Steel Casting for Structural Purpose

Nominal Analysis
SMM
Symbol

Mn

A1

0.18 - 0.24

0.60 - 0.90

A2

0.25 - 0.35

0.60 - 0.90

A3

0.35 - 0.45

0.60 - 0.90

A4

0.18 - 0.25

1.20 - 1.60

A5

0.25 - 0.33

1.20 - 1.60

Cr

Ni

Mo

Others

Mechanical Properties
SMM
Symbol

Yield
2
(N/mm )

Tensile
2
(N/mm )

Elongation
(%)

Reduction Area
(%)

Hardness
(HB)

A1

230

430

22

135

A2

260

490

18

145

A3

295

540

14

158

A4

320

540

16

158

A5

370

620

13

170

Other Properties
SMM
Symbol

Typical
Heat
Treatment

A1

A2

Weldability

Equivalent
Standard

General enginering parts requiring good weldability and

mechinability.

BS 3100 A1

Good tensil strength, suitable for bearing housings, valve

bodies and structural parts.

BS 3100 A2

A3

Can case-hardened by flame or induction hardeningsuitable for gears, sheaves, chain-links, etc.

BS 3100 A3

A4

N, NT,
NQT

A5

N, NT,
NQT

Criteria & Application

Higher Tensile strength than normal carbon steels, very

suitable for gears and pinins,
bogie wheels, moulds ends of concrete pipes, roller shells, 0
mantle locking nut,
head nut, pipe elbow and others.

BS 3100 A4
AS 2074 - L1A
BS 3100 A5
AS 2074 L1B

Steel Casting for Pressure Containig for High Temperature Service

Nominal Analysis
SMM
Symbol

Mn

Cr

CSP1

0.12 - 0.20

0.50 - 0.80

1.00 - 1.50

CSP2

0.10 - 0.18

0.40 - 0.70

0.50 - 0.90

CSP3

0.10 - 0.18

0.40 - 0.70

2.00 - 2.75

0.90 - 1.20

CSP4

0.10 - 0.20

0.35 - 0.65

8.00 - 10.00

0.90 - 1.20

Ni

Mo

Others

0.45 - 0.65
0.60 - 1.00

0.90 - 1.20

Mechanical Properties
SMM
Symbol

Yield
2
(N/mm )

Tensile
2
(N/mm )

Elongation
(%)

Reduction Area
(%)

Hardness
(HB)

CSP1

275

485

20

35

145 - 148

CSP2

275

485

20

35

145 - 148

CSP3

275

485

20

35

145 - 148

CSP4

415

620

18

35

185 - 235

Other Properties
SMM
Symbol

Typical
Heat
Treatment

CSP1

NT

CSP2

Weldability

Equivalent
Standard

Casting service temperatures : 425 - 525 C

ASTM A217 GR WC6

NT

Casting service temperatures : 525 - 585 C

ASTM A217 GR WC5

CSP3

NT

Casting service temperatures : 585 - 625 C

ASTM A217 GR WC9

CSP4

NT

Casting service temperatures : 625 - 725 C

ASTM A217 GR C12

Criteria & Application

Chrome - Molybdenum
Nominal Analysis
SMM
Symbol

Mn

Cr

E1

0.28 - 0.33

0.70 - 0.90

0.90 - 1.10

0.15 - 0.25

E2

0.38 - 0.43

0.70 - 0.90

0.90 - 1.10

0.15 - 0.25

E3

0.45 - 0.55

0.70 - 0.90

0.90 - 1.10

0.15 - 0.25

E4

0.55 - 0.65

0.70 - 0.90

0.90 - 1.10

0.15 - 0.25

Ni

Mo

Others

Mechanical Properties
SMM
Symbol

Yield
2
(N/mm )

Tensile
2
(N/mm )

Elongation
(%)

Reduction Area
(%)

Hardness
(HB)

E1

200 - 240
220 - 320

E2

200 - 240

E3

270 - 300

E4

300 - 350

Other Properties
SMM
Symbol

Typical
Heat
Treatment

E1

Higher tensile and yield strength than normal carbon steel. ^

NQT

High yield strength and combination of hardness and

toughness in wear resistant application-powered wheels,
gears, rollers, machince parts & others.

Criteria & Application

Weldability

E2

N, NT

E3

N, NT

Abrasion resistant high tensile strength where imppact is

not a service condition.

E4

N, NT

Abrasion resistant high tensile strength where imppact is

not a service condition
and where austenetic managanese will not work harden.

Equivalent
Standard
AISI 4130
AISI 4140

AS 2074 - L2B

Nickel - Chrome - Molybdenum Steel

Nominal Analysis
SMM
Symbol

Mn

Cr

Ni

Mo

E7

0.28 - 0.33

0.70 - 0.90

0.40 - 0.65

0.40 - 0.80

0.15 - 0.25

E7A

0.26 - 0.30

0.75 - 0.95

0.45 - 0.65

0.30 - 0.50

0.15 - 0.30

E7B

0.27 - 0.32

0.70 - 0.90

0.75 - 1.00

0.40 - 0.70

0.35 - 0.55

E8L

0.26 - 0.30

0.60 - 0.90

0.70 - 0.90

1.60 - 2.00

0.20 - 0.30

WS3

0.24 - 0.30

0.60 - 0.90

1.60 - 2.00

0.35 - 0.55

0.30 - 0.50

Tensile
2
(N/mm )

Elongation
(%)

Others

Mechanical Properties
SMM
Symbol

Yield
2
(N/mm )

Reduction Area
(%)

E7

Hardness
(HB)
220 - 350

E7A

585

725

17

35

260 - 350

E7B

795

905

11

25

265 - 350

E8L

695

1000

300 - 350

WS3

350 - 400

Other Properties
SMM
Symbol

Typical
Heat
Treatment

E7

NQT

E7A

NQT

E7B

NQT

High tensile strength and good impact for wear

resistance applications.

E8L

NQT

General engineering application of high tensile

strength and good impact-resistance with threagh
hardness for wear-resistance application.
under NQT condition. Good choice for impact
hammers, drop balls and others.

WS3

NQT

Best combination of hardness and toughness for

wear-resistant application.

Criteria & Application

Weldability

General engineering application that require high

tensile and good impact strength-powered wheels,
gears, rollers and others.
^

Equivalent Standard
AISI 8630
ASTM A148 GR 105/85
ASTM A148 GR 130/115

Austenitic Manganese Steel

Nominal Analysis
SMM
Symbol

Mn

Cr

SK1

1.00 - 1.30

11.50 - 14.00

0.70 max

SK4

1.00 - 1.28

11.00 - 14.00

0.70 max

SWM 6 & 7

1.15 - 1.30

11.00 -14.00

1.00 - 1.30

SWM 3 & 3H 1.15 - 1.30

11.00 -14.00

1.50 - 2.20

SWM 8

16.00 - 18.00

1.70 - 2.20

1.25 - 1.35

Ni

Mo

Others

0.9 - 1.3
0.5 max

Mechanical Properties
SMM
Symbol

Yield
2
(N/mm )

Tensile
2
(N/mm )

Elongation
(%)

Reduction Area
(%)

Hardness
(HB)

SK1

420

850

40

200 (550WH)

SK4

380

800

45

200 (550WH)

SWM 3 & 3H 400

800

35

200 (550WH)

SWM 6 & 7
SWM 8
Other Properties
SMM
Symbol

Typical
Heat
Treatment

SK1

WQ

Castings which require higher resistance to

deformation than normal austenitic managnese
steel such as track pads of excavators, etc.

SK4

SWM 6 & 7

Weldability

Equivalent
Standard

ASTM A128 GR E1

WQ

Suitable for scratching wear application in less

abrasive condition with high impact produces work
hardening of castings, resulting in
^
resistance to wear. Best choice for apron pan & side
plate.

ASTM A128 GR B3
AS 2074 - H1A

WQ

Suitable for gouging wear application in condition

where impact are not severe and casting must resist ^
spreading. e.g. bowls & mantles.

SWM 3 & 3H WQ

Suitable for gouing and grinding wear application in

normal condition where impacts are not severe and
^
wear is more due to abrasion
than high gouging loads. e.g. jaw liners, mantles &
bowls.

ASTM A128 GR C
AS 2074 - H1B

SWM 8

Conditions where high impact produces work

hardening of the castings, resulting in resistance to
wear. e.g. bowls & mantles.

GX 120MN CR 17 2

WQ

Criteria & Application

Stainless Steel
Nominal Analysis
SMM
Symbol

Mn

Cr

Ni

C8

0.80 max

1.50 max

18.00 - 21.00

8.00 - 11.00

C8M

0.80 max

1.50 max

18.00 - 21.00

9.00 - 12.00

Mo

Others

2.00 - 3.00

Mechanical Properties
SMM
Symbol

Yield
2
(N/mm )

Tensile
2
(N/mm )

Elongation
(%)

Reduction Area
(%)

Hardness
(HB)

C8

255

530

55

140

C8M

310

605

50

160

Other Properties
SMM
Symbol

Typical
Heat
Treatment

C8

WQ

Corrosion-resistant applications suitable for low

corrosion environment.

WQ

All corrosion-resistant applications particularly

against acid attack and widely used in chemical
0
plant pump parts, valves, impeller
and castings used in sea-water marine services.

C8M

Criteria & Application

Weldability

Equivalent Standard

ASTM A743 GR CF-8

ASTM A743 GR CF-8M

Pearlitic Chrome - Molybdenum Steel

Nominal Analysis
SMM
Symbol

Mn

Cr

PSC6

0.60 - 0.66

0.50 - 0.90

2.10 - 2.40

0.30 - 0.50

PSC8

0.80 - 0.86

0.50 - 0.90

2.10 - 2.40

0.30 - 0.50

Ni

Mo

Others

Mechanical Properties
SMM
Symbol

Yield
2
(N/mm )

Tensile
2
(N/mm )

Elongation
(%)

Reduction Area
(%)

Hardness
(HB)

PSC6

300 - 400

PSC8

300 - 400

Other Properties
SMM
Symbol

Typical
Heat
Treatment

PSC6

N, NT

PSC8

N, NT

Equivalent
Weldability Standard

Criteria & Application

Combination of hardness and toughness provide high
abrasion-resistance in application.
Suitable choice for breaker bars used in cement mills, ball mill
liners etc.

Heat Resistant Steel

Nominal Analysis
SMM
Symbol

Mn

Cr

Ni

HC

0.5 max

1.00 max

26.00 - 30.00

4.00 max

HD

0.5 max

1.50 max

26.00 - 30.00

4.00 - 7.00

HF

0.20 - 0.40

2.00 max

18.00 - 23.00

8.00 - 12.00

HH

0.20 - 0.50

2.00 max

24.00 - 28.00

11.00 - 14.00

HI

0.20 - 0.50

2.00 max

26.00 - 30.00

14.00 - 18.00

HK

0.20 - 0.60

2.00 max

24.00 - 28.00

18.00 - 22.00

HT

0.35 - 0.75

2.00 max

15.00 - 19.00

33.00 - 37.00

Mo

Others

Mechanical Properties
SMM
Symbol

Yield
2
(N/mm )

HC

Tensile
2
(N/mm )

Elongation
(%)

Reduction Area
(%)

Hardness
(HB)

380

HD

240

515

HF

240

485

25

HH

240

515

10

HI

240

485

10

HK

240

450

10

450

HT
Other Properties
SMM
Symbol

Typical
Heat
Treatment

HC

Good resistance to oxidation and fuel gases

containing sulphur at temperature as high as
1100C where strength is not a consideration.

HD

HF

HH

HI

HK

HT

Criteria & Application

Weldability

Equivalent Standard

ASTM A287 GR HC

High temperature corrosion resistance, exhibit

better hot strength compared to grade HC and is
0
able to withstand light load at 1050C.
Typically used for roaster furnace, rabble arms and
blades, salt pots and cement kilm ends.

ASTM A287 GR HD

High temperature corrosion resistance and

suitable for use up to 800C.
Exhibit moderately high hot strength and ductility. 0
Typically used for furnace dampers and annealing
furnace parts.

ASTM A287 GR HF

Exhibit high hot strength and corrosion resistance

for elevated temperature service above 870C.
Able to withstand repeated temperature changes.
Useful in parts subject to high constant load
condition in the 650 to 1000C temperature
range.
Typically used for furnace shafts, beams, rails,
rollers and tude spacers.

ASTM A287 GR HH

Oxidation resistance up to 1180C. Typically used

for billet skids, conveyor rollers, furnace rails,
0
lead pots, retorts for magnesium production,
hearth plates and tube spacers.

ASTM A287 GR HI

Exhibit high strength and surface stability at

temperature above 1040 C.
It can be used in structural applications up to
1150C where high creep strength is needed,
such as gas turbines, furnace parts, brazing
fixture, cement kiln nose segments, pier caps,
rabble arms and blades.

ASTM A297 GR HK

High resistance to thermo-shock of heating and

cooling. Good oxidation resistance and ability to
maintain high strength up to 1040 C
Typically used for retorts tubes, cyanide, lead and
salt pots, hearth plates and quenched trays.

ASTM A297 GR HT

Ductile Iron
Nominal Analysis
SMM
Symbol

Mn

D40

3.50 - 3.85

0.45 - 0.75

Si : 2.1 - 2.8

D45

3.50 - 3.85

0.50 - 0.80

Si : 2.1 - 2.8

D50

3.50 - 3.85

0.60 - 0.90

Si : 2.1 - 2.8

D60

3.50 - 3.85

0.70 - 1.00

Si : 2.1 - 2.8 &

Cu : 0.20 - 0.40

D70

3.50 - 3.85

0.70 - 1.00

Si : 2.1 - 2.8 &

Cu : 0.40 - 0.60

Cr

Ni

Mo

Others

Mechanical Properties
SMM
Symbol

Yield
2
(N/mm )

Tensile
2
(N/mm )

Elongation
(%)

Reduction Area
(%)

Hardness
(HB)

D40

250

400

12

121 - 197

D45

280

450

10

143 - 217

D50

320

500

170 - 241

D60

370

600

207 - 285

D70

420

700

229 - 321

Other Properties
SMM
Symbol

Typical
Heat
Treatment

Criteria & Application

Weldability

Equivalent Standard

C, T, A

Ferritic Ductile Iron with good damping properties

and can withstand shock and fatigue loading.
Moderate strength with high ductility, good
toughness and excellent machinability.

C, T

Ferritic / Pearlitic Ductile Iron of moderate strength

and ductility in which damping property and
toughness are of great importance.
Popularly used for rollers, sheaves, automative and
machine components.

JIS G5502 CLASS 2

( FCD45)

C, NT, T

Pearlitic Ductile Iron combines high strength,

reasonable ductility and toughness to offer good
wear-resistance.
Popularly used for sheaves, automotive and
machine components.

JIS G5502 CLASS 3

( FCD50)
AS1831 Grade500-7

D60

C, NT

Bainitic and/or martenistic or pearlitic ductile iron

offers high strength and toughness with reasonable
ductility. Mainly for rollers, crankshafts, large-size
gears and others.

JIS G5502 CLASS 4

( FCD60)
AS1831 Grade 600-3

D70

C, N, NT

Martenistic Ductile Iron offers high tensile strength

and hardness, but for applications in which ductility
and resistance to impact are of less importance.

JIS G5502 CLASS 5

( FCD70)
AS1831 Grade 700-2

D40

D45

D50

JIS G5502 CLASS 1

( FCD40)
AS1831 Grade 400-12

Steel Casting for Structural Purpose

Nominal Analysis
SMM
Symbol

Mn

F15

3.10 - 3.50

0.50 - 0.80

Si : 2.20 - 2.70

F20

3.00 - 3.40

0.60 - 0.90

Si : 2.00 - 2.40

F25

2.90 - 3.20

0.70 - 1.00

0.20 - 0.40

Si : 2.00 - 2.40

F30

2.90 - 3.20

0.70 - 1.00

0.30 - 0.60

Si : 1.80 - 2.20

F35

2.90 - 3.20

0.70 - 1.00

0.40 - 0.70

0.30 - 0.60

Si : 1.80 - 2.20

SC1

3.00 - 3.50

0.50 - 0.90

0.90 - 1.60

SC2

3.20 - 3.60

0.50 - 0.90

Cr

Ni

Mo

0.30 - 0.60

Others

Si : 1.50 - 2.60
1.70 - 2.30

Si : 2.10 - 2.60

Mechanical Properties
SMM
Symbol

Yield
2
(N/mm )

Tensile
2
(N/mm )

F15

150

F20

200

F25

250

F30

300

F35

350

Elongation
(%)

Reduction Area
(%)

Hardness
(HB)

Other Properties
Typical
SMM
Heat
Symbol Treatment

Criteria & Application

Weldability

Equivalent Standard

F15

C, SR

This general engineering Grey Cast Iron offers

excellent machinability and most suitable for thin
sectioned castings.

JIS G5501 GRADE 2

(FC 15)

F20

C, SR

This Grey Cast Iron for general engineering used with

excellent machinability. E.g.: small couplings, gear box
housing & covers, etc

JIS G5501 GRADE 3

(FC 20)

F25

C, SR

F30

C, SR

F35

C, SR

SC1

C, SR

Castings can withstand oxidation resistance up to

servicing temperature up to 700 C.

SC2

C, SR

Castings has good resistance to chemical erosion. Eg.

sewage impeller, rotor blades, etc.

JIS G5501 GRADE 4

(FC25)

This Grey Cast Iron offers higher strength with

excellent machinability. E.g.: small couplings, gear box
housing & covers, etc.

JIS G5501 GRADE 5

(FC 30)
JIS G5501 GRADE 6
(FC 35)

Alloy Cast Iron (Abrasion Resistant)

Nominal Analysis
SMM
Symbol

Mn

Cr

Ni

NH1

3.20 - 3.60

0.20 - 0.80

1.50 - 2.50

3.00 - 5.50

NH2

3.20 - 3.60

0.20 - 0.80

8.00 - 10.00

4.00 - 6.00

WC1

2.80 - 3.30

0.30 - 0.80

14.50 - 16.50

1.60 - 2.40

WC2

2.40 - 2.80

0.30 - 0.80

23.00 - 28.00

WC3

2.40 - 2.80

0.50 - 1.50

14.00 - 16.00

Mo

3.00 - 5.50

Others

1.00 - 3.00

Mechanical Properties
SMM
Symbol

Yield
2
(N/mm )

Tensile
2
(N/mm )

Elongation
(%)

Reduction Area
(%)

Hardness
(HB)

NH1

550

NH2

600

WC1

65 HRC

WC2

65 HRC

WC3

60 HRC

Other Properties
SMM
Symbol

Typical
Heat
Treatment

NH1

C, SR

Resisting low and medium stress

abrasion. Can withstand mild impact.

BS4844 Pt Types 2B
ASTM A532 Class I Type A

NH2

C, SR

Fully martenistic, highly abrasive

resistant cast-iron. Higher strength and
better impact resistance than NH1.

BS4844 Pt Types 2E
ASTM A532 Class I Type D

WC1

C, SR

Good toughness with excellent abrasionresistance and has good corrosion

x
resistance properties.

ASTM A532 Class II Type B,C

WC2

Good toughness with excellent abrasionx

resistance and has good corrosionresistance properties.

ASTM A532 Class III Type A

WC3

Good toughness with excellent abrasionx

resistance. Can withstand mild impact.

ASTM A532 Class II Type B

Criteria & Application

Weldability

Equivalent Standard