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Structural Analysis of Crane Hook
Article December 2015
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Senthil Kumaran S
RVS Educational Trust's Group of Institutions,RVS School of Engineering and Technology , DindigulRVS
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International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Volume 1 Issue10 Page 1248-1251, 2015, ISSN 2395-1621
Structural Analysis of Crane Hook
ISSN 2395-1621
#2
#1
P. Balu Mahendran, [Link]
1
baluranjit@[Link]
m
2
sskumaram@[Link]
#12
Department of mechanical engineering,
RVS School of Engg. & Tech., Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.
ABSTRACT
Crane hooks are highly liable components that are typically used for industrial
purposes. Thus such components in an industry must be manufactured and
designed in a way to deliver maximum performance without failure. Failure of
a
crane hook mainly depends on three major factors i.e. dimension, material,
overload .The project is concerned towards increasing the safe load by varying the
cross sectional dimensions of the three different sections .The selected
sections are rectangular ,triangular, and trapezoidal . The area remains constant
while changing the dimensions of the three different sections. The crane hook is
modelled using PTC CREO software. The stress analysis is done using ANSYS
14.5 workbench. The normal stress along y direction, deformation along y
direction and strain is considered. It is found that trapezoidal cross section
yields maximum load of 700 kg for constant cross section area among three cross
sections.
ARTICLE INFO
Article History
Received
2015
:19
th
December
Received in revised form :
th
20 December 2015
Accepted : 21
2015
st
December,
Published online :
rd
23 December 2015
Keywords Crane hook , Structural analysis,Trapezoidal, Safe load
.
I. INTRODUCTION
A lifting hook is a device for grabbing and lifting
loads by means of a device such as a hoist or
crane. Such an important component in an industry must
be manufactured and designed in a way so as to deliver
maximum performance without failure. So, in order to
minimize the stress distribution
and deformation, the
trapezoidal section is optimized to various dimensions. The
area remains same while optimizing the dimensions. The
inner width, height and the outer width of the crane
hook are varied such that the cross section area remains
constant. In this work, rectangular, triangular and
trapezoidal sections are considered. The
schematic
representation of three sections are given in Figure1.
(a)
(b)
2015, IERJ All Rights Reserved
Page 1
(C )
Figure 1Schematic representationof(a) Rectangular(b
Triangular (c)Trapezoidal sections used in crane
hook.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
1
[Link] and Lakshmi (2013)
have done
optimization of design parameters for crane hook using
TAGUCHI method .Here the optimization of design
parameters is done using taguchi method, total mixed
parameters are considered with mixed levels and L16
orthogonal array is generated .The analysis is done and
the optimum combination of input parameters is
determined for minimum von-mises stress.
Rashmi
2
uddanwadiker (2013) has made stress analysis of crane
hook and the results are validated by using PHOTO
ELASTICITY . The crane hook is modeled using
modeling software and the analysis is done using
ansys and the stress distribution and stress concentration
factors in irregular geometries are determined using
photo elasticity. Ajeet bergaley and Anshuman Purohit
3
(2013) made a structural analysis of a crane hook using
finite element method. In this paper, a crane hook is
purchased from the market for finite element analysis .The
hook was tested in UTM machine in tension to locate
the area having maximum stress and to locate the
yield point. The hook
is modeled
in CAE
software having dimension and material similar to the
crane hook which was purchased from the market.
The results obtained were compared with theoretical
analysis.
III. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
In this work, High strength low alloy steel (HSLA) of SAE grade
980X is considered. HSLA steels contain relatively low levels of
carbon of about 0.05%. It also contains other elements such as
chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, and niobium.
HSLA steels are resistant to atmospheric corrosion
and
are
better suited to welding than carbon steel.
Table. I Mechanical Properties of High Strength Low Alloy Steel
Properties
Value
Density
7850 kg/m3
Tensile yield strength
250MPa
Poissons ratio
0.3
Tensile ultimate strength
460MPa
considered as RC1, RC2, RC 3 and RC 4.
Table .II- Normal stress distribution of trapezoidal cross
sectional crane hook
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 2-Three dimensional model of the crane hook in (a) trapezoidal, (b)
triangular and (c)rectangular cross section.
IV. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CRANE HOOK
The solid model of the crane hook is imported
inANSYS workbench. The material properties of the
hook have been given. The model is meshed by taking
an element size of 0.001. The boundary conditions and
loading conditions are applied. The hook is fixed at the
shank end and the load is applied as pressure over the
curved surface of the hook. The analysis is performed
and the normal stress along y direction, deformation
along y direction and strain is considered for analysis.
The tensile stress (t) and compressive stress (c) for
three cross sections are given in Table 1 to 3
respectively. The stress values are considered for
constant cross section area. The trapezoidal cross sections
are considered as TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4 and TP5. The
triangular cross sections are considered as TG1, TG2,
TG3 and [Link] rectangular cross sections are
Section
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2)
TP1
14.2
9.48
25.11
278.01
93.32
-36.4
TP2
15.2
7.46
25.11
276.85
96.1
-249.6
TP3
16.2
6.48
25.11
276.74
261.8
-717.3
TP4
17.2
5.20
25.11
277.45
305.8
-132.9
TP5
18.2
3.48
25.11
276.18
434.5
-343.6
(MPa)
(MPa)
Figure 4 - Stress distribution along y direction of
trapezoidal sectional crane hook
V. DISCUSSION
Table .IV- Normal stress distribution of rectangular cross sectional crane hook
Section
(mm)
(mm)
REC1
19.9
REC2
18.3
2
(mm )
(MPa)
(MPa)
14
276.44
311.25
-174.69
15.2
276.88
126.88
-64.596
REC3
16.4
17
277.08
241.94
-104.16
REC4
16
17.4
276.68
268.48
-139.25
Comparing the stress distribution along y direction of all
the three different cross sectional hooks, it is obtained that
there is increase in the safe load in all the three sections
while
changing the cross sectional dimensions .The
comparison of safe load values of the three sections are
given in Table.V.
Section
Table.V- Safe Load comparison of all the three
Section Obtained
differentObtained
cross sections.
Obtained Section
load
The stress distribution along y direction of
rectangular cross section and trapezoidal
cross section crane hook is given in Figure 3 and 4.
load
Load
TP1
700
TG1
495
RC1
450
TP2
600
TG2
640
RC2
550
TP3
500
TG3
500
RC3
500
TP4
435
TG4
480
RC4
495
TP5
410
From Table 4, it is observed that the safe load value of
TP3 is 500 kg and the safe load values of TP1 and TP2
have 700 and 600 kg respectively. The safe load value of
triangular section (TG3) is 500 kg and the TG2 section
exhibits the safe load of 640 kg. For rectangular
section, RC2 has a maximum safe load of
550 kg. Based on these results, it is found that trapezoidal
cross section yields maximum load of 700 kg.
REFRENCES
Figure 3-Stress distribution along y direction of triangular
sectional crane hook
Table .III- Normal stress distribution of triangular cross sectional crane hook
Section
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2)
(MPa)
(MPa)
TG1
27.04
21
276.99
266.75
-166.56
TG2
28.40
20
276.08
125.13
-101.91
TG3
29.89
19
276.38
248.2
-186.63
TG4
31.50
18
276.08
309.61
-215.67
[1] Stress analysis of crane hook and validation by
photo-elasticity, by
[Link]
Uddanwadiker.
[2] Structural analysis of crane hook using finite
element method by [Link] bergaley,
Anshuman Purohit .
[3] Optimization of design parameters for
crane hook using Taguchi method, by
Mr. A. Gopichand, Ms. [Link],
Mr. B. [Link] journal
of innovative research in science, engineering
and technology,(an iso 3297: 2007
certified organization) ,vol. 2, issue 12,
december
2013
[4] Advanced Mechanics of Materials, by A P
Boresi and O M Sidebottam, John Wiley and Sons,
4th Ed. 1985, ISBN: 0-471-84323-7.
[5] Lifting hooks for lifting appliances; single hooks;
Unmachined parts Deutsche Norm,
1982, DIN 15 401 Part 1.
[6] Comparision of stress between winkler bach
theory and Ansys finite element method for
crane hook
with a trapezoidal cross-section by yogesh
tripathi, [Link].
[7]
ASME Standard B30.2, Overhead Gantry
Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple
Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist), 2005.
[8] ASME Standard B30.9, Slings Safety Standard
for Ca- bleways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks,
Jacks and Slings, 2006.
[9] Determination of stress distribution in crane hook
by
[Link]
,
[Link], [Link] ,[Link]
[10] [Link], A Text book of Strength of
materials (Mechanics of solids)
[11] B. Ross, B. McDonald and S. E. V. Sar af, Big
Blue Goes Down. The Miller Par k Crane
Accident, Engineering Failure
Analysis, Vol. 14, No. 6, 2007 pp. 942-961.
[12] Design data book Data book for engineers by
PSG college of technology.
