Offshore
(2012)

Overall
(2012)

2011 process safety events relating to production activities

represent approximately 46% of all production hours in the
OGP safety database. 2012 process safety events relating
to production activities represent approximately 68% of all
production hours in the OGP safety database.

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The normalised data presented only include PSE where drilling

or production work hours were reported for the data set in the
main safety database, hence some PSE have been excluded.
Figures 4 and 5 are based on the numbers of PSE and work
hours shown in Tables 5-7 below.
Table 5: Number of PSE by function
2011
Tier 1

2012
Tier 2

Tier 1

Tier 2

Number of PSE for normalised results*

Drilling
Production

21

55

14

69

286

530

213

513

*Excludes PSE where no related drilling or production work hours were reported

Table 6: Related work hours (millions)Drilling

2011

2012

Hours with related Tier 1 PSE data

171

288

Onshore hours with related Tier 1 PSE data

123

183

Offshore hours with related Tier 1 PSE data

47

105

Hours with related Tier 2 PSE data

177

296

Onshore hours with related Tier 2 PSE data

115

177

Offshore hours with related Tier 2 PSE data

62

119

2011

2012

Work hours with related Tier 1 PSE data

552

835

Onshore work hours with related Tier 1 PSE data

405

551

Offshore work hours with related Tier 1 PSE data

147

284

Hours with related Tier 2 PSE data

546

804

Onshore work hours with related Tier 2 PSE data

391

516

Offshore work hours with related Tier 2 PSE data

155

288

Table 7: Related work hours (millions)Production

OGP

Process safety events 2011 & 2012 data

5. Production results by activity

The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented in Figure 6 represent
both onshore and offshore and are broken down by activity,
i.e. whether the event occurred during normal operations,
start-up or shut-down. For both years and tiers of event, 22-25%
of events were not classified by activity (unspecified activity).

Drilling results are not split by activity, since this would not be
meaningful.
Note: Other is the category used to specify where the event could
not be classified under any of the other headings (start up, normal
operations or shut down).

Figure 6: Number of production PSE by activity

Tier 1 and Tier 2, 2011 and 2012
Production PSE by Activity
Tier 1 2011

Other 2%

Unspecified
25%

Shut Down 2%

Production PSE by activity

Tier 1 2012

Shut Down 1%

Unspecified
22%

Other 2%

Normal
operations
67%

Normal
operations
70%

Start Up 5%

Start Up 4%

Production PSE by activity

Tier 2 2011

Other 2%

Production PSE by activity

Tier 2 2012

Unspecified
24%

Other 1%
Normal
operations
69%

Shut Down 2%
Start Up 3%

Shut Down 2%
Start Up 3%

Unspecified
24%
Normal
operations
70%

Table 8: Number of production PSE by activity

2011
Tier

Normal
Operations

Start Up

Shut Down

Other

Total

Tier 1

212

13

238

Tier 2

377

15

12

12

416

Normal
Operations

Start Up

Shut Down

Other

Total

Tier 1

159

10

176

Tier 2

399

15

12

432

2012
Tier

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6. Results by consequence
The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented include both onshore and
offshore, and production and drilling, combined. More than
one consequence can be associated with each reported process
safety event. The consequence classifications are listed in the
tables below.
Table 9: Consequence classifications (Reference OGP Report 456)

Table B-1 (of 6): Thresholds for LOPC resulting in actual harm or damage
LOPC or PRD discharge is recordable as
a PSE when it results in one or more of the
consequences in this table (irrespective of
the amount of material released)

PSE Level
Tier 1

Tier 2

Injury to Employee or Contractor

Fatality and/or Lost Workday Case

(days away from work or LTI)

Recordable occupational injury

(restricted work case or medical
treatment case)

Injury to Third Party

Fatality, or injury/illness that results in

a hospital admission

None

Impact to the Community

Officially declared community

evacuation or community shelterin-place

None

Fire or Explosion

Fire or Explosion resulting in greater

than or equal to $25,000 of direct
cost to the Company

Fire or Explosion resulting in

greater than or equal to $2,500
of direct cost to the Company

Table B-2 (of 6): Thresholds for LOPC resulting in actual harm or damage
LOPC is recordable as a PSE, even when
no serious harm or damage results, if the
amount of material released exceeds
specified thresholds
An LOPC release of a gas or liquid
exceeds the material release threshold
quantities in any one hour period

PSE Level
Tier 1

Tier 2

See Tables B4, 5 or 6 (OGP Report

No. 456) for Tier 1 threshold
quantities

See Tables B4, 5 or 6 (OGP

Report No. 456) for Tier 2
threshold quantities

Table B-3 (of 6): Thresholds for LOPC resulting in actual harm or damage
A PRD discharge event is recordable as a
PSE if it results in serious harm or
damage, or exceeds the material release
threshold quantities while resulting in any
of four listed criteria

A pressure relief device (PRD) discharges

either directly to atmosphere or to a
destructive device (e.g. flare, scrubber)

10

PSE Level
Tier 1

Tier 2

Event results in a Tier 1 PSE if the

consequence is listed in Table B1,
regardless of the quantity released, or

Event results in a Tier 2 PSE if the

consequence is listed in Table B1,
regardless of the quantity released, or

Event results in a:

Event results in a:

liquid carryover, or

liquid carryover, or

discharge to a potentially
hazardous location, or

discharge to a potentially
hazardous location, or

on-site shelter in place, or

on-site shelter in place, or

public protective measures,

and quantity discharged equals or
exceeds any Tier 1 threshold in Tables
B4, 5 or 6 (OGP Report No. 456)

public protective measures,

and quantity discharged equals or
exceeds any Tier 1 threshold in Tables
B4, 5 or 6 (OGP Report No. 456)

OGP

Process safety events 2011 & 2012 data

Reference is made to OGP Report 456, Process safety

recommended practice on key performance indicators, for further
information and threshold tables.
Information was provided on the consequence of individual
events for nearly 100% of Tier 1 PSE reported for 2011 and
2012, but 18% of the consequences allocated for 2011 events,
and 16% of the 2012, were categorised as unspecified.
For 2011, 5 of the 19 PSE with injury as a consequence reported
resulted in a fatal incident, and were the cause of 8 employee or
contractor fatalities.
For 2012, 6 of the 24 PSE with injury as a consequence reported
resulted in a fatal incident, and were the cause of 39 employee
or contractor fatalities1.
The tables below show the number of consequences assigned
for the Tier 1 process safety events by consequence. A single
PSE can result in multiple consequences, so the total number
of consequences reported will equal or exceed the total number
of PSEs.
Table 10: Consequences assigned to PSE -Tier 1
Year

Fatality or
LWDC

3rd Party
Hospitalization
or Fatality

Community
Evacuation

Fire Or
Explosion

PRD
Discharges

Material
Release

Unspecified

2011

19

28

296

80

2012

24

33

32

179

52

Tier 1

Information was provided on the consequence of individual

events for nearly 100% of Tier 2 PSE reported for 2011 and
2012.
Table 11: Consequences assigned to PSE -Tier 2
Year

Fire Or
Explosion

PRD
Discharges

Material
Release

Unspecified

Tier 1

2011

20

14

542

40

2012

30

49

546

20

Includes a single incident in which 31 people lost their lives

OGP

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7. Results by material released

The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data split by material released, represent
both onshore and offshore, and production and drilling,
combined. For both years and tiers of event, 24-30% of events
were not classified by activity (unspecified activity).
Figure 7: PSE by material released
Tier 1 and Tier 2, 2011 and 2012
PSE by material released
Tier 1 2011
Other gases or liquids 3%

Unspecified
24%

PSE by material released

Tier 1 2012
Toxics 3%

Hazardous
liquid
44%

Flammable gas
26%

Flammable gas
26%

Flammable gas
19%

PSE by material released

Tier 2 2012
Toxics 3%

Toxics 1%

Other gases or liquids 5%

Unspecified
30%

Hazardous
liquid
47%

Unspecified
27%

12

Hazardous
liquid
32%

Unspecified
28%

PSE by material released

Tier 2 2011
Other gases or liquids 4%

Toxics 5%

Other gases or liquids 9%

Hazardous
liquid
32%

Flammable gas
32%

OGP

Process safety events 2011 & 2012 data

APPENDIX A
Contributing OGP Members
These statistics were derived from data provided by the
following companies
2011

2012

ADNOC

ADDAX

BG Group

ADNOC

BHP

BG Group

BP

BHP

Chevron

BP

ConocoPhillips

Cairn Energy

DONG E&P

Chevron

ExxonMobil

CNOOC

INPEX

ConocoPhillips

Kuwait Oil Company

Dolphin Energy

MOL

E.ON

NCOC (North Caspian Operating Co.)

ExxonMobil

OMV

Hess Corporation

Pan American Energy

INPEX

Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd

KOSMOS

Rasgas

Kuwait Oil Company

Repsol

Mesk Oil

Shell Companies

Marathon

Statoil

Nexen Inc

Suncor

OMV

Total

Pan American Energy

Wintershall

PEMEX

Woodside

Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd

Yemen LNG

Premier Oil
PTTEP
Rasgas
Shell Companies
Statoil
Suncor
Total
Wintershall
Woodside
Yemen LNG

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International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

APPENDIX B
Glossary of terms
Assault and violent act (as an incident/
event category)

Contractor employee

Intentional attempt, threat or act of bodily injury by a person or

person(s) or by violent harmful actions of unknown intent,
includes intentional acts of damage to property.

Caught in, under or between (as an incident/

event category)
Injury where injured person is crushed or similarly injured
between machinery moving parts or other objects, caught
between rolling tubulars or objects being moved, crushed
between a ship and a dock, or similar incidents. Also includes
vehicle incidents involving a rollover.

Company employee
Any person employed by and on the payroll of the reporting
Company, including corporate and management personnel
specifically involved in E&P. Persons employed under shortservice contracts are included as Company employees provided
they are paid directly by the Company.

Confined space (as an incident/

event category)
Spaces that are considered confined because their
configurations hinder the activities of employee who must enter,
work in, and exit them. Confined spaces include, but are not
limited to underground vaults, tanks, storage bins, manholes,
pits, silos, process vessels and pipelines.

Construction (as a work function)

Major construction, fabrication activities and also disassembly,
removal and disposal (decommissioning) at the end of the
facility life. Includes construction of process plant, yard
construction of structures, offshore installation, hook-up and
commissioning, and removal of redundant process facilities.

Construction, commissioning,
decommissioning (as a type of activity)
Activities involving the construction, fabrication and
installation of equipment, facilities or plant, testing activities to
verify design objectives or specification, and also disassembly,
removal and disposal (decommissioning) at the end of the
facility life.

Contractor
A Contractor is defined as an individual or organisation
performing work for the reporting company, following
verbal or written agreement. Sub-contractor is synonymous
with Contractor.

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OGP

Any person employed by a Contractor or Contractors SubContractor(s) who is directly involved in execution of prescribed
work under a contract with the reporting Company.

Cut, puncture, scrape (as an incident/

event category)
Abrasions, scratches and wounds that penetrate the skin.

Diving Operations
The personnel, equipment and management systems to support a
person who dives. A person Dives if he enters water or any
other liquid, or a chamber in which he is subject to pressure
greater than 100 millibars above atmospheric pressure: and in
order to survive in such an environment he breathes air or other
gas at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. Or for such a
purpose uses a vehicle, capsule or suit where a sealed internal
atmospheric pressure is maintained and where the external
pressure differential is greater than 100 millibars.

Diving, subsea, ROV (as a type of activity)

Operations involving diving (see definition for diving
operations), subsea equipment or activities and/or operations
involving underwater remotely operated vehicles (ROV).

Drilling (as a work function)

All exploration, appraisal and production drilling and workover
as well as their administrative, engineering, construction,
materials supply and transportation aspects. It includes site
preparation, rigging up and down and restoration of the drilling
site upon work completion. Drilling includes ALL exploration,
appraisal and production drilling.

Drilling/workover/well services (as a type of

activity)
Activities involving the development, maintenance work or
remedial treatments related to an oil or gas well.

Event
An unplanned or uncontrolled outcome of a business operation
or activity that has or could have contributed to an injury,
illness, physical or environmental damage.

Exploration (as a work function)

Geophysical, seismographic and geological operations, including
their administrative and engineering aspects, construction,
maintenance, materials supply, and transportation of personnel
and equipment; excludes drilling.

Process safety events 2011 & 2012 data

Explosion or Burn (as an incident/event

category)
Burns or other effects of fires, explosions and extremes of
temperature. Explosion means a rapid combustion, not an
overpressure.

Exposure: Electrical (as an incident/event

category)
Exposure to electrical shock or electrical burns etc.

Exposure: Noise, Chemical, Biological,

Vibration (as an incident/event category)
Exposure to noise, chemical substances (including asphyxiation
due to lack of oxygen not associated with a confined space),
hazardous biological material, vibration or radiation.

Falls from height (as an incident/event

category)

Incident
An unplanned or uncontrolled Event or chain of Events that has
resulted in at least one fatality, recordable injury or illness, or
physical or environmental damage.

Lifting, crane, rigging, deck operations (as a

type of activity)
Activities related to the use of mechanical lifting and hoisting
equipment, assembling and dis-assembling drilling rig
equipment and drill pipe handling on the rig floor.

Key Performance Indicators (KPI)

In this report, these include: number of fatalities, fatal
accident and incident rates, lost time injury frequency, restricted
work day case + lost time injury frequency and total recordable
injury rate.

Lost time injury (LTI)

A person falls from one level to another.

A fatality or lost work day case. The number of LTIs is the sum
of fatalities and lost work day cases.

Fatal accident rate (FAR)

Lost time injury frequency (LTIF)

The number of company/contractor fatalities per 100,000,000

(100 million) hours worked.

The number of lost time injuries (fatalities + lost work day cases)
incidents per 1,000,000 hours worked.

Fatality

Lost work day case (LWDC)

Cases that involve one or more people who died as a result of a

work-related incident or occupational illness.

Any work related injury other than a fatal injury which results
in a person being unfit for work on any day after the day of
occurrence of the occupational injury. Any day includes rest
days, weekend days, leave days, public holidays or days after
ceasing employment.

First aid case

Cases that are not sufficiently serious to be reported as
medical treatment or more serious cases but nevertheless require
minor first aid treatment, e.g. dressing on a minor cut, removal
of a splinter from a finger. First aid cases are not recordable
incidents.

High potential event

Any incident or near miss that could have realistically resulted
in one or more fatalities.

Hours worked
The actual hours worked, including overtime hours, are
recorded in the case of onshore operations. The hours worked by
an individual will generally be about 2,000 per year. For offshore
workers, the hours worked are calculated on a 12 hour work
day. Consequently, average hours worked per year will vary from
1,600 to 2,300 hours per person depending upon the on/off
shift ratio. Vacations and leaves are excluded.

Hours worked in year (000s)

Hours are rounded to the nearest thousand.

LWDC severity
The average number of lost days per lost work day case.

Maintenance, inspection and testing (as a

type of activity)
Activities related to preserving, repairing, examining and
function testing assets, equipment, plant or facilities.

Medical cause of death

This is the cause of death given on the death certificate.
Where two types of causes are provided, such as pulmonary
oedema caused by inhalation of hot gases from a fire, both
are recorded.

Medical treatment case (MTC)

Cases that are not severe enough to be reported as fatalities or
lost work day cases or restricted work day cases but are more
severe than requiring simple first aid treatment.

Near miss
An unplanned or uncontrolled event or chain of events that has
not resulted in recordable injury, illness, physical or environmental
damage but had the potential to do so in other circumstances.

OGP

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International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

Number of days unfit for work

The sum total of calendar days (consecutive or otherwise) after
the days of the occupational injuries on which the employees
involved were unfit for work and did not work.

Number of employees

Failure of or release of gas, liquid or object from a

pressurised system.

Process Safety Event

Average number of full-time and part-time employees involved

in exploration & production, calculated on a full-time basis,
during the reporting year.

Number of fatalities
The total number of Companys employees and or Contractors
employees who died as a result of an incident. Delayed deaths
that occur after the incident are included if the deaths were a
direct result of the incident. For example, if a fire killed one
person outright, and a second died three weeks later from lung
damage caused by the fire, both are reported.

Occupational injury
Any injury such as a cut, fracture, sprain, amputation, etc., or
any fatality, which results from a work-related activity or from
an exposure involving a single incident in the work environment,
such as deafness from explosion, one-time chemical exposure,
back disorder from a slip / trip, insect or snake bite.

Office, warehouse, accommodation, catering

(as a type of activity)
Activities related to work conducted in offices, warehouses,
workshops, accommodation and catering facilities.

Offshore work
All activities and operations that take place at sea, including
activities in bays, in major inland seas such as the Caspian Sea,
or in other inland seas directly connected to oceans. Incidents
including transportation of people and equipment from shore to
the offshore location, either by vessel or helicopter, should be
recorded as offshore.

Onshore work

A process safety event, which can also be referred to as an asset

integrity event, is a Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) and
is recordable if:
the consequence was a reportable employee or contractor
injury or fatality, a third party hospital admission or fatality,
a community or site evacuation or a fire / explosion; or
a pressure relief device discharge or material release occurs
which exceeded defined thresholds (even if none of the
consequences above occurred)
as specified within OGP report 456, Process safety
recommended practice on key performance indicators which
provides consequence and threshold definitions consistent
with API Recommended Practice No.754 http://www.ogp.
org.uk/pubs/456.pdf, the supplement to this report provides
Process Safety Upstream PSE examples http://www.ogp.org.uk/
pubs/456supp.pdf.

Production (as a work function)

Petroleum and natural gas producing operations, including their
administrative and engineering aspects, minor construction,
repairs, maintenance and servicing, materials supply, and
transportation of personnel and equipment. It covers all
mainstream production operations including wireline. Gas
processing activities with the primary intent of producing gas
liquids for sale including;
work on production wells under pressure
oil (including condensates) and gas extraction and separation
(primary production)
heavy oil production where it is inseparable from upstream
(i.e. stream assisted gravity drainage) production
primary oil processing (water separation, stabilisation)

All activities and operations that take place within a landmass,

including those on swamps, rivers and lakes. Land-to-land
aircraft operations are counted as onshore, even though flights
are over water.

Other (as an incident/event category)

primary gas processing (dehydration, liquids separation,

sweetening, CO2 removal)
Floating Storage Units (FSUs) and sub-sea storage units
gas processing activities with the primary intent of producing
gas liquids for sale
secondary liquid separation (i.e. Natural Gas Liquids
[NGL] extraction using refrigeration processing)

Used used to specify where an incident cannot be logically

classed under any other category. In the case of incident
activities, includes air transport incidents.
Note: the work function Other was replaced by construction for
the first time in 2006.

Overexertion or Strain (as an incident/

event category

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Gas to Liquids

(GTL) operations
flow-lines between wells and pipelines between facilities
associated with field production operations
oil and gas loading facilities including land or marine
vessels (trucks and ships) when connected to an oil or gas
production process

Physical overexertion e.g. muscle strain

B-3

Pressure Release (as an incident/

event category)

OGP

Process safety events 2011 & 2012 data

pipeline operations (including booster stations) operated by

company E&P business
Production excludes:
production drilling or workover
mining processes associated with the extraction of heavy oil
tar sands
heavy oil when separable from upstream operations
secondary heavy oil processing (upgrader)
refineries

Production operations (as a type of activity)

Transport Land (as a type of activity)

Involving motorised vehicles designed for transporting people
and goods over land, e.g. cars, buses, trucks. Pedestrians struck
by a vehicle are classified as land transport incidents. Incidents
from a mobile crane would only be land transport incidents if
the crane were being moved between locations.

Transport Water, including Marine Activity

(as a type of activity)
Involving vessels, equipment or boats designed for transporting
people and goods over water (including inland, marine, ice roads
and marsh/swamp) e.g. supply vessels, crew boats.

Activities related to the extraction of hydrocarbons from source

such as an oil or gas well or hydrocarbon bearing geological
structure, including primary processing, storage and transport
operations. Includes normal, start-up or shut-down operations.

Unspecified Other (as a type of activity)

Recordable

Unspecified (as a work function)

A type of event, incident, injury, illness, release or other outcome

which has been determined to meet or exceed definitions, criteria
or thresholds for inclusion and classification in reported data.

Unspecified is used for the entry of data associated with office

personnel whose work hours and incident data cannot be
reasonably assigned to the administrative support of one of the
function groupings of exploration, drilling, production or
construction. Corporate overhead support function personnel
such as finance or human resources staff may be examples where
work hours cannot be specifically assigned to a particular
function. All other data that are not separated out by function
are reported as unspecified.

Restricted work day case (RWDC)

Any work-related injury other than a fatality or lost work day
case which results in a person being unfit for full performance of
the regular job on any day after the occupational injury. Work
performed might be:
an assignment to a temporary job;
part-time work at the regular job;
working full-time in the regular job but not performing all
the usual duties of the job
Where no meaningful restricted work is being performed, the
incident is recorded as a lost work day case (LWDC).

Seismic/survey operations (as a type

of activity)

Incidents that cannot be logically classed under other headings

or where the activity is unknown.

Water related/drowning (as an incident/

event category)
Incidents/events in which water played a significant role
including drowning.

Work-related injury
See occupational injury.

Activities relating to the determination of sub-surface structures

for the purpose of locating oil and gas deposits including
geophysical and seismic data acquisition.

Total recordable injury rate (TRIR)

The number of recordable injuries (fatalities + lost work day
cases + restricted work day cases + medical treatment cases) per
1,000,000 hours worked.

Total recordable injury rate (TRIR)

The number of recordable injuries (fatalities + lost work day
cases + restricted work day cases + medical treatment cases) per
1,000,000 hours worked.

Transport Air (as a type of activity)

Involving aircraft, either fixed wing or helicopters. Injuries caused

by accidents on the ground at airports are classified in one of the
other categories.

OGP

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International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

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OGP

For further information and publications,

please visit our website at

www.ogp.org.uk

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Telephone: +44 (0)20 7633 0272
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International
Association
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Producers

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Telephone: +32 (0)2 566 9150
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