ВИ 2015-09

Karo istorija (ru). 9nr.2015m.

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ВИ 2015-09

Karo istorija (ru). 9nr.2015m.

Uploaded by

E.P.

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

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OnwaKo 8 AHrnim Ha Hanpa o6py- wna ikBan KPATAKH, BEIMyAMBLLMIH ero ectare 8 nosy oGyKeHHOrO M nonaTe 8 OT- Ccrapky. OcosHae HesoaMOxHOCTD B3AT> Nerep6ypr, cowoatinkn nepenecna ocHo8- Hole ycunna wa Yeproe mope, Ho oTnpa- sie cBoM ackaqpel Ha Barony pewann ‘chemyouyen, 1855 rony, $0661 OTTAKYTE XOTA 6b! WaCTo can, KoTOpHIE PyCcKHE ‘morn nocnare k Cesacronone. Tlepsnie xeprssr Pyccxwe k HoBOMt Kanani Wa Barri we Tome yenenn noqroToRUTECA. FkKOGA ‘KONCTpyiPORAN HORYIO Monn’ 8 Gop me Ky6a 43 IMCTOBOA MesM HC 3apAQOM 8 26-28 xuunorpamwos nopoxa. Ho ati- ‘crapnann 8 wapre 1855 ropa To, To ume- ‘Roce 8 anu, a uMeHHO mus HoGenm: 158 uryk - ana aauyeroi npazoro naHra opra Anexcanap| 217 -Hanesom grat re gopra Magen |, 272 - k cesepy or Kor B wavane man K ory or Konia B ve- ‘Tipe pana nocraBnnn 200 man Sko6u, a Ha neBOM dnaHre AOGaBMnW 54 MiNHDI HoGena. W nakoneu, yuacroK x ceBepy oT Korma o Simceero Hoca nepexpsinn 246 manu HoGens u 97 muvantn BOG. Tloncrynet « Kponwranty oKazannce aunnrosans mnheumn aarpaxnenn- HEMHOTO CTATUCTMKM Flosalee mopcxme mnnti spicras- anuce 8 OrpOMHDIX KONNYECTBAX, a mannoie 3arpaxaeHia cocronnn m3 coTen ToIcAY Mi. TaK, 8 Nep- ‘sy!0 muposyro BoiiHy BoIIOMNM Topowamn Geno ycraHosneno 310 000 mopcKnx mitt, oT nomps- ‘8a Ha KoTOpbIX 3aToHyNO oKONO 400 KopaGneit, 6 Tom wncne M Ae- ‘BaT> munKopos. Bropan mmposan BoitHa ormuyanace ewe Gonbusume ‘macurraGamn npumenennn MAHHO- ‘ro opymaen, Bcero 6bino sbicraane- Ho capitie 650 000 mun. TonbKo 8 esynptate nocranoskn 262 000 ‘Mm Benuno6purrannelt s eaponeit- ‘cxwtx Bonax (186 000 8 cBowx npH- Gpexnbix m 76 000 8 sonax npo- ‘TuBHMNKa) norn6no 1050 Kopaéneh WcyAOs m oKono 540 nonyanno no- Bpemaenna. Tepmanna sbicrasnna B >Ty Boliny 126000 mun - Gonouest acroio B esponeiicknx Bonax. No- ‘TepH cowsnnKos cocrasunu oKONO 300 Goeebix KopaGnel Ao scman- ua axmownrenbHo, a TaKKe cobiWe 500 toprosbix cyaos. mt, HaxOBAUINMNCA TOA NpHKpTHEM Geperosoii m KopaGensHoit aprunnepuu. ‘Thane wx 6 TaKix yCnOBMRX He Boin0 Ht aKoih BosMoKHOCTH, a COOsHIKH COG Me ntranmce, 3a O6e Kannan wx yi08. cocrasun acero 70 TaKMx «agcKX Ma ‘wins, TO, KOHEUHO, HAero He pewiano. 20 won Ha mniax HoGena nono- eannce Gpurancxne napoxonopperar «Merlin» w napoxog Firefly». Cnegyiouye ‘mu xepreamn crann napoxonseVolturer w «Bulldogs. Noapexnenna 6sinn He SHauMTenbHBIMH, 22H KAKO! Ben, Mor 1M npaunvurrs cyfiam 3apAze Nopoxa 8 10 dyHr08? Ho w 6e3 Toro ncwxonornue- ‘cant aebeKr oKasanca HaCTONSKO Canb- ‘HbiM, TO Kenahne KpacoBaTbcA nepen, erepGyprckwmu aman y aHrn0-SpaH- uuy308 nponano. Pycckne xe, uroGo younmTe ypexr, 22 wonn sosne Ton6yxnna manKa npA- mo Wa sugy y NpoTABHAKa ocyujecraunA OCTaHOBKY eule AOXHHE MAH FKOGU. ‘Comosiian 2ckanpa nocne 2Toro nonMA za niapyca v ommpasiinace K noGepexbio ©nnnarun. 3nece naspos aurno-bpaH- yabt Towe He cHiNcKaNA, Ho Geperosan ‘aptunnepwa Gouna, 80 SCAKOM ciyLae, POTABHHKOM NpHEbIINLIM M HE Taki YeTpaUaIOW\HN, Kak 9TH cMepTOHOCHEIE ancane maureen © Anexcannp COKONOB BOEHHARUCTOPHA 55 OPHOCTb Mary PUSAPAA Pa3pylINTb HenpucTynHy10 TBEpABIHIO He ywasIoch Biche BcLolete JES LOAM CCT OS ELLEN ei Cou tary B Xll sexe suaurembuas YacTs Spakyym HaxomWIACe Non Bra- crswo aurmmicxu xopomtelt. Oto CTanIO HEVICTOLTZMBIM HCTOI- HMKOM BOitH, CTBTYEK Norpaxwumbnx KoHdm«KTOB. Ha 1ore ABE crpaxst ocrapysamm Axswrraximo u'mens, Ha cenepe — Hopmax- myn0. porusocronHe passMBanocb cne- pemeHHbim ycriexom, Ho 8 1195 rony BOeHHOe cuacTbe yniGHynoce paHUys- ckomy MoHapxy Ounanny Il. AHEM ‘caw Kopons Pasapa SIssntoe Cepaue eoinyaxqen Obin ycTynMT> onnoneHTy AOBONSHO sHauMTTeNbHEIe TeppHTOpAA W Heckonbko Kpenocrei, 8 TOM Cre M aHameHuTuiit 2aMoK ?KH20p, cay RMBLIMA BaxHeiuinm onopHbim nyHKTOM 8 Hop- maniqnu, Be3 KoHTpona Han HMM 6bIno 601 npoGnemarnuHo yaepxare NposHH- wo B cnysae HOBOA BoMHes, m Pawapa Peumn nocrpouts HoByio uNTanen, euje Gone rpostyto. Tak nonsianca 32- Mox Ulato-Taiiap, cumTaBuimiica BeHyom opradmnaynonnoro cxyccrsa cBoero spemen. Crpoiixa sexa Pivapa caM BbiGpan mecro ANA cTPO- vrenscTea 2amKa M 80 MHOTOM CaMOCTO- fvenswo paspaGarsigan npoeKt. 3a6eran nepea, CK@KeM, WTO MMeHHO nOSTOMy BHeUNe Geaynpeuvan (¢ TONKH 3peHAR GopoHs) yuTanen’ Mena HeKOTOpHIE ederrs,, roTopbie npoBiinH ceéA NH cepseatom wrypme. B 10 pews npocto te cyulecraosano marepianoa W Texo~ ori, sTo6s1 NonHO\eHHO OCyiMeCTBMT: aambicnbt wapecrHoro Koponm-bouna. A yx URTYpMaX, ocan!ax, o60POHAX M HoP- 6 BOEHHAR HCTOPHA Tadnkaynn PrvapA pas6mpancn, Kak Hit- TO M3 ero CospemenHuKos. 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Boo OcTa8- lwyioca mUBHE faa KoCHA, Ho, BoNpeKH acroxemy mHeHMIO, speHiA denbAMap- wan we yrparan, (Coryme6unrii poct 33a ornmune 8 kantnannn Kyry308 nony- ‘ann open Canroro Feoprun 4-icrenenn monnayenHoil oTnyCK ANA NeNeHMA 8 AB- CcTpian. Tam mononioit opMuep He ToMEKO ‘nponomxun cBoe BoeHHoe OOpasosaHne, No wacrynin a maconerye noxy «kK peMt toa. Co ppemenen KyTy308 Cran of ‘Him v3 BMAMBIX MacoHOB 8 POCCHIACKOH wnanepin. B 1776 ropy Kyry208 sepiyncs i nei cremrensiot cnyx6e. CHaviana OH i cnexmuposan ecru nerKoi Kaeanepwn, ‘noTom Guin nponseeneH s nonkoBHinKn M aavaNeN KOMaHANpOM JiyraHcKOTO ni saepHoro nonxa. B 1783 rony Kyty208 rnonyann an Gpuranupa W nepeson & Kpuim. Ha cnenyiowai rop oH ornmunica ‘npn nogasnennn soccraHna TaTap wm Gtin ‘nponssenes 8 reHepan-Maiope. Tenepo Kyryzony nopywunn camocronrensioe eno: chopmuposar> orpensiil erep- ‘cant KOPYC AINA NpMKDEITHR rpAHMYe! no Byry. Bro nomxHocra ero m 3acrana PyccKo-typeukan Boiina 1787-1792 ronos. Kyryaoe yuacraosan 8 cpaneHni no, Kni6yphon, 8 wrypme OvaKoBa, re no- nysun sropoe pavienne ronosy. KyTy308 sboR«n WB aTOT pas, npwseM nonpasMica yAweurensHo Geictpo m npwnn yuacrne 8 60K rpm AkKepmane, KayiaHax, ya ccreoean & urrypme Bevsep a Vawawna. Beane ormmianca ucronnarenbHocToo 1 uso xpa6pocTen, Kyryaoe nog Manawnon xoanaoean ogyOAWSUITYpMVOULOXKONOW. (Cyeopos nazean aro cece paso pyro Bnpoven, mpm Vawanne Kyrys08 or -nmuwnica. no-hacronujemy. Koniowa, Ko- Topoh OH KoMaNjOvan, Bopeanace Ha xpenocrioi gan, Ho Typra nonHaxaru, M Ky1y308y norasanoce, ro npmuuno epeN orctynats, 0 YeM oH m ompaewn nonece- ne Cyeopony. Tor orBeTun, 170 yke nonan ronya x wineparpnye Exareprne I cooGuyenmen, To Vamann esa. Boicra Kyryaoea sce xe yaeprann nam. Tlocne Vawanna Muaxaun UnnapnoHo- fnw cran renepan-nopyuiwom W nony- ‘ann Wo8yo nopynio Harpaa, onHaKo No- penvieny cayman non Havanom Gonee conbimiiix KoMananpos. Hanpawep, 6 cpaxennn npn Mauinie cooim ycrexoM (kopnye Kytyso8a pasrpoman npassilt dnanr tTypor) of O6R3aH jeransHoMy yKOBOACTEY co CTopoHe! KoMAHAyOWe- To Penmnna. OnkaKo cxpomiaa Manepa oveneHna n wcrionsiTensHocT> O6e- Crewmsann eny nponsieHe NO CAyX- 6e w omnmuyo penyraunio. B 1792 rony Kytys00 yane romanosan KopnycoM 80 ‘pena PyccKo-nonscKOh Bore. Tipu zzope Tloche oKoKaKitA noncKolt Bork! Kyrya0e HeaijaHio Ana mHorwe nony- ‘ann HaaHaWeHNe Ha. AMOMaTHeCKOM ‘porte ~ « Cram6yn. Tam on paspewmn 8 nonbay POccM HeCKONBKO BaNHEX cnopiisx sonpocos. Orzyga sepiynes yyxe He Monogon obmyep, 2 one Ua- easopey. HaGop atiexgoros w paaHix wicTopnio mus} 8 Typuin, caoSpeHH pmeticknM owopom, caenan Kyry208a nonynapHoi np aeope nusHocTso. Bexope of cran rnasHoKoManayouys aA BceMM BoricKamM, dnoTHnMAMH 1 penocramn 8 Oniangii, a TaKOKe 83 mmasun CyxonyTabi KaneTcKAt KOpnYC Kyryzoe uacto Guiea y Exarepiis, TOM anche yaunnan y wanneparpnub! 8 nocnea- ni sevep ee ms. BOEHHARHCTOPHA 11Ss eter treet tases Kyrya0e ne yrparun movapusero pacno- omennan npaTlasne |B 1798roay on Guin ocnak cocoGoli mnccneit k pyCCKOMY KO- oni, KoToporo yroBopin scrynuTs 6 co10s ‘porns Hanoneowa. Torna me Kytys08 Cran reHepanom or wiiparTepi, FonoM nosKe Kyrya08 Gein HasHasen mAToBCKAM 90H Him ry6epHaTOpoM 1 NPHERMOKEH K MM eparopy. PerynapHo nonywan HarpaAb, oouipenies, noaapK. Kram, o npAcyT- Caoean Ha yxanie, nocne KoToporo Magen Gein yur saroeopuycanan. OCTOPO}KHOCTb M PACYET/IMBOCTb Oconee orcrynnenne Kyry208a coppemeHnuKamn w nosqMeRuMM cropuxamu npuaiano Bbinaroulim- ‘ca crparerwseckitm maHeBpom. flo ops Ao spemenn on coxpaHian ap- muio, YKNoHANCR oT reHepanbHoro cpamenun, nocrenenno ynywuian yenoeun ana Gyayweti GTB. Mpo- BWR BCe MyuUME YepTEL, NPA cyuye Muxauny Unnapnonosiyy: yenwe ynpaanaTe Boiicxamn, cno- cobHOcTS AepKaTb 8 ronoBe cnom- Neve sambicnts 4 Bcio onepaTne- ylo o6cranoaxy pazom, Tepnenue m Gepexnunocrs 8 oTHOUIeNMK monet Mmarepuanbibix pecypcos. Kyrya08 penko ouiGanca ¢ Ha- aaNennamn - ero oanunrendHon ocoGennocroIo Gena xopowo no- crasnennan cuctema copa upop- Maun 0 Bowcraxc KaK Wepes amy lene svmanine. 1747 ron 1761 rox 1762 row 1770 rox, 1774 rox foranTos, TaK M wepes arewrypy. B Pesynsrare ero sambicnsi, Kak npa- ‘BHO, MCnORHARMCD B TOMNOCTH MC Haumenbuinmn notepamu. On noow- PAN MHMMaTHBY B MoUAHENNDIX, panga, He 2a6tiBan noBTopaTe M06 orpercraenocrH, Kyryzoe cnbin canbueiiumm Bo- eHMBIM —TeopeTHKoM, —cKNOHMDIM PAccuTbinaTe He TonbKO XA KaM- naHMii, Mapwiell M CpaKeHHA, HOM manefume wioalicel oGcraHoBKn unm cocroniue Aen y npoTMBHMKa. Kpome toro, on npugasan Goneuoe snaveHne pasBenKe, 4TO BneKnO 3a 060i HeoGeIvaino BEICoKyIO pons nerKoit Kasanepun 8 apmunx Kyry- 3082. ThasnbiMM 2Ke cocTaBAIOU\N- ‘mat ycriexa Kyty308 nonaran BbIy4Ky BodcK, NeMy Bcerqa ynensn nosbi- K yawenennio npnqsopHbix, 8 Havane uapcreosanua AnexcaHapa Kapsepa Kyryaoea chosa nowina seepx. OH rin HasHaveH soeHHbiM ry6epHaTopoM Tle- Tep6ypra 4 BoiGopra m rpaxqaHcKum ynpaensiouwm 8 3THx ry6epHnAx, aKpo- Me Toro, uxcnexTopom OuANAHACKOR karyenspun. Ho 8 1802 roay revepan HeoxwpaHHo nonan # onany u yAananca ' cBOe ypanickoe mMenwe 8 TopoUiKax. Korga mpumen Bowanapt B 1804 roay Poccna ecrynitna # ove pentylo axTidpanuyscKyio KoanHuMno. SO-THIcALHaA APM AMHYRACE Ha NO- ow aBcrpiivam. Cnezom 2a Heh BoiqeMHynace yt» MeHDWWAR apMaR Bykcresgena. OnHako asctpwinybi, He ORAABUINCE NORKORE PYCCKMK Nace fsroprnuce 8 cowaKyo Hanoneoky 63. api H Gbinn Haronoay paaGuTei nox Ynatom. KyTy308 soinyReH Grin MaHespnpo- jaro, a nonpocty rosopR, orcTynat Ka coenmwenne c ByxcreateHoM, 0 MecTO- Ronoxeninn KoTOPOrO He Hen OCTO- Bepiix waBeCTHA, Pycckan apwinn Bena omecrouennbie apbeprapaibie Gon y Xonna6pyita, we noasonsa HanoneoHos- crt wapusanan enpunsientbcm» K Ory najowe apna uni coagarenpennoctin- va ana ee oxpymennn, 1788 ron Ponuncrncense | Nocreornvane Haaxavenxovannupon | Orpasixcrsapimm | Bepaxcuninpa Aayure | Yaacre revepar-nopywna | Aprimepaicni por sAcrpaancron | ensawupuana ranyourrnxereiuee | nocage Oxo, crn | winoneeprol nexoran none, Psiesa Wacrve | pavenne nocne rope exenae ‘eopmcrot uroms | xoropsatronanaoean | scpanemumcnpy Prot | xoroporoeronpansih | pavenves roroy rn epost ‘AB. Gyopos. onie,FapremKarye. | rnasnepecan sue ‘obmuepec oe: npanepug, BOEHHAR MCTOPHAOnwano Anexcanap | ascrpaiicnnit wnneparop Opanu, soomywesnennbie Tem, ro Hanoneow Tak m He nOGuncR ppeuwnrensHoro yerexa, HaCTORNH Ha re- ‘HepanbHom cpanenmn, COmBHHKH Men ‘oxono 85 000 venosex nporis 73 000 y Bonanapra. Cam Kyry308 tin xareropm- ‘eckn nporia 64TBss, so BnocnencTaMA eny npmnownnn Anexcanap. Pyccriit unsreparop nonaran, wro Kyry308 crew ano nposen AycTeprinuKoe cpanenie € rpy6oon oumnbKamn, TOG noKazars Monapxy nary6HocTs ero sMewaTent- rsa psoenne ena. Kyryso8 i 8 camom ene nosen ceGa crpannio. On ny6nmuno packpuTuKosan Innak cpamenna, cocTasneHHi aBcrpMit- ‘cau retepanom Bemiporepom, Ho CaM He npeqnoxan nMwero M He nonin B oTcraB- wy. B urore on pykosonun ucnonennem sspmoro vi Beco Heyaasworo samba, Beliporep nonaran scnentiocte par tuya08 & 40 000 M x Tomy xe cunran wx Goeabie Kavecrea HusKMAn. U TO, # APy- roe 6bino OwHGouHesM MHeHMeM. Bonee oro, Hanoneot creyvanbio He cobpan 8 rey Bce ce, TOBE! COOSHUK He MC- niyrannce renepansHoro cpaxens ‘Camo OHO 2aKoHUNNOc» KaTaCTPOOOH Hanoneon yranian nail CoWosHiKOB, KO- Topwie aaKnovaniice B OxBaTe paHUy>- xO apmann c nesoro nasra, rpanor- Ho Haviec KonTpynap. Cuavana norecrin Lueip pycckoit apaanw, foxaanics, noKa eaeit-naKr cOrORHNKOB OTAANATER OT Cocranettsx cnn, a saTem pasGun ero. 06a nanepatopa Gexann cnona Gor saq0nro ‘no oxonana cpamenn. 27 000 connat DoosHuKos Geum y6wres wn onan 8 nnen, Hanoneony pocranoce oKono 200 opynwit. Cam Kyry308 6bin panen fenpa waGenan neva panuyset norepann y6wrean He 60 nee 2000 wenosex, Ho He cMornM opra- Hva08aT> rpamotHoro npecnenosaHina B pesynorare Ancrpin seiuina ¥3 B07, Ho sHawnTenbHoe SCN PyCCKAK HacTeR Corcrynino opransosaitHo w cocrasuno KOCTAK apm, NpoROMKMBUIE BOMMY c Hanoneowom ‘Seaquenit vac 1811 roy Kyrys08 cHosa nonagoGua- AB Bojickax ~ gofira ¢ Typunedt sauna 8 TYTMK, a B cnywae OXMaeMOrO BTOP- 1790 1793 1805, acres utypme ewan, Ormpasnen Typo. (pareme np Aycrepmewonna rena Hanoneona euie onMn port Gein He Hypren. Kyryaoe pacnonaran He 6onee en 30-Teicmunioit apuneit, a emy npoTa- BocTORNO 100 Toica4 ocMalioB. OnHaKo OH ‘Tak crmannposan w nponen KaMNaHiio, To 0 3Ha¥iTeNbHOM HACNEHHOM peso XORCTBe OCMaHOS HIKTO M He BCROMHNN, Gravana of paGun npormeHuKa nop, Pyutykom, aarem samaninn 3a Llynal yeTpoWn peiia no Tinam, pasrpomme ‘Typeukne Gasbi Mm nnwne npoTHBHAKa HaGwennA. B KOHLIe KOHYO, 35-TicA- an Typeukan apmnn caanace. KyTy308 yerien 2aKnown Kpaiiwe ebironitilt 4 cecespemennbii Byxapectcxnit up, wTo accrpouno nnatbt Opanyi. 3a 37M 3a- cnyrw wmneparop noxaosan reHepany Fpadexni Taryn Mlocne Havana soviet c Hanoneohom Kyry208y nopysinn Komanjozanne 80/- xan, o6oponneuinnen Netep6ypr. eno CcknapiBanoce He ® Nombay PYCCKMK BO- fick, m nw gBope BHOSE scnoMHANH O Kyrysose. Ero sossenn 8 KHAKeCKoe OCTOMHCTEO M HaaHauNNM BepxOBHLIM MmasHoKoMaAyiounn. BoiicKa scrpe- ‘nn 370 yaBecTue C HeGsIBANEIM NogE- ewiom, a AnexcaHap renepe wa6eran sie- imBaraca He TonbKO B nahi cpameHii, Ho MW 8 xOn| Bcelt Kanak. YcraHOBUNCR ‘axe Hernacnit aanper Ha KpirTuKy Ky- ‘Ty308a 3a HepewmTendHocTe nelicTeH W orcrynnenna. Cas xe reHepan ckpbIT- Huwan: Hc KeM nnaHaMn He AenAncA, ‘rue 6pocHA NpH HasHa4eHAK: «Me C Hanoneoom soesar> He 6yfiem. Mbt ero o6ManeN, Kyry308 sctpevan ocrpoe Henpasrue co croponti Gonee win mene sigHEX revepanos: BarparwoH m Bapnai fe 1811 1812 owauosame | Hasaven Tonnn npumonno svicwensani Konne- 1, Benturcen crposmn ra Hero RonOCH, \saroe urtopwpoean apuas Onan ont yop rym con nino pence ave orepitoe cpanenie, OnbxO non. “i noaxpennennn. He Gypen noapooKo PacckasbisaTb 0 Bopo~mHckolt Gree, oT- eT nu uo Kyry308 ocranca sepen ce6e: npennoven o6opony arate, jena ctoeHiyo craBky Ha cToRKocTS MBB yuky Bovick M No3BoNMN CTapWMM Odn- Uepam mienposnarposare no xoAy Gon He Gynem ouenwaars, ro noSenu np Bopoqyio. Ho wero 307 Moment can zm Bench apuann Bonanapra Haaom ona. yrya08 Gan nponseene 8 renepan- ‘benbgamapusanei uw cran nepssim B Poccmm nonmtia Teoprneacin xaeanepom. 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B 1956 rony 6vin yreepaxnen sapnan «Me~ ann Movera» ann BBC CLUA. «Or umenn m0 NOpyyexyn0. ..> B 1918 roy, noraa CWA scrynann 8 Tlepayio mnposyio Body, Komanayiount ‘aepmiKaHCKMM 3KCNeAMUMOHHEIM KOPy- ‘coms Eepone reHepan Mlepuimir nopexo- merinonan KoHrpeccy yupenur’ Harpaabt 3a MeHee sHa¥nubie AeRHAR, a «Meganbio Tloweran Harpaxxuare sls TEX, KIO MIpO- BAN UCKMIOUNTeNbHDIT FepONGM Ha none 60a. 9 wona Kourpecc npHHAan aKT, cO- OTA MMPUBANET MM Boenwocnymaume, Harpaxnen- ore «Meganbiofloweran, nony4aior paso norpeGosar» y Henapra- ‘Metra no nenam serepanos qonon- urrenbuyio ememecaNnyro neHcio. Bern muy, warpamyrennoox «Me- anpio Nowera», sauncnaorcn 8.80- ‘ehnbre axaemmn sue aanucuMocTH ‘OT Manmsa BaxaHTHDixMecT. Tlomnmo neror apsunerwis, 32- xepenniennosx 3aKonoM, cywlecrayer ‘Tpapmuuen, cornacko KoTopom npo- awe soeHHocnymauine, skmovan npesmaenta CWA, npn scrpeve epsbimu canoryior warpamsen- oim 2TOm menanbio ale sanMci- MOCTH OT CTapULMNcTBa BOMHCKUK macho Koropomy «Mean Mlovera> cra ‘ra sbiculelh BouHcroti Harpanoit CLUA. B wactHocr#, akT onpegenner, To ‘Tonbko «Megane Noveras apysaerca npe- anjeHTom CIA or umenn KoHrpecca, ace powne Harpane: epyvaiorcs oT ven npeawnesra, Ho He Kourpecca. CHatanont Bropom muposoi soitHs: Harpaxgenue ‘«Mepanvio Mlovera» crano npowaBoaMr CcaTonbKO 3a McKnIoWTeNbHyIO AOGNECTE, porenenryio 8 Goesolt oOcraHoBKe. C Tex nop Gonee 60% HarpaxneHuii Geno locyulecraneHo nocmepTio. «Megane Mlouera> — epmicraenwan soeHHan Harpaga CUA, Koropan 8 0- onveHne Kk O6sisHOM npoueaype npeA- CTasneHna BoeHHOCKYKaUIMK K Harpa- Ae KoMa}osaHvem npenycmarpusaer pencraanenne k menann onHHM ia Une nos Konrpecca. Taxoe npepcrasnenue yTBepxiaerca creuvanbntim axToM KOH Tpecca. Mpenctasnenne k Harpaxnenio apmeicko meganbio u menanio BBCpena oMmti0 6erTb nogaHo B TeYeHNe AByx eT C MoMeHTa CoBepWeHAR NoABHTa, a Ha- ‘payiteHne — COCTORTICA B TeYeHMe Tpex Jer, ANA MOPCKOH MefanM 3TH CPOKM Co CCraansioT TPH M Ns ser CooTBeTCTBeH Ho. «Meant Noveras, kak npaBinno, epy- ‘WaeTcA nivsno npesnjeHTom CIA. ‘Tpu Bapuanra ‘Megane Movera> BMC (Navy Medal of Honof) sannerca crapeiwmM eapm anTom warpage. Menans wmeet dopmy RepesepHyToM nATHKOHENHOM 38e3;1, Wa KOHUAX nyMel — mMCTEA maspa, CHM Bonvapyioue nobeny, v ucts Ay6a, ‘cumponianpyioune mous. flo YeHTpy, 6 oKpyxnocTa 3 34 38€32, no KonnvecTBy uusraros, sxonMeuinx s cocTas CIUA s 1862 rony, @irpaanposaHo wa06paxeHne AByX ‘$uryp: Boru myapocra Muxkepess, Aep- >xaulelt 8 neBOM pyre dacyun ~ cAmBoN BnacTM, 8 npasoh ~ uy, onmyereopa OWN enMHCTBO WraTOB, HW KONeHONpe- KoenHoro oTwaTHyBweroca oT GorMHn yxy, epwaulero 8 pykax Kny6OK aneit. Ourypa myxunies OnAYeTBOpAET asop,a KoMnosnyna B oGwem—noGeny yapoctn Wag pasaopom Apmelicxan «Megane Novera» (Army ‘Medal of Honor) caiana otnnvanace oF MOpCKOA Menann nnwe opMom Kpe- LIA Gap Ofaua narpaxxaer «Meganiolovera» xanranaaprint CLA lonmaa Coencova sa active snares Aiprancrate TSR, neHnA ee K KonoAKe - e3aMen AKOPA ‘HO Gti UcnoNHeHO & dopme opna, Pacnpasnewero KpbuIBA MH flepxaUIerO B KOFAX caGnio, pM 3TOM OH CAT Ha fByX ‘nepexpewjenibnx nyuikax. Ho B 1904 roay Konrpece yreepaun a6comorHo Hostiit Aveain megan, Ona wcnonnena 3 no- sonoweHHo GPoHsb mM npencrasnaer O60! nepesepHyTyo nATHKOHeNHYIO 3Beamy, yRpeMMeHHy!O Ha NOKPETOM 3e- enon 2Manio KONbYe B BHA NaspO- Boro senKa. Ha KaxAOM nyve see3qb1 HaXOANTCR 3enenBit MCT Knesepa. fo ueNTpy sBe3qH NoMeUIeH Kpyrnbih Ga- pened c v206paxeHnem ronoasi 6oru hn Munepsti 8 BoeHHOM wneMe. OKorio Gapenbea ~ nnockoe Kons\yo c Bbirpa- enporaHioh Hannuceo «CoenmeHtbie rare! AmepvKi, Ha oGoporHolt cro- ove menann BbirpasmposaHa Hagnch Or Konrpecca» (The Congress To), Hume KoTopoit ocrasneHo mecro a gamuninn Wo MMeHH HarpaxneHHoro. 3ee3na ABy- ‘ma ny4amn xpenutTca « NpAMoyTONEHOR nacTunke, Ha KOTOPOA BEIFpaBMPOEAHO ‘choso «floGnecte» (Valor). Hag nnacri oli paameujen penbedusifiGenoranoabit ‘opnan (cmmason CUA), xoTOpts xpeniarca xk rony6oMy myapoBomy wecTHrpanHiKy, a KoTOpOM pasMewjenti 13 Genbix 38e3, (camsonusupyiot nepatie 13 urraros, 06- «BESIMKAA NAPOBOSHAA FOHKA» Bra cneyonepaysn ceBepak Bo spems rpaxancKort soins © CUA Gonewe cmaxnpana Ha ronnnsya- ‘cant 6oeoux. Havanacb ona 12 anpe- ‘na 1862 ropa, Koraa rpynna Ao6po- Bonbyen 80 rae ¢ fAKeliMcom Suapiocom o6paTunace< npeanoxe- mem « renepany cesepan Muruen- ay. 3Haploc Hamepesanca GnoKMpo- Baro eaxkHbtl ONOPHDI NYHKT 10H Marranyry, nepepesas ee cna6xe- une ¢ Arnawroi. Asanuars asa Ao ‘6poponbua 80 rnase < 3HAprocom yr- ‘ann naposes y lexan m wanpaBunn ‘ero no menesMoh fopore, KoTopan coenunana Yarranyry ¢ AtnanToit, ‘OKNTaRi pM 3TOM 3a cOBON AepesaH- ble mocrs!, noBpexAan penbcosbie yr w epesan renerpagubie npoBo- ana. Tem cambim yronuunin xorenn Npepear AswKeHNe noesnos no menesHoh nopore, cneqoBaTendHo, w cHa6menue apmun WOra. Kenes- NOROpOXHNKN-OKaHE __NPeanpHt- ann nonbrray Aorware SHapIoca co ‘Tovapmuu Ha Apyrom naposoae. B peaynsrare aroi naposoanoi ronKn Yronunnn sce me Guinn cxoaventt, WecKonBKNX enoReK Ha MWK BTO- enencrann KasHinn KaK WNMoHOS. Hexoroppix m3 ancna Komanabi 3H Aploca nosanee crant nepsimn aMepmnanyami, narpaxnennoin «Menansio Mlowera>. BCEX BES PASBOPA B XX pexe narpamajenne «Mena- wo Flovera» ne 6pino peaKocTBI0, NocKonbKY Ma ToT MoMeNT 3TO Goma enMNcreeHnan amepuKan- ‘cKan Boewnan narpana. Bo Bpemn FpampaHcKoit Bonne: & CLA soen- Mbt manuctp CraHToH noobeman warpaqure 3Tol Menanbio ecex ‘conpar 27-ro nexoTHoro nonKa, co- PnacHBWMXCR NPOROMAMTE cny Gy ‘cBepx oroBopennoro cpoxa. 3ToT nonk o60poHan Baumurron 20 Pema cpaxcenua npu TertcGepre. Tipamepno tpucra wenosex corna- ‘cunice oTnomurs yBonbuenne Ha eTbipe Aun, Ho w3-32 Kanyennp- ‘cKoii OWMGKH Gbinn HarpaxneNDs ce 864 conpara nonka, exmovan Tex, Kro ocrasn cnymGy M yulen oMol. B 27H ropb: 6bino spyueHo ‘cebilue AByx ToicAY meqanei - Go- nee nonosune: HarpamneHMit 33 BcI0 McTopme sto: Marpap. asosasumx CIA), c Hum coenmunercn ‘yaposa weiinan nena rony6oro Ysera ‘«Meniant Mlovera» BBC CUIA (Air Force Medal of Honor) npnGnuawrensiHo Ha 50% Kpyntiee apmeiicro «Menann fo- wera». BMecro ronosei Munepssi Ha Hea wao6pamera ronosa craryn Cao6oats, a ‘open Ha Kpeniiennn wena sameneH Ha m6nemy BBC CUA. «Menant Mloverar HocuTeA Ha Myapo ‘of netTe rony6oro yBera nosepx wert- oro yana ranctyka TonsKO ¢ nonHow apap dopmon. Ha noscenHesHoi ‘BOeHHOA hope BMecTO Mean HOCHTER ononKa mesany. © rope MMLIMH Axexo6 Nappor oan aywacrioe ‘Benxi naposeaHon rome, epee Nerasee narpaxenik «Mefano overs BOEHHAA HCTOPHAEuye 8 Tlepsy muposyi0 Hemenxue renepami MeuTaym1 06 YENt- BepCasIsHOM IIynleMeTe, KOTOPBIIt C OM/ITAKOBBIM YCTIeEXOM ‘MOxaHO GziN0 Gb! MCTIOM:SOBATE M KaK PYSHOM, M KAK CTAHKOBBI, As CTpemsGeI 13 GPOHMPOBAHEBIX MAILE, 1 [Is OTHE TO Ca- MomeTaM, Takoe 3aMe%aTEMLHOe OpyxHe GLUIO CospaHO Bpas- rap Bropo¥t MMpoBoit BOMHEI M OKASAJIOCL HACTONIBKO Ya4HEIM, TO ocTaeToa BocTpeGoBaHHEIM 1B HACTORIee BPEME, OHeWHO, HeMeuKne reHepanbt He PEMA MaHMOSUWHO! M Gout roToBsi NoMepTBOBaT® PAAOM napaMe- ‘pos (rownocTs, y6oian cwna, Goesa- fac) 80 wR ApyrHx BbIrOR, CBRBaHHBIX © yownennem TaxTHMeckon rM6KocTA, ynpoweHWem cHaGxeHAA M oGyYeHHA wunoro coctasa. Hagexaa Wa To, WTO ewra Craver Aebio, npopesanace nocne onenenua Ha caer nynemera MG34, no- ‘nyanswero ceo HoMep no roRy NpAHA: “Tw Ha BoopymeHne Bepmaxra (1934 r).B cosnanin 3Toro nyneMeta npMiAnH ysia- Cctwe KOHCTpykTopls upMel «May2epo, 2WKecrradi sxsamex Bnpowem, nowckm — cosepwencrea poponxunnce, nockonbKy MG34 Guin ‘chwukom opor 8 npoMBsoACTBe M4, KaK okasana npaxtika, nocne manefuero BarpAsHenna HyMKBANCA B cepbesHoit B 1937 rony soeHHoe MunncTepcrBO Tpetwero pea OGRABHNO KOHKYPC Ha HoBbif equseim nynemer. CB0M paspa6oT- kM npencrasinn Tpw dypMbs, iM 8 pesynb- Tae npegnosTenne 6sino ovgano monenn Bepuepa Ipyrepa. Buinycrumia ee manona- ecTiaa KoMnaHnA «fpoccdyccs, pa6o- BOEHHAR HCTOPHA ‘Tauian 8 TecHoM napruepcTse c ropasyio Gonee mowo dupMO! «Maysep. B nepeolt napman Gov nporssenendi 1500 nyneweroa, nonywnaume uHgeKc MG.39/41 W ManpaBnenibie ® KoHUe 1941 ropa o6xarsipaTaca 8 cypoBsne ye- snoewax Poccai Bepmaxry Kak pa3 2aqana tpenky mon Mocksow. Hemupi Mepann 8 cHerax, HNN 8 OKONaX, FOHRKCS NO NecaM 23 naprvsarann. Hanagvt> HopmansHoe iaGixenne HiKaK He ynasarioce, n rnas- Hoe, To TpeGosanoce 8 TaKHX YCROBMAK ‘oT nynemera, ~ 370 HenpwxoTnNaocTS nnpoctora c6opr Hosoe opyxue 3t0r cyposuiit 213 ‘men sbigeprrano M Grin0 NPHMATO Ha BO- ‘opyxenne Bepmaxra non oBo3Hatienien <732-wm enw nyneuet MG.A2> OcHosHbie ero vaca M MexaHnaMel exmONBIOT CTBON CO CTBOREHOM KOPOS: OM, KOM, COUN, BaTENIAIMK CNM rnafiom, 22T80p, 2annpacuunit, nopaIo- Wi, yaapHist W crycKOBOA MexaHiaMs. Fpwnyun pa6ors! astowaruKn ociosan a ovgave creona. 3anupanne crsona ‘npowseoqmTca pasconAUMNcR 8 CTOPO- Ht ponnamn (Goessimn ynopamn) Ma- ‘Tpoki nogaioTca Bere cnesa Hanpaso, pwvem onwa neHTa MoxeT npcoenM- HaTeca KApyroi c noMoulbio naTpoHe Boobuje, BO MHOTMX CBOMK aneMeHTaX G42 nostopan npenwecrsenHnKa, 40, KcTaT#, cywecTBeHHo oGnerunno npo- lyecees 3anycka HOBO Mogenn @ NpoKs- ‘Bo_CTBO. Ho TaHKACTH, HanpuMep, Coxpa- inn BepHocts MG34, nockonsxy nogasa ‘narpovos 8 HeM ocyulecrsnanacs c o6e- x CTOpoH. Fnioc raGapu y Hero Gout xOTe M HeHaMHOrO, HO NoMeHDUE, a Ni nepeneprigaHinn saTsopa He TpeGosa- Oce oTpbIBaTe Nevo OT OpyxUA — Bce 370 MMeer Gonbuloe 3HaYeHe, Korg cH Anu 6 TecHon mauve. Boo6we, no pagy napamerpos «HoBu- Yok» ycTynan CrapwleMy TOBapinuly: Ha- ‘pwmep, rio xyuocta Goa (Ha 100 meTpOB accempanne cocrasnano 25 cn), TaK “To ‘ana Gonpureit TouHOCTH oroHs peKOMeH- RoBaNOcb BECTH KOPOTKMMN OMepeAANH ‘no 5-7 stictpenos. aro seimie Geum cxopocrpensHocTs (or 1200 stictpenos 8 munyry npoTus 800- 900 y MG34), nasansiaR cKopocre noneTa rrynu (790-800 a/c nporns 755 m/c), mend te macca (11,6 kr nporMs 12.1 Kr) Cxopocrpemsustit yrsmepcant ‘Anrno-aMepHKAHU NosHaKOMANMCe C repnalicroi Hosmxoit 8 mae 1942 ropa Tyunce » Gurge npu Tazane w oxpectann ero eusprynproi Fnepa. Kpacioap- ‘meh Waabieann aTor nyneMmer npowe — «xocrope3ta» 1 aro ecrecreenHo, sen nocne Toro, ax Kaxgomy ovgenenwo eepaaxra (ns 10 wenosex) cranw npaqasarenonyneme-7, AnomHocTs ora nonpasnenesinn 803 pactana HewmoBepHo. Momo cxasaTo, ‘To ¢ 1943 roa Ha yposte nexorix 4a- Tei ncn raxruxa o69poHEH HeMyeD Hcx0- ‘una unenno ws daKra cywecreosayinn MG42. Gyre ee Gsina npocra: onpenenuB yanosyo nosMuio Ha KOHKPeTHOM MecT- HOCTY, BecTH Oro no HacrynaIouleNy npoTuBhinky nephonnveckn sapiisaTy- ch 8 semmo wn 8 GeTOHHBIe Ka3eMars, nepemnnan aproGcrpensi n aenaHaeTs. Cpaxaauuncn 8 Poccam congaran sepmaxra HpaBHnoce, WTO OGcnyxHEaTE w 8ecra orokb Wa nynemera moxnHo 6sino, He chiman Tenneix nep4arox. Boiss Ad- patickoro Kopnyca PoMMena BOCTOp- Tanwco, o6HapyxMs, 4TO, naKe GynysMn acopen neckom, MG42 coxpatian cB00 GoecnocosnocTe. Vi, HaKoHeW, MMH: CcTepcreo s0opymeHMit noncuMTIeaNO koHOMnIo, noctMrHyryio GnaronapA Go- ee wacurra6omy npHMeHEHWO B HOSA open wiraMnoski W ToveNHO} CBapK. 3ror nynemer o6xopucs Ha 30% pews ne ceoero npenwecTBensinka npn eA6oe ‘menowev merannoeMnocrn TIpoGnema oxranqenna Konya creona peulanace ¢ To! me. congarcKoit NpAMO- To, To n y MG34, Haxanieuiica creon IRpocto cHMMancn M ZaMEHANCA Ha. pe- 3epentati, Cam npouecc samen! cBanwcr K MpOCTOMy wenKaHb0 BaXkHWOM M 32H wan yonsmrHoro Boia He Gonee 6ceKyHA. flo wraram 8 repwalickom nonky 1o- naranoce net 118 pysntix w craHKoBbix rynemeros, m8 yenoM 37a HopMa Bb Aeprisanace. BnaronapA NPOCTOTE KOH- CIpyAUMM roTOBiTs nyneweTsnKoR NOR ce 400 ¢ nnn Teles eeinyujerboe 18 1942-1945 rr. MG42 ynasanoce © KopoT- we cporn Mipn 2Tom HMKaKiE HOBBX MORWH- aut He nonsnanoce. Hav6oneuyo wapectiocrs npwo6pena cosnaHHan 8 1943 ropy w opweHTupooaHnan Ha HC onssosakie 8 ynmunex Gonx MofeND ¢ vexputenennii Ha 30 rpanycos cTeOnoM npr6opom sina 6ecuywno-Gecnnamen- oi crpens6us MGA2 Ha moro ner enepen sacron6yn ce0e mecto 8 cooTeercTayioujem ceKTope soopyxenni Secs uu y6anurs, xu mpu6anurs? Awepnianu CuTaIor, ero KOHCTPYKC lyn aToro rynewera coxasana srwnnine a paspaGorny Wostix npoMsiuneneix eronos nponssoncraa n yet cule ‘ono oxaabieare anne ta NpoHseoA- roo asromaTaecxoro opyauin Tete MG42 ne npocto surat Han KoH- cxpystopan pysnord opymun. ToT ryneNer Kapninanbiio oTmiiaercA OT ‘npyrice orcnynuuine ceoe BeTepanon, crwcanner nocne pasrpowa TpeTsero roma nynenera MG-42 ho 4 Kpona ropes 2Gron etna RSroop $coue i Ronaoupmvexanven ‘won seni fnnmens oraz 5. Byrom wxopota teranponinouan tryna enyaonaro wer rafipyeacraaer petra co ery wnn saneweso M8 Ka- SecToe «rymannTapHoi NOMOUI Packie sanenxno crpavian TpeTbero Mapa. Kak ronsko 8 1959 rony DeneparusHan Pecry6nuka Tepmaninn scryninna 6 HATO M npuctynuna k cospaHio co6cTeeHHOA omoueHHo apuwn - GyHnecsepa, Ha Boopyxenive TyF me Guin NPAT MGA2, NOTA cHABNEHHBIA CTBONON ApyTOTO Ka fw6pa (Ann yunduKaunn c cow3HuKaNM mo ansacy). Tlosme nonsanice ewe wecKonsKo mopuauit ~ py4ebr, CTaHKOBEIE, 32- HuTHtx, TaMKOBEDE, HO KAPAMHAMEHO He ‘oTnMaBuMxca OT CBOerO eNpenKa> Teor ner ymyswennn men we CconeKo KOHCTpyKTHBHEI, CKOMEKO TeX- onoraveckui xapaxtep:, perynnpooKa Luenmxa no ropwsosrann, nocronHHan no suicoTe nayuKa, akanka OcHOsaNAA NpH- Lene, xpommposaHine Hanpasnaioulei ssTyni cTBona v3 maponposHoro Mare- wana, noppwienne rnByvecTH creona Gnaronapa vcnons3osaHino ynysueHHb0x xaponpouesx mapox cranelt a TBepAoro xpomnposannn. WronbKo B 1968 ropy nonBHnace ocHo- saTensHo monepHnanposaHHan Monen® MG.1A3, 8 Gonoureit crenenn saTovenHan a crpens6y no sosayuntim yenane. HO ona He TaK YA CANEHO OTMMAUAETCR OT npeqwectaerna, V geiictenrenoto, cromr nn mente TO, \Wro 8 Hosom sapmanTe 3a5eqomo GyneT xyxe? Amepmkanuss, HaNPAMEP, eUIe BO Bpema Bropoit Muposoh sone nesra- ‘ave ckonuposate MG42, npycnoco6ie ceo BapHalTT non MpmHATEIi 8 aMepe aHcKoil apminn naTpOH. Ho, & KOHLUe KOH: os, OHM MaxHYN pyKOM, OGHapyxne, ‘4T0 napamerpst npoToTHna CAMIUKOM YK ‘ECTKO YBRZaHB HMeHHO NOR paaMepel Hemeuxoro narpova. WOrocnasst soo6uye pewmnnn, 70 oT A0- pa noGpa He muyT, TaK WTO Hx MoneND IApaKTHYeCKM HMNeM He OrnManace OT cceoero enpegxar. O6cronrenbitie ascrpniysr gonro kongosann Haq MGA2 m, BHECA, KaK BO- ANTCA, HecKonbko HesHaunTenbHbiX H3- ‘MeHeHuii, npmHAnH ero Ha BOOpyxKeHWe 8 KauecTse enHoro nynemera MG74, Kak sugno no nugexcy, Ha aBope Torna roan 1974 ron, w ananwTukn rosopi- AM 0 TOM, 4TO BOMB NpMHWUAMMANDHO aMeHaT cBoit xapaKtep: ace Gyger pe- late Texiika, 2 He OcMancKoiwunepi nporwsocToats opravwsoaanvoi Boek Hof cnne, xora Virani oGnagana pecona owmurrentioit mousse. Bonrapin n Cep 6a He 623 noouipenna ws Netep6ypra pewmnu nonbirare cvacroa wa Banwaviax Garo typeunan apmun Guia sanra no Imrkantt noe-KaK OTBUTSCR OT HTANBAI ues & CesepHoi Agpue. 18 BOEHHARHCTOPHA B mapre 1912 roga Bonrapua u Cep6ua ZaKnioUnNM APYKecTBeHHOe cormaule- ue, ZononHeHHoe BoeHHEiM JoroBopOM. Poccnn oTkpeiTo oTBOANACE pond NO” kposurrens m ap6mrpa no scem cropHsint ‘onpocam. BeKope Takne me oroBopel C Gonrapamn 2aKniounnu [pews u YepHo- opus, a noanHee - w Pymbinua. Tak cao: _xurica Bankalicrnti cores. C camoro Haa- Jia ero cosqakine o6ecnoKonno OpaHumio Aactpo-BeHrpiio. MocnenHan cama npereHjosana Ha sHauMTenbHble Teppi- Topi W3 Mncna TyPeUKMX BnaneHHi Ha Bankanax, a pakluyabi npocto He mena: nu yennevms anunana Poccan. Napiok ame vanaswn Ha WranbANyes, 4TO6 Te lockopee 2aKnouMAA MuIpHEIA BOrOBOP cTypunert, Kpome Toro, ascrpmiiyam 6tino ove- ‘8ngHO, TO STOT MOUINBIA cOI03 NOR no- KposuTensctsom Poccun nerko moxer bite Hanpaanen u npoTHe Hux. OBReK- ‘TWBHOCTH pami Haflo NpMsHaTe, WTO Alena Kopone [pew Koncrasrn lesan ‘apex BiaamTvicKoA munepan oun oprnrua venyratopos Banarcxin BH mento aK m oBcroanM. Meway Tem Ee ona rorosmnace K Gonbwoi BoMHe, Ha- ano KoTOpOM senyuyne AepxaBb: CuMTa .m nen0M BpemeH, Bonrapun, Cep6un n [peuna xorenn PACUMpHMT® cBOM rpaHHyss, 2 KaK MAHI MyM = akniouures 8 Roi coctae Teppuo: pw, HaceneHHble aTAMM HapogaMn. Vx WiTepecti 80 MHoroM npoTHaopeuAnhpy" apyry, a notomy 6tino peweHo cHa- ana noGepuTe Typumo a yxke noTom ne- ‘ute npmo6peresina, Bonrapia w [peuaa wecTe npereHposana Ha OpaKia; [pe- uma, Cepéin w Bonrapun ~ Ha Maxego- io; YepHoropaa m CepGna - Ha nopTe: 8 AnpwarvKe; CepGua m [peuna smecte npereHposanu Ha AnGaHio, Bonrapt x0- ‘enw 2anonysitTs CanonMKH ANA BEOXORA 3reyickoe mope. ‘Apminn cowstnkos shaunTensHo npe- ‘BOCKOAMNA TYPEUKYIO, M He TOMKO SiC: nenno. Y [peu Gein cospemenseii ‘nor, y Bonrapan - asaya. Cepbvi ‘ocHACTANA nexoTHBIe YaCTA M apTanne- iio HOBeMIWANN BHAAMN BOOPYKEHAA, ‘A typeuxan apa nepexvsana nepnon epesoopyxkeHnA, KOTOpbi HOMKEH Obl anepuunrecn @ 1915 ropy. Tak 4TO wak- coa y OcmaHcKoit mmnepan wsHasansHo Guino HemHoro, Benmxonep»xanuzre Boity Havann vepHoropues, 6e3 npeA- YMpexAeHIA BTOPFUNECA Ha TyPeuKyIO ‘Teppntopiio. Te He TonbKO He CMOrNA onpasnre arany, Ho M 2aNeM-T0 saneann 8 CepGmo. Ta oxoTHo oGwasina ocmaHaM oly, To Me caMoe cgenana Bonrapi w Tpeyma. Tak Havanac Nepean Gankan- ComaHnn oven Gictpo ROGAN yenexos. Alse apmnn typoK npaKraue- ‘xn nepectann cywecteoBate, Yeniie Ameuann w ropona chaeanice 6e2 Gon. Ecnu 601 6onrapei w cep6bi Aeiicreosann Gonee cnaneno, To sanrue KoHCTaHTH- HononA He 3acTaBMno Gbi ceGA xaTD. OnwaKo cpean cowaniKoe now cpaay Haviannce pasqopet. OHM Nlopoi He MOr- ‘nw goroBopyrticn, KTo KaKoil ropog nn npoBnH\we Byner oKKyniMpoBaTD. Bie- cro Kacryrnennit, 6ycnoarentibix BoeH- Holi nornkoi, soficka nopoh conepuwann Secnonestise, 2 TO m BpemHie MaHeDpsi ‘cyenbio 2aKpeniTe KOHTpON® 3a TeM Hn ut nyskToM. MHoi pas cnyuanuce oT xpertte ccopps. Hanpumep, rpeveckan apmnn sansa Canon, 8398 8 nneH mpakruveckn Gea on 25 000 nnenneox. BonrapcKan apwan conoayana Ha HeCKOMeKO AHEM, HO €€ KO- ahaylouyit Cran TpeGosaTe, T0601 KO- anawp TypeuKoro rapruaoNa nonnwcan nosropHyo KanuTynsuo. B pesynsrare onyunncn Gex06paaHisih cxaHgan, HO CCanownku ocrance 3a rpeKani. Boenble YCrexn BCKPYIKANA CONSHH- aM ronosbl. ORHOBpeMeHHo, HO HezaBM- camo apyr or apyra, 8 Benrpane, Copun W Abwiax eoskiKn Manes BoCcoRAaHUA Bennkwx RepxKas. Cep6ri 3amaxHynuce a teppirtopi o yan no AapuaTaue- Koro MopR. [peKM nownn ewe Aanbue: Oni RoBenH peu HA MHOFO HM MANO O Bospomaenun BizarnicKom umnepAn co cronnyeit yr nv He 8 CramGyne (cBe- ‘MKorpeveckan» Tea @ noni ronoc bina ossyuena 8 KoMUe Mlepsoi wapo- ‘80H softnei). Bonrapsi Toe scnomAnann Sbinoe Benne cede PonME! W Npe- TeHgosann Ha yaenmuerme TeppuTopAn Gonee em 8 ja pasa, EcrecrseHHo, 311 APOeKTE! 6biNN B2aNMONCKNIONAIOWWN, He rosopa jaye 0 cnopax YepHoropijes 4 cep60e H TeppuTopuanbienx npeTeHaunx ymin « Bonrapan. ‘OnnaKo TypKn, oKasasunce sarHaH- eum B yron, CMOrnM Bce Ke HAART OGopory Ha YaTaNDKUHCKOI nM ‘nog AApHaHononem. Tyt yike ONHyMcE CoTo cia w aacrpiiiuts: OHM ann 3HaTe & Cosmo m Benrpan, 470 rorostl scrynut 5 BoitHy Ha CTOPOHE OcMaHOS, ecrin He- MegmeHHo He GyneT nojNHcaH MApHbiA ‘Horosop. C Tpe6oBaHiem cornacuTaca Ha yerynkn k Typunn oGparunnce ece BenH kare nepxaet 26 nexaGpa s flonnove Havanvice MMp- ble neperosops.. YneHsi Bankascxoro ‘col03a CnoBHO COPEAMICE C YenH: TAKA pe6osaHuli u cTonb ecTKMK ycnoBHit He npempasnana TypKam pane PoccwA ocne camenx ApKix cBoNx noGea. B peaynbrare enact & OcMaHcKom wanepan aaxeaTWnM panMKANbHO HacTpOeHHBIE HaymoHanMcTEs, nocTe uero BOFiHa 8O2- ‘o6HoBnnace, Ha 2TOT paa ova cBenace K ‘osvyonnbam GonM H WITYPMy Tex Fopo- 0B, KoTOpHIe ewe yAEpAMBANM TYPKM. Tlocne norepn Ulkonepa w AapHaronona ‘OM NpHHy>KAIeHS! Gein nomT Ha nepe- oBopt Kak noccopwsmce comsHMki ‘Typuaa no ycnosnam mapa ormana Bankanicromy cosy sce eBponeticxne Ss Kapa Goesso pein so penn 7-ABanranccl noPis Cyman MemwenV slau synocnacno eronepxany corpecnane snaneni, xpome oxpectHoctett CranGy- ra m An6aHinn, xoTOpaa crana He3aBHCH- msn rocynapcrsoM. Kpome Toro, Typuns commana Kpur. Ho no yenosusim noroaopa ‘ce npvobperenns noSeaurenn Ronis! Geann nonenuts con, 370 WCranoNpHN- Hoi ccopes. Mexty coosqnKamn BO3HIK cnop 0 npwiannemwoctn MaKenoni, pani, ceeepa AnGannn. Hi onHO 19 rocygapcTs-yspemene BankaHcroro coVo3a He 6s yaosnersopeHo 6 nonHoft ‘Mepe JIOROHCRHM foroBopOM M pesyn- Taran sof. Cep6na He nonyswna fo- cryna x Agpwanine 3-28 o6panoeaHin HoBoro rocygapctea AnGannn, Yepnoro- pun ne sanana Ukonep, [peuna We npH- coenmunna x ce6e Opaxwo. Bonrapna tina HeRoBonsia npeTesunin cep6o8 a Maxenonnio, BOEHHAAHCTOPHA 1930 6eino Ha pyxy Bcem esponeiicKim CTpalam, TaK KaK BankaHcKnit cQks roa npotexroparoM Poccin Mor nipespatut- CAB rposlyto ciny. ABECTPMMUB! M HeMubi 6pocann nysuime punnomarnyeckne iinet a To, 4706s paccopire, 8 nepayio ouepegn, Bonrapiio n Cep6io. Nepean onarana, ro paa ee apna sHecna oc HosHoi aknan 8 noGeny Hag Typuve%t, To W Romxna nonyuirs Gonsiwe BceX. Cep- 6a wyscteosana ce6a o6qenenHoi, TaK ak He nonysnna nowTH Hiero.[oTOBACE K HenaGexHoh mupovor sohve, AScTpMR W Tepmanua crpemanuce mobo ueHoR aseaniT MoU\Hbil aHTUTypeYKHt GOK a Bankavax. CepBxanraxeran aprunnep Ka BooRol navn Opyays npowaseqen W 2aKyrneH 0 DpaHue 1 cepbam, w Gonrapam Haweroseann noraepno onto n To me: anwencapyine Manenonio m Carona, w npoext 803- PoxeHita Bennkol Cep6uu (Bonrapun) Gyger nogaepwan Aacrpneivfepmanine, To raparapyer MexayHaponHoe np¥ >have Tome aloe yuan n rp Bonrapsl. MERAY NpOwN, Ha arHTaLINO ve nogaance W Ao nocnesver® wacral Banh Ha TowoM coGmoneHvan Bcex fo roeopos wexy eam BankaHcxoro cowsa. A Bor cep6bi He YCTOANM M CTaNM kcHosof eotie Poccna niiranace scaueckn npenor separate pacnan cove. 8 Nevepbypre ‘wacrin i Baneanccon oie) (Cheea "yp enpasa - cepbs, Gosrapul, Bev YepHoropuet pexpacto noMMan, STO B cnyuae Ha ana GonbWor BoM MOUUHts KOHENO- ‘mepar GankaHcKnx rocynapcre 6yner He Tonbko yrpoxare ABCTPAK C TsiNa, HO WW ecrecrsennoim o6pasom orpexer oT ekTpanbHsxx nepxas Typunio. A 8 Tom, ‘ro ¢ OcmancKoii mmnepneit Ha 2T0T pas YYBACTCA noKOHUWTs BbicTpo M HacoBCeN, POCCHiicKHe BORHHBe M AUNAOMATE: HE Comnesanucs. OHM yxe crponnM nna bt 3axBara YepHoMopcKnx nponneos Kocrantunionons, Ho ecnm Get Banka ‘Ckwih coWo3 pacnanca, To B Cnysiae BOMHE Aactpnei u fepuated npmuinoce 641 parr Macey Cun Ha noRMepIKKY TEX Ke cepbos. Ha stom one © Cep6un cmennnoce paswrenscrao: K BnacTA MpMUIAK WO- BAHNCTINECKA HACTPOeHHBIe NONMTUKH, 1 Wiows Gein 2aKniowen cexpeTHbiit rpeKo- Ccep6cxiit norosop, Hanpasnensibsit npo- as Bonrapwn. Hemeukne qunnowats, ecrecTBeHHo, TyT Xe O3HAKOMMNIA C HMM Cosi. Borina Mexay 6siswnMi Comat au crana Hema6emHor. Bee na omtoro Gonraps paccurrasann mer eno Tomko ¢ Cep6ver w. [peuwei. OHM ppacronarann nro apwusin obujet weneHHocTsIo oKoNO 500 000 eno- tex. pexn w cep6s1 pacnonarann nos TH 400-TICAYHOM apminet, ewe oKoNO '50 000 mora abicraauTs YepHoropis, InpHMKHyBuaA K co103y. BonrapcKoe py- OBOACTBO coBpanoce OAKHM YABPOM Npepsath KOMMYKIMKAYHH COWSHHKOE, 3aTem nosepryts Ha CKonbe W oxKy- osaT> eco MaxenoHno. Nocne Toro cep6am npmunoc» 681 nov wa mo6ixe yeryricn Bonrapm Cep6u1 w rperm Human ocoGenniox BoenHen nanos He Meni. OHM pac ‘canrasann ChepraeaTs npoTHBHIKa no aceny poKTy, ORHoepeMeHHO BEAR AH nomarwseckyio araky Ha Cop. Kip epy,O6enniT Gonrap B HapyweHnn co rosriv¥ecknx aorosopos n AoGusarecA ee veonaymn, Poccaa nonbiranace 8 nocnes- hank pas cnacma cmyauino: Ha Ha¥ano wona 8 Flevep6ypre Goin sannanposan owrpecc ysacrHnnos Banxancroro cove- 32, KOTOpENh NOMEN Gon yperymApOBAT crops. 29 wows 1913 ropa Gonrapexne BovcKa 6e3 oBunaneHMA Boi NepeUInA B Ha- crynnenne ~ Tak Havanace Bropan 6an- xan soit. BaqnWo, 8 Cod peur 1m nionoxuTocR Ha Chny cBOero OPYAHA Aina. cep608 310 6tin0 nonHoA HeOK- ‘aviocTb1o ~ On omujanu neperoBopos sMerep6ypre. Cravana Gonrapam yaanoce nponsr HyTECA HemHoro 8 ry6>. TeppxTopA Teun # Cep6nn, Ho Te Goictpo npmuinn 8 ce6A W cmOrnH cHauana OcTaHODHTS Ha-cctynnenve, a noToM v nepeiirn 8 KOHTp- Hactynnenue. Bonrapexme conpiars He nonumann, oMeMy OMKHbt aTakosaT> HenaBHHx ‘colasHnko8, He Gein roTOsbl K MeCTKOMY ‘omnopy, 470 W OBycnoBMno KaTacTpody x apm 8 nepetse AHN BORD. Boennbie pevicrona Gein nepenece- Hut Ha Teppwrropiio Gonrapn. Mp non- epirKe rpeveckoro ‘nora ecaHTet co- O2HMKOR 3axBATANM HECKONGKO BaXHDIX yhkToe wa noGepexne, BO3HIAKna yrpo- 3a Coin. Ascrpua i Tepmaniia nocwmrann, “To Hacran yno6Hiit MomeHT ANIA npHCoeAM- HenKA K axTHBonrapcKoi Kann Ty- OK. pw 3TOM cynTaH HnkaKix npHKaso8 He oTfapan, onacance KoHgmMKTa ¢ Po ‘cnet. Pacnoprenne nepeiim™ rpaxnuy ‘omman nugep HaywoHanncros-MmaqoTy- ok 3Haep-nawia. 12 wionsi 225-TeicRunan ocmalickan ap- mua yctpemmnace vepes pexy Mapmua Bonrapexux wacrei 8 2TOlt acta crpavbt InpaktvMecki He Gvino, sce Goinh saneli- ‘cTeosanes Ha 3ananniom ponte. ‘14uiona e pahone Noopynxu # Bonra- iio Broprnace pymbinckan apmnn. 37a ‘cTpata eye 80 spews Neppoi Gankan- ‘cKO SOMME! gasinna Ha Codmo, nbrTaRce RoGuTecA oT Hee TeppHTopnanbHpix yctynox. Tenepe e Byxapecte He nome- rranu ynycrute ynoOHBIA MOMeHT W TIPU coenumunnce « coKay. Bonrapua oKasa- ace 6 TaKeNeMWeM NONOKEHAK: CHD sparos npesocxogunn ee apmno 6 82 C nonosHHon pasa, K ToMy me BOCTOK cTpaHst oKasanca npakraueckn 6e33a- uuwribim. B CuMTaHHBIe AHM PyMBIHCKME ‘vactn gown npakTuveckn go Copan, a ‘Typxn B3ann Agpmanonons m osnanenn Bocrounon @paxweit. 29 mon Gonra- eI 3anpocHni Mupa, Tak KaK BOaMOX- Hocrei ANA CoNpoTMBNeHMA y HHX He yay kopone Capbu Anexcanap Kapareoprnesn 8 rons Banrancurxeoe soarnaanaa Iocepboeye apn Mona nelicrais TIpmuino spew nenaty «typeuvoe wacnenctéo>. B Bytapecre _coOpanucs ywacriman nenasnen pois ce npome "ypu xoropom npeacronno Aoroeapy- Baroca ¢ Codmeii otnenbto. ¥ Bonrapwn ak y nponrpasuet croport oTo6pann owt ace npwoBpereHin, chenannbie 8 pela Tepe GanKancxon Bods. Kpo- me Toro, PymbiHaA oTo6pana y Hee flo- Gpynnya 8 ravecTee KoMnencauan Bon- rapmu nepenann yeHTpanbHyto Opakno. Banaue acex nonysnna Tpeuwa ~ n0- sumo Kura, ona nonyunra crombxo TeppiTopii so ee Hacenenne yeenn- sunoce 8 sa pasa — R045 munca e- ‘oven. 3hauitenono yornunace epi rnonyuwauan oxono 100 000 xeanparnix ‘eanomerpos TeppuTopin cnonyropa unninonanan vacenewin, Ho Tenepe ona the morna ronesosaTacn, raK pani, GeaycnosHoh noagepyKoii Poccnn, KoTO- pan Gua nenosonota Tem, To yyeTana Erinine na Bancanexna cons. B Merep- Gypre paccurusann ycunnsars Cep6w0 2a cuer Ascrpiay, ane Bonrapin “Wpetwar nexorapavoceren apo. 112ron Bonrapennt uaps @epannann npe- 6sisan 8 GeweHcree: «Mon mecro 6ynet yywactian, ~ snob! 6pocnn of Bon fmnnvicrpam. B Aosepulenne scero npi- lunoce sepryr> acts semen Typuin = ech pahbitle para npoxonWna no puroponam CraMyna, To Tenepb ona oTojeHiynace 8 mys Esponericxoro KorTunenra. Brnpowen, y Gonrap ocrarica Beixon 8 3refickoe mope. Cep6ua, onepxanuian age noGensi & ‘AByX BOMHAX W sHaNNTENbHO oKpenuiaR, epexeatuna y Bonrapnn ponb cunt Helen neprasei Bankaricxoro nony- Cctposa. Yeriexn HaCTONGKO BCRPYMNIA FonoBei ee pykoBORCTBY, 40 OKO Tanto BMeUMBATECR He TOnbKO 8 Rena ANGa- Hn w Tpeunn, Ho M B aBcrpaticKne ena, ‘CepGcxie cneycnyr6s npaxryNeckn 8 oTmpoiTyio peficteosann 8 Boesonnne ww Bochinn, npasirenscreo npanepyi. Banloch BOMHCTBeHHO pHTOPANKA. CoB- cTBeHHo,caBctpo-cepBcKoro KOHGIMKTA wnavanace Nepean Muposan Boj. Bnpovem, pesynsratsi Bropofi Gankan- Koi BOD! cMeNO MOXHO HazBaTm No- Geof aacrpo-repmalicxoi punnomaran Bmecto oTKpOBeHHO BpaxgebHOrO YeH- “Tpantitim aeprasan BankaHcKoro cow: 32, KoTOpbi opMeHTHpoBancA Ha PoccMo, On cosmann yeni KMyGOK NpOTABO- Peni, Paccopnaunh HenaBHMK coms HUKOB w CTasWInt MMO‘ saMepneHHOro ‘eiicrenn. Cnactu ot Teppntopmansitx oTepe cBoero comsHnKa ~ Typusio ~ 8 Bepnie He worn, #0 oGecrewnn yc ‘ROBNA, NK KOTOPSN 8 ByAYWeN BOvHE ‘ona He 6bina oTpesaHa or TepManwn. Bo- ‘nee Toro, ockopGnennan Gyxapecrcxim ‘orovopom Gonrapnn 8 Nepeoii mupo- Boi BofiHe Boobule BeICTynATa Ha CTOpO- He UeHTpanbHBIX NePHAB, MTO C MMXBOH KowneHcMposano sarpaveHnie AMTNO- maTayeckne Yoni,Sccipeen ue ctr Baar 1 on etehees Tloxanyi, 2 ons Bun XoNomHOTO OpyAUWIs He OKPYKEH TAKVM KONWMECTBOM JIeTeHR, KaK sMOHCKas KaTana. JlereHjapHEIM ca- MypaliCKMIM KDIHKAM NOPOHt MPUTMCEIBAIOT 4YTE Jt He MArv4e- cxue cpoiicrsa. Mexay Tem KaraHia — 9T0 TpocTo xopounsit Me. He camenit nyu 5 Mape, KaxK nopoii yrepxqaercs, Hou ane- KO He MpocTo sarowveHHas Momioca Cray. aA Havana NpMpeTCA pasBeRTy He- KoTOpbIe saGnymeHMA M onpene- AuTbcR: NTO xe TaKOe ANOHCKAR KaTaHA? Muiorve yamantca, yaHae, uro WaseaHne 370 MoABHNOCe AM & XIV BeKe, a WN OKO MCNOMSsOBaTECA KaTaHBL Cran oace CronetweM nosme. fo 3T0ro Mey, KoToptili vcnonssosann caMypan Ha onax cpaMeHini, Hasbisanca Tarv. Vint cpaKaNNce AMOHCKHE apHCTOKpATH BO BpemAa mexgoyco6ny, pasanpasuinx patty 20 Tex nop, noxa s KoHUe XV BeKa ee He oGbenmMun Ona Ho6yHara. Bor Torma-To aMecTo Ta M BOULAN B MOBY Gonee Koporxwe M nerkne KaTaHbs. C Hx loMouIbIo caMypan AleMoHCrpmposann cwoe mcxyccrao dexTosannr, paspy6an CBASKH NpyTbeS, WM cpaxKAmce APT C Apyrom 8 noenMHKaX. OfHaKo 370 BoBC He o3hataer, TO KaTany CToMT socripiM- Hnmare HecepbesHo. HanpoTMs, wMeHHO SOnnoTMBWAC® & Hei, BeKOSBIe TpanM- UMN ANOHCKMX OPyReMHAKOS AOCTATTN ceoero cosepwencrea Mason cnoes Tamm, m KaTaha OTHOCATCA K OnHOMY Twny meyer ~ naiiTo (Horna Henpasin- Ho npowsHocuTca Kak «palikaraHas). Pa surve gaiito Haunsaerca c VIll-IX Bexos. BOEHHAA HCTOPHA 3a cronema cnoxwnace yHaKanbHan ‘Texninka KOSKA KnMHKa. 3TOT_npouecc 3aHnMan Heckonbko Henens. OpHOth 43 rmaBHnx npHuNH Toro 6bVIO ANOKe Ka NecTeo xeneaHoit pynbl, KoTOpy!o RO6bI- Bana anionuyps Ha cBowx OcTpOBAX. HTOGet pwgare metanny KnwHKa HeOGKORAMYIO ‘TeepAocTs, c HMMM TpeGosanoce npone- ‘rare Hemano MaHIynAUAA, Crayana 3aroroaky 2anneann pacrao- POM rnuibi w aacvinann 30n0F - 370 yaa~ ‘nano wnaKw. 3arem MeTannmeckuit Opy- Cox nniowyanca, cknanbiBanca nononaM m poKostieanca. 31a onepauyia nosTopa- ‘ace oF 10 90 20 pas. Bnaronapa et yrne- oa, Conepaauntica cranm, pasHomep- Ho pacnpenenanca no saroroske. KninHoK Raitro Mor uMeTe AO munnnoHa cnoes (28 20-A crenenn!). OnHako macrep non- 2xeH Gein 30pKo CheaMT® 3a TeM, WTOGEs He epe6opuyrr ~ eran mor crate cnMus KOM TBepAbIM u, KaK CneACTEME, xPYNKUM. Korga weoGxonuman TBepAOCTS MeTaN- za Geina gocturnyta, sarcToBKy KAMHKa akkypaTHo crnGani eons no cer AnMHe Ws nonysMewiyioca BbieMKy BKnanbIEATN Gpycok Gone markoi cram. 310 ~ cepa- yesna m o6yx nessun. Bnarogapa TaKon ‘cTpyxtype Knox faitro nonysan Heo6- xommmie Kayecrea ~ Teepqoe, ngeansHo Tloncrasxa ans xounnexaxonoayor0 opp canyparratoneargaacni Tamra Repmaujee sarouRy nessMe W ynpyran ‘ocHosa. Toa npenensHon HarpysKon me4 Mor axe cnerKa cOrHyTeCR, Ho He cnO- Flocne npoKoskn Hactyniano spema 32 ankn ~ ewje ontoro TanHcTsa, cexpeTet koTOporo macTep He packpeisan HAKOM, Pome cBomx Gminxaitulinx NOMOUIKUKOE. Kninwok wacTwo noxpsieanca creum anbHoit nacTom Ha ocHoBe rninity, packa- ‘nana AO ctporo onpeneneHoro oTTeH- ka Kpachoro upera m norpywanca @ 6aK CC Tennoit Bon0A. MMeHHo 8 3TOT MoMeHT KAAHOK ecTecTBeHHEM O6pa20m NPM o6peran ceo war6l 310 npowcxo~ino 332 MaMeHeHMA aTOMHOH CTPyKTYPEL ‘weranna nog sosgeiictavem Temneparyp- pix epenafios. Kpome Toro, nog maa Hofi nacroit BosHinkana ornnatoulaRca no lupery nonoca agonb ne3eita, KoTOpyIO Ha-1 Pyro [Link] ayes” ‘Yepennewoxnnnna [Link] 8 Saxanenasiiconun km ‘ene THlesave 9 Hox abigann aknGa.O7 «Marko 4acrn KAMHKA ee ormensiia Tonkan nies ~xaNoH.B pas- Hix macTepcKinx ee enamn N0-pasHOMy,. Fe-to npamyio, fe-to BONHNCTYO, (Ae-TO ‘expe 2aTenMabix yaopo8. Bcneg 3a acem atwm Hacrynano Bpema ‘32TOUKH, NoMApOBKH M, HaKOHEU, CaMOrO kniahka. 31M 3annMance cneywand- ble miogit ~ yeaxaembie npodeccuowa- ‘is, yenyr KoTOpeX cToMN HefeWesO. B pashble spemena Kann cnerTeearn Ha pastbix npeamerax. Mopoit 310 Goin Meanbie nnACTUHEs, Nlopolt ~ cARIKM Ay- Goabtx wectos Hunn conoMeHHbIe CHONG! C Gan6ykom 6 cepequne. A utorna opyxcne 6e3 2areit wcromeieann Ha nprroBopeH- rx cMepTH npecrynikax wn Tpynax. Kpacussre Tarn 6bin 3ameTHo Gonbwe KaTaHbs. Ero xouniox nocraran 8 any 120 cx, a Bec ‘Boxoawn 0 nonyTopa Knnorpamnos. Ka- Tava XV gexa wena KAMHOK BCero nla ‘okon0 60 cM AnHoi W Becnna OT 750 RO 1200 rpamos. Mpasaa, « XIX sexy oH «nonpocna» no 80 cM. PyKORTH penance ApowaeonbHOn ArMH TaK, “TOBE Bra eMbly yAO6HO Gtino NepexeaTbiBaTb sew payin pykanan Kpome Toro, KaTaHbl OTMMYANMCe TO- ppaago Gone sbiuyprioi oraenoi. Tart Goin MpocToIM yHKYWOHANbHbIM Opy- ZxMeM, @ KaTaHD! ~ CHMBONOM BHICOKO- ro cratyca camypas. {Jo conepwencrea uno AoseneHo ace - axe onnena PYKOATH WENKOBbIM WHypoM 6biINa He Tonexo ygo6Ho, HOW maKcnmanbHo acTeTMUHOA, a yx durypHEIe uyGeI (rap- ‘Au meved) npesparanice 8 HacTORUyne Rpowspenenun veryccrea. pu 3ToM Crore co6nionanca rasHbii npmAuAn — ak 6.1 pockowino Wn Bbirnagena KaTaHa, ‘on onva Guna nonhocrsio coxpansrs 2000 dynxyvonansHocTe. Baia ni npn aToM RceM Karana ys ‘wim meom Bcex Bpemen v HapoRO®, KaK nopoit yreepnaetca? Hesasncnmve nc- CcrenosaHns noKastisaier, uo Her. Coa- ppsate 6pycKA paanaultexx cOproR Cran, \oGis Nony4Te BBicoKoxavecTBeHHSIA 10. Kansuo ana noureni rmxponnen na creny KWOK, ymenn ewe KenbTD! 8 V BeKe 0 awiem pei. Crombie Texnonorimn 32- Kann TaKoKe Goin wamaBHa WaBeCTHD! MB Eapone, w Ha Brixnent BoctoKe. Tak 4To ‘ANOHcKHe AaitTo Gout xopoUIMMAn K sae CCrmMuHAMn meNamu, HO OTHIOAD He YH ranbebin. Flo-acroaujemy sbiaiouunnca wx ne- ‘nano OTHOUIeHHe CO CTOpOH! OKPYKaIO- tx. Co cRoficTReHHOM Ha negaHTTHHO- ‘cTp!o AMOHUB: aN HaBBAHNE KaKAOMY yuacray Kninhia m OGCTaBMIM KaMabu 3ran paGoTet Kak ceAujeHHonedicrene anu KongoacKolt o6paa, Mpenctasnenne o Karane Kak 0 xayWe ‘camypan» cbopmuposanoce Tonk & XVI Bere. K aTOMy >xe Bpemenu cnommncn ‘cTporwii stuxer anoHcKoro mea. Karana HOCMRaCE & HOXHAX, 2aTKHYTENX 3a LMPO- Kitt onc, OGnSaTeNLHO Cc NeBOA CTOPO- Hut nesevieM eBepx. Ecnn camypait xoTen pogemoncrpuposate Aosepne « coGe- cepHnky, oF Nepemeuyan Mew Ha NpaByIO ‘cTopouy (rak ero cnoxHee Geino Beix6a- "Tars) wn Klan cripasa OT Ce6A PyKORToIO snepeg, @opmoi svipaxenna oco6oro yeaxe- Hin msnanace npoceGa nomoGosatoce Mesiom rocta. B 3TOM cnywae ToT nOBO- pauwaan ero pykoRTbio K Cebe M HeMHOrO DBoTacKMBAN 43 HOH, NOKAIBIEAR HaCTE nina Bosne uy6u. KacaTbca KAMHiKa ro- ‘DOM pyko¥i GbiIO HemIbsA HM B KOEM City> ‘ae! 310 nenanoce TonbKo wepe3 wenkO- ‘Built nnaoK un puconylo Bymary. pw asopax wmineparopa m cBryna co pemenem soahnkna cnoxHevwian cACTe- Ma opyxeiinoro araKera. Dna KaKgoro ‘yan nonaranoc BbiGupare cneunans- Ho npeqHasHaveHHbi BapaHT onpastt HoweH u pykonTH. B aTix cnyuanx MeN BOCHpMHMMANAce cKOpee KaK YaCT» KO- crioma, eM ak opyane yOuricrBa, Wace me kavaHa ocraganace fpo3Htim OpyrkvieM, CNOCOGHIM HaHOCITs TAK ‘bie patel. OcHoBHtIM nopaNaowyAn ‘eticronem Gein py6runi yqap, nepexo: ‘AAU B pexyuINh, Tarone NOBONDHO aK- ‘BHO MCTONsOBaNMce YKOMB! OCTPMEM. B AnoHMM copmnposanoce HecKOnEKo kon extosanin meuoM. 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Ha ‘caywain npopsisa nogBinxHEle pesepsds K uncay Taknx yrpowaembnx yuacTxos foriocuncs sauymujaembii 22-1 aBcrpa- ‘uiicKoR Gpuranom cesepo-socrouHeit Geper, B6rvan KoTOporo npoxoAMNH wocceiiwan n wenesHan Roporn. Mero anece Awacura w peulmn oprannsosatb nepenpasy. [Jna coGmiogenms Taine! Bce xuTeni 8 nonoce manu or nponuea Ginn Boicenenti, a ece nnasajoulne cpencTea KonpuckonaHts, «Ha xapry nocrannexa MecTs uMmepsi. YrpON 8 espana Kavannce GoMBERKA wi aproScrpen ascrpanniicknx noanuiti, Ho Nepensant curran, uro He npowcxo- Zr wnvero axcrpaopanrapHoro. B10 4a- os nevepa NOMS Ha COTHAX NOHTOHOR, OROK M CaMoRenbHbX ANOTOR Hava rnepenpany. BprTaHcKiit npomexropHts Tonk Men npwKas nopere BKNONATS Cocseulenne; aprummepuctos © TOM, 410 ‘npowcxonWT HesTo aKcTpaopAMKApHOE, Tome HMKTO He yeenomNn. B o6uleM, euicanneaiouynxcn wa Geper camypace ‘scrpevan Tonbxo oroH nexoTs. K yrpy 9 eepana Ha saxcavennon rmaypapme cxonwnace —0-rucsuian ‘pynnuposxa, ax sevepy Tyna npuGein w acuta co cBow WraGOM. Yaiieenn yRepware ropOR YE He Ha- AEANCR W KARO O¥eHD cHoeBpEMEHHO ‘oman ce6e fea pe6pa, nocre wero Guin aeaKyupoean 8 Vynwo. B rocnutrane OH nonyunn tenerpawiy or Yepunnn: <3a- LWrHii, ovenngHo, aHaNNTENbHO npe- 0cxORAT no CBOE! WNCHeHHOCTA SoH ckve BoiicKa, POPCMPOBABLIME NPONMB, M ecru Goi Gyner BecTuce, KaK cnenyer, 7 Comm nonet paabiTe Anovyes. Celiac he cneayer Aymate 0 TOM, wro6u cnacTH noticxa wnn y6epevb Hacenerme. BuTBy hepyer BecrH fo KOM, Hero Gel 370 HA cTowno. Komakapbi 4 crapuime odmue- PA AOMHbl yMepers aMecTe co cEOMMK congarawn. Ha Kapty nocrasnena ects Bpirancroit wanepian mt anrnicroi ‘apmnn. A nonaras, «70 Bot He nponoiTe ‘cancxOnGteHNA x KaKOIt Get TO HN BuO cena6ocr. 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Fwacnra noMAMaN: ecnM aHrniane fame pocro 6yayt cHgeTs 8 o60pOHe, eMy IpwgeTcA OTBORMTe CSOM BORCK, 10 aHanno npowrpsw. MoH pewnn nop: Bepriye GpwraHyes ncyonorMecnoMy npeceniry. Chawana x nponepxann non nana yim consijem, a 3aTeM nposenn 8 Tecwoe ‘romewerme w norpeGosann 6e20r080- ouHion Kanwrynauun. Nepcusanb no- Craswn Gensit gnar 8 yron w cxasan, 70 ononvatenoHti oTBer facr 8 nonoguy ‘onmranuaToro Bevepa. fmacuTa pewnn Hn 8 KOeM crys He BHMyCKATo HK OTCO- 2a w, 3acTy¥aB KYMAKOM NO CTO, SOKDH- Sian, To ecnn He nionysr orgera HeMeR- enHo, ero Boca nepehayr 8 owe actynnenne. eponsant snan 8 cocro- anne cTpecca, nsTanca OTnOKIATS pewe- ne Bonpoca, Ho @ KOHYe KOHo® Orman npmKas npexpata oroH ® rionoene ‘esmToro sevepa. ExMNcTBeHHOe, TO (oH cymen serToprosatp, ~ 370 OGewaHne aenate «ace BosMoKHoe> {NR MAPHOFO SpurancKoro Hacenean Tlanenite 8 Cinranype Sinonin ormesa- za Kak HauvonanbHoi npasqHM: KADER cemba nony4nna or npaswrenscrsa naKe- “x Rac 60608, a KaxAHI PeBeHOK or 13 ner — Kynex c nenesam M no8oR ‘ana panoctn peiicrourensHo wmencn: CauipHehwan Kpenocte oxasanace 32 xeavena 6 pesynbrare yanenTenbHod no axepr (n name Haxanecrey!) onepauyn rnpotms Gonee cunsHoro, HO MopansHo ogasnenoro Henpusrens Kak rican acura: «Hawa crparerna Gouna wncreim Gnedpow, Ho Gnebou, oro- pi nam yaancs, © Awurpni MHTIOPH BOEHHARMCTOPHA 27eGo Borne ba 0)=} =) lal =), 4 CAMOJIETOB eee rerCp eer Pu neecasty cc sd Pere ee ee rte eure aes Dresser suena parce eter ener cue ee ere ecn cc! 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Mpororun camoneta nopHAnce & Boaayx TonbKo 6 wiona 1945 ropa, KorAa axTuveckn sce Goesble Aelicrenn yxe JaKoHWce, VmeHHO no3Tomy nepEo- Masanonbih 3aKa3 Ha 500 MauIMH Goin ‘cwxen go 270, aro MMeHHO Ha «TenH mycTaHre> Guna onepxana nepsan sosayuHan noGena ‘aMepIMKaHCKOM aBHa\NH BO EpeMA BO! ‘8 Kopee. 27 morn 1950 ropa axunaxken s cocrase nerunKon Yunbama Xagcona ¥ Kapna Opelisepa Gbin c6ur cesepoKo- Pelicrnit fi-9. A Hemmoro panee, © 1947 Fony, nerunku PoGepr Taxep i Dixon Apa, ycTaHoswam Ha F-82 He noGureiA 0 CHK op muposoi pexopa fansHocTu nonera ‘Ana nopwHesoro wcrpeGurens. Onn Ges ocagox npeononenn 5000 mans ot fo onyny go Hov0-Mopra. Kram, «Taw my: Cran» Cran nocnenHnm ucrpeGurenen ¢ opuinestim suratenem, wcnonbs0eae: wna BBC CWA. ‘Daunane: 2 venoseKa Macca: 7271 Kr Maxcumansaa ckopocre: 740 km/s Mpaxrmyeckit noronox: 11.855 Nlynemeros: 6x12,7 wm Browning M3 Panerbi: 25x127 wm Bom6pi: Ao 1800 xrCamoner-ami6u%.BBA-14 Orpomian seprimansHo saneraowan amn6us Gouna mobuMEM AeTHLYeM co- BeTEKOTO aBHAKOHCTPYKTOpA_wTamOA- cxoronponcxoxsenns PoepraBapTawn No TpeSosanino saxaaunka ~ mnnncTep- Crea o60poKt, KoTopomy NoHaROBMNCR ‘Taxol wygo-camoner, oH sien opMyny eneannoro tpaHcnoptHoro cpeacrBar. 370 poMmKeH Guth camoner-ambu6un, cnocobubin sepnacansHo eaneTate (n0- ‘ROGHO Repronery unit c ucnonss0Ba- HneM Bo3sqyWHOM NoAywKH) o6naqa- ‘oui npa stom rpysonompemHocTEIO ‘moperoro cynva. Han Coananine TaKoro yutwepcanbioro nevaiowero MoHcTpa» Baptunn rpyawnen wecKonsKo ner. Ha- owey, oceno 1972rona coctonnca nep- abi venerrarenbi nner npoToTana Yhitkanbioi maui BBA (eepraxanbiio sanerarouet andpuGv) 4 Thaavol «ronoBHofi Gonbio» AAR KOH ‘ctpyktopos crano cosqanne qourare- nei, cnocobHux oGecnewnTs weprn- Kano ganer TaKoit maxi, FlosTOMy 8 fanbieiwem paxpaorann monubm- aun 14M, cnocoBnyso aeiicreosars 2 pexiie Kak canonera, Tak vt 9KPaHo- ava. Maunny, nerKo cKonbanuyio Hag 80- Aoi Ha mano; suicoTe, nnaHHposanocs \icnonbaoBaTe, & TOM SHCNe, WR OxOTE Ha nogaoaisie nonKA nporuBHaKa. Ho OMCTpYKTOpEL CTOMKHYNNcS ¢ HeNPeO- AOAMMbIMN NPOGNeMAMM, CBASAHHDIMM C ynpasnennem 4ygo-ampu6ner. Xora pa- Gore npononxannce 8 Tevene ewe nay ret nocne auepra Baprann 8 1974 ropy, npoekt Tak u He Gis loBeneH fo KOHUA W camonet-amovOna He Gbin npnHAT Ha soopymenve. ocneannm ny6nnurtim onanennen BBA-14 crann vcnsTaHin & TTaranpororom 3anuse Az0scxoro MopA 1976 rona. Dawnan: 3 venoseKa Macca: 35 356 Kr ‘Mancumanbuan cxopocto: 760 K/4 Mpaxruueckinii noronox: 10 000% Boopyxenne: 2 asvatopneasy, nn 8 agnannts ATML-500, ‘wai 16 60M MIAB-250 «lerasouptit Traxx» B-40 Dry anooniky NpwRyMan 80 BpeMA Be- woh Orevecroeinon Boies Torna eule Manonasectubin aBmaKoncrpyRTop ner Avrovos. Annapar rion HaasaHeN A-40, van eKpoumstTaHKa>, npencrasnan co60h rinahep, k roTopoMy yennaca oGner4en- ott TaHK T-60,Towee, Tank cTaHOBMTCA cocrasnoit wacroo mmarepa. Nocne 6ykca- ek cawonerom nmaHep oTUeNnANCR OT hocitrenn na paccrontatn3a 20-26 KnoMe “p08 no TOXKN npwGeMNeHNA copePUAN Gecuyniyo nocansy. Ta € Tara crv ;m npeinon w xBocToBoe onepevine, noche ‘ero oF roro® Guin Hemenmenio BcryrT 8 Gol. Vcnonsa08aTe Sty KOHCTPyRLINO peanonaranoce ya nepe6pocKA no 803- yxy 60220) Tex napTIBAHAM H OKY- veniam sacra Kpacioi apuann Hn me ‘a Geicrpoi nepeG paca enki TaHKOB a pamowse uacran por Banpene 1942rona eTown Guin waro- rosnen exvincreevisit ons o6pa3e4 sneraouero Fanta, a¢7 aBrycra no 2ceH- Ta6pA oA MocKBOM now ero HET Tanuna. [IA Toro YToGbI NoAHATS nnakep € TaHKon, 6sin saneticroo8an camoneT- Gykcuposuyne TB-3 c eTupoMA ycune- wm woTopaN. Yes, Ho nese xopaK- Tepucrini «Kpbinbes Takka» oKasaric Gniaxa x rym. Bonbivan macca W nnoxaR obrexaenocts Tana T-60. HacronbKo yxynwana a2ponmannny KoHcTpyr, so nnaep We yaanoce nonHsT Ha BEICO- 7 Gonsive 40 merpoe. OvesiaH0, Son ne- o6xonMm Gonee MOUHbI GyKcHpoBLuMK. Ws cronouin na Boopymevonn maul NO TextinNeCKAM XAPARTepACTHKAM HO. ST pons nopsonan Goubaprmposupnk Ne Ho wcnonsaoeaTe wx nna Taxi k30TINe- ‘rine yeneti Guano Gor [Link] ‘poet 6uincBepuit awn: 2 venosera Macca: 7800 kr Maxcumansuan ‘ckopocte: oxono 130 KM/t (npx Gyxcnposxe camonerom T6-3) Mipaxtmyecknit noronox: Her jab Boopymenme: nywna 20 mm, nynewer 762M Camoner-paspeyamx Blohm&Voss BV 141 Mone cocero camoneTa HemeuKan dbvpma Blohm8ioss npencrasura Ha KOH ryPC No paspa6orKe HoBoro camoneTa- aasequnka, oGuRaneHbi Mnepcarn muwuncrepereom aBvauin TepMaiinn B 1937 ropy. XoTa dvpma He Guina ony anoHo nprirmawiena KyacTH B KOHKYpCe, ee KOHCTPyKTOP Pavapa @orr HeMano no- “pypunca, coapaean HeBwanisih nocene serarenthiih annapar. Uwninapnveccnt dosenme« Gein nonHocTeo oTBeneH NOR aamewenve ngvrarens. Senne pas eujancs 8 npo3paiHol FoHRONe ¥8 OPT Crekna, pacnonoxeHHort cnpasa nocpeau puna. 310 cooTaercreosano rmasvony TpeSosanino mnnctepcreaaeWau MaKe CwansH 0630p ANA ssinoMHeHMR OC HosHoft saan ~ passenkn mecTHocTa. C ‘oll me yentio xeocroBoe onepeHine Gino o6pe3aHo cnpasa KM cMeweHo eneso. B avecTbe CHRONO ycTaHOBKA si6pann S-ynnnnnpossi eurarens eoazyunoro ‘oxnareaienn® BMW 132 (960 nc ‘Acimverpwsisil KOprYC 3TOFO caMO- ‘era puiabiean Brioni pesonribie CoMie- MA y aBMa\YNOHHbX Cne\MANHCTOS 8 TOM, MoeT ni 2Ta KONCTpyKUWIA BooGule oTO- peaToca oT sewn. OnHaKo, x yawenenno cxerunoe, BV 141 Ha cnbrTaHARKHe TON Ko saneTen, Ho MW nponemoHcTpyposan Bsnonie MpANAAyI YCTOFKUBOCTe W Ma espentocrs 8 Bosnyxe. Bro xe spewnce- peste npoGneme!y nMnoTOs BosKMKANA pw aaxone Ha nocanny. B cacreme waccM ocToRHO OTKaabiBaMa THApABNIAK, He seyepxnsaioujan Beca Maun. Oxi Ha INpororunos 8o |pewn ucnbiTarensHorO onera Guin suinyxneH npowssectn asa- prianywo nocanKy «Ha 6pI0x0», Noatomy ‘noGeny 8 koHKypce onepxan npoekt DOK xe-Bynuga, a npovasoacreo BVI orpa- nnnoce TpeMs Onbmiein o6pas4aNK nepeovi cepuel ws ror maw ‘Buananc: 3 venosera ‘Macca: 5700 kr ‘Maxcumanpian cxopocre: 438 xw/s na obicoTe Mipaxraueckiit noronox: 10 000m Boopymenue: 4 nyneweta 792 mm BOEHHARMCTOPHA 29Dornier Do Bo apemn Bropoli mmposoh BofHsi ‘BMaKOHCTPYKTOPEL BCEX BOIOWOUINX ‘cTpak Gsinn Becema oxa604eHsi npobine- ‘MOM yeennenna mowOCTH ABHraTeNeH ‘ann nopuiwessnx camoneros. B cepennie 1930-xrogos oni BapnaHTos Pewe us. sto npoGnemsi cTano TaHAeMHOe paanewienne qswrarenelt. OnmH i A6h- rareneih pacnonaranca anepean w Tayn Bospyuiyio MawMy Bnepen, a BYOOH = TTonxan ee csaqu. Taxne camoneTts 4acro ‘ak Haabisani: eARW-TONKAD. 8B 1943 rony dupwa Domier, souarpas- lan KOHKyPC Ha cO3paHie yRapHoro ca- Moneta Hosoro Tuna, npumeHMna sToT ‘npuwan a ca0ero Hosoro mcrpe6ure- _nn-BomBapauposuynra Do 335, Korps sauje Hasbieann Pfeil («Crpena>). Toma Mo TaHReMHOro AeUTaTeNs, YHUKANSHOM ocoBentocroio Do 335 6tin0 Kpecroo- 6paatioe xeocrosoe onepenue. Bce 3T0 enano mauimy oveH® Guicrpol W. Mar eapenort Mipaeza, 8 cnyvae asapuitio- ro noxnnaHua camonera munoT nonasizn ‘Ro 3aAHNT TOnKaIOUIA BMT. TOBE cnacti ero, HeMeuKse KoHTpyKropsi fnepabie s Mnpe npamerinn Karanynry. CCheynanstaa vacr> nipreade, KoTo- pan ommna Gina paspaGorans TaxTaKy oesoro nprmenerien Do 335, Guna chop: smupoaava 8 cexTabpe 1944 roqa. Onka- Ko HM onworo noATBepxneNHOTO daxTa oapyuioro Gon ¢ yuactwem «Crpensi> He wmeetca. Ect ToneKO OTpDIeONHbIe coopers 06 opHom camonere, oBcrpe- swtHom covoaHKaMn Hap OpaHynet W CO- ‘epulnawem asapuiyio nocanky, a Take ‘0 Hecxonoxnx scTpeHaK 8 BoBAYRE, Korma Hemeunan wauma nerro yxonna or npe- ‘cnenosar, Ho He seasbisanace 8 Oo. Tak ‘ro HaKoro PeansHOro BnusHUA Ha OR ov 37 ebinyuyenx Do 335 He oxazann ‘Bruna: | wenosex ‘Macca: 10 100 xr ‘Maxcumanpian cxopocte: 770 /\ Fipantwecknit noronox: 10 190 m Flywann: 130 nam, 220 m0 Bom: 10 5500 kr (6 GoMGoorcexe va pHeWHel nopBecKe) 30 BOEHHARHCTOPHA OpHoh va oT¥aRHHDIK nonLITOK He- ‘MeuKHX KOHCTPyKTOPOS OTTAKYTS HeMS- Gextioe noparenne 80 Bropoii mapoeoii Bole crana paspa6orka KoHUenuMn ‘camonera-Topnens! «Mucrent» (8 nepe- pope ¢ HemeyKoro «Omenas). B apyront Bapmanre sry ciictemy Hasbisann «flana Coit, TaK Kak Ona SKMONaNA B CGA ABE awn. Onta m3 Hux Gouia HocuTeNeM, ‘pyran - 2apanoM. B pon etopoit, KaK pasnno, sbicrynann pasnmubiie MoAM- Guxayin Gombapanposuyna elOnKep- a» Ju 88 - camoro mHorogyrKuMoHans- oro camonera modtaade. «flanott» xe, 614HO, Gein onHoMoTopHbIe MCTpeGM- ‘enw «oxxe-Byntgp» FW-190 uni «Mec: cepuimnnt» BEI09. ‘Yro6el npespatir elOnKepc> @ neTa- ‘ouyio Topneny, y Hero Ha mecTo KaGwHbt oMeuann orpomHoe KoMMYECTEO AIeTO- Hupyloulero Beujectsa, «Chiko suiBonMn wocTenb Ha Yen, Mocne Yero oTye- InANCA OT Hero M BosBpauiancA Ha 6a3y. ‘A mnoroTonnas neraiouian Goma nerena ‘no aaniaHHomy ei Kypcy. Korna, cormacko acveraM Tex, KTO oTrpasun ee 6 noner, ‘ova qocrrana Yen, nojiasia roprouero K ‘onratenam npexpauanace, “ camoner- GomGa nanan axis. pegnonaranoce, 410 ee sapbis Mor paspyuimTs 7-MeTposyIo »xenie206eTOHHy!o CTeHY. lepasiit asiner sroro Movicrpa cocro- ‘anca B wone 1943 roga, nocne wero 6tino pwiATO Pewee o ero AandHerwem ucnonbaonanin. Bcero HeMubs coSpann ‘oxono 250 «Mucrenedis. Ho npumenann x AOBONEHO OrpaineHHO— 8 OcHOBHOM ‘Ana Bops6u1 cGnoTOM cOIosHEIX BoIICK BO ‘spema Gureti 3a Hopmatqio M8 nocnen- ne Mecaub! BORMAN paspywenna epenpas uepes pexy Onep. 3xwnan: 1 venosex ‘Macca: 3200 xr. + 9860 xr ‘Maxcumansuas cxopocts: ‘oKon0 600 Kw Mpaxruvecknit noronox: ‘oKono 10000 m Boopymenme: 2000 kr neTounpyiowero eewjecrea focmnocd Sti Bela Camoner-paseenvink, —nonysimBwnii van Blackbird ~ eHeprvil apoan» ~ Goin paspaGoraH amepnKasuami s cepenmne 1960-x rogos. 310 6bin, ckopee, FABpHA ‘camonera m paxersi Ero cHsinn c 800py- >xenna Nepes Tpna~yare ner- 8 1998ropy, 2 OT ycraHoBnenHbifi um MMPOBOM pe- OPA cKopoctH He NOBUT AO CHK Nop, Bosmomio, uro nomnno crparerneckort paaneaKn, oH npeawaakawanca w AM No- ‘cTaBkh HeGonouMx aTOMHENX sapAROB. Ho Tourtx anne, nonTBepmaaouynx 370, Her. Mepis apoan» enepabie ebineven ‘AMA suinonHeHMA Goesoro sanaHna 8 NeGe wan BrerHawom 8 1968 ropy. Torna epen OnHHM 3 SLeTHAMCKIK 3eHHTHO- Ppakeribix nonkos 6tina o>nynanDHo No~ Crasnena 3anava — 80 To Ge TO Hn crano Bure aTy amepuraHcnyo «ayAo-MmUuKy>. Ho uyaoanutian ckopocre (Bonee eM 8 ‘Tph pasa npesocxonAUian CKOPOCTD 32y- Ka) maHeepentiocT» R71 Henoseonvnn 370 chenatb. B pasrap XONORHOM Boi! cKopocTHom paseensink He pas Guin 32- even 8 HeGe Han KyOoi W TeppuTopvelt CCCP (Konscxwm nonyocrposoM). A 80 spemn soiniet Cyavioro ana 1973 rony ¢ BTWX Maun Benacb oTOCbeMKa TeppH- Topinn Mopnanin, Erunra w Capi. Flony- eHHBIMN pazBenmaHHtiMA aMepmKaHust nnoromnonenaniice ¢ w3paMnstaHaM Aina sauyyrer nunoros «HepHoro Apo3- ‘Ra> OF BEICOKOM Temneparypel (Kopnye [Packananca OF TpeHMA 0 BOs—yx) A He- xearaw KUCROpORA Ka BbICOTe BBINM paz- PaGoTaHi creumanbibie —ckaanaper Montoro Aasnenns, Brocnegcrenn OM 2xe MconesosanAce acTpoHasrani, ne- Tasuwen Wa warrnax. Ouin6ox cBomN nunoram SR-71 He npoulan: v3 32 Maw, sro 6sina abinyuyens, 12 pasbunoce 8 pe synbrate HecvacTHbix cnywaes. ‘Sauna: 2 venoseKa Macca: 27 215 xr ‘Maxcumanbuan cKopocre: 3529.56 xm/4 Mpaxrmyeckwit noronox: 25 910m Boopymenne: Her qaHHixAswauvomneii mpoexT «<3peHo» Ewe @ 1930-x ronax coperoxih aBva- konctpyxrop Bragumup BaxMMcrpos paspaGoran KoHUenuio Mcnonbs08a- Hina Taxenoro caMoneTa-HocHTeNA ANA ‘TpalicnopruposKn or opHoro 0 naTM crpe6wrenei. Mpoext «3aeHo», upo- HHO Mpo3eaHHbil COBETCKMMK NeTHM- KaMH aneTaOUMM UAPKON, AOMKEH Gein yeennuwrrs pagnyc aeficrann wcrpe6n- ‘Tenbibix rpynn. Kpome Toro, noasnanace BOIMOKHOCTS WcNON30BATe —NerKie weTpeGuTenn 8 KavecTRe nHKUPYIOUIRX GomGapqnposuIMKoe, OcHaLaA Ux TAKE ‘noum GomGanen, KoTOpie OHM He Morn ‘nogHATs npw caMocronTenbHom saneTe. Tlepatili ycrewieit noner «Baeva» co- Ccronnca & neKa6pe 1931 roga. B kavecrae Hocirena Gtin vicrionk30naH ByxMO- ‘TopHoili oMapampoeuynk TE-1. K Hemy xpenuinuce asa ncrpe6urena V-4. B ipo- lyecce AanbHeinuiax aKcnepAMeHTOS HO- cireny Guin aaMeHeH Ha Gonee MOUIKbIA erbipexwoTopHit Gombapamposuink 6-3. Vicrpe6urenn npoGosann Kpenar> ak Ha KpbINOA, TaK W Ha é>OseNAK B Pas box sapwauinnx Burore Ha soopyxeHne Gouna npnnaTa Moaudurayua 9 Mae 2011 ropa nepesosunocs Teno TeppopH- ra Ne1 ~ Yeanti Gex Flanena, y6uTor0 8 xone creyonepawan V-22 jocranin Teno rnpepa «Ane-Kenniso ¢ abrancroi aov- a6aasi Barpan Ha 6opr aepiKaHcKoro aromHoro aenaocya eKapn Buncons, no- ‘ce wero oH0 6sino 2axopoHeHo 8 Mope. Drennan: 3-4 venovera Macca: 15000 nr Mancimanbian cKopocrs: 565 kul (CamoneTasin peri, 185 0! (pepronersiit penn) Rpaxrwseciatit noronor: 7620 Boopymenne:nynewer 762 mm Cneujaneneri Nakajima Rrlis ‘Tsurugi TipennasHavenneit creymansHo Ana eTUNKOB-KaMINKaA3e —ANOHCKNM CaMo~ ner Ki-1I5 nionyann Haseanne «Mew. On ‘cnewHo paspaGatbieanca 8 1945 rony ANA SauiTel Ano OF BOSMOXHOI BoE ‘cankn amepunaruee. Bcero sino abiny- liyeHo 105 camoneros. Tax Kak ece pa6oTei No npoeKrypo- Bako 3TOrO KOHOMUN KanoT caMoneTa AMA awnnag3e varoTosnaica ws xecTM, 3 xBocToBoe onepenne Goino Bcero MM epesnnneim KapKacont, OGTAMYTEIM THA Hoo. [IA MaKCAManeHOTO CHIOKeHAA pac- xonoa 6tin ynpasaHen lame Konak Hap, Ka6uHoH nianoTa, Virrepecto, «To cornacho npoeKry Ha 3TOT caMoneT Npegnonaranoce cTaBlTe Apaktmeckn ni060h Twn gawrareneh, 30 aBano BO3MOxHOCTS HCHONEO8aTe ‘ans nocrpoiixu Ki15 ycrapesume uni BeipaGorapuime CBO” pecypc ApHrate WW. mexanvaMei, 800-kunorpamosaA om6a nonseumsanace non dosennKen, vacruuHo yrannnearce ® He. Cpencrs ‘sHeUHeM CpAiaM Ha caMoneT He ycTaHas- ‘rueanoce. K MomeHTy Kanuynawian Fino Hii 6 BoficKa Geno gocTasnents ecero. sa «Mevax, xoTopsie Tax w He ycren sanerere, ‘Bmunam: | venowex Macca: 1640 xr ‘Maxcumanbuaa ckopocte: 550 Km/t Mpaxruueckwii noronox: ‘oKon0 6000. Boopymenne: Goma 800 xr BOEHHARUCTOPHA 31Hd019M KWHHIO8 ; aera eae We) JKEMYUY KUTA B BATPAHOM ONPABE B 332 rogy qo Haweit spsi Anexcanzp Maxeoxcxuit 6e3 60s 3axBaTwn Soraremiuyioly mepemackyio carpammo ~ Ervner. Bepxiti cBoelt MpMBLT'uKe NPMBHOCHTS B KMSHB. cra ¥TO-TO HoBOe, OH MpMKa3aT SANOOKMTS B SarlaqHOM YacTH nemETsI Huta BENMYECTBEHE cTonMy mpoaMEuyaH, KoTOpyi0 HasBam Anexcaxnpyeit. Crpaxa BcKope Nepeuma I awmactvm Ironemees, a ee cToma crana HaCTOsUes KemuyxuHO! CpenN3el 2004 122 2ranoanm vcr omen apt nae ye rpc cose oreo Oe APTN 8 ED Tae wero oahu cpasy fa 2aro2opa, lepebB36yHTOBA/CsTOPrOBL MORNIN HYRefCKOrO NPOMCXONREHA OMA GNM LapA 4 Froneaen @vnonarpa wnepe6unu HecRansko COTEH wHHoBHiAKO-peKoe. BOTBeT RaGyTOBAMMCe COAVaTH KObMYEDEL ErATTAK. HAWS FOPOR ys onaeprancnrpa6eny, ava yrvnax He npexpauaitc Gout, CoBpeMesik mca, 703882 oda CHYTFopoRCKoe KaAGle BupOCNO 8 TPM pasa. ui a ss te) f i 169 ROH. 2. Boiity ocnaGnenhomy cuyTamn Eranty o6pAsHna Aepxasa CenesKngos. Lapp AHTHox IV Enicpar pas6un Bolicko Mronemen | Vi aaxearun nos goo crpany w ocasiin Anexcanapiio. 8 ropone NavaniceFonoA ManwpeMU, ape noMksTanca Gears, aanexcaH- _Apuiust nonin soccrarwve. Beinn nepe6urs Be CropoHHikn KanuTyMAWU Nocre HECKONBKIX Henens OXECTONeHHBDX GO€8 ANTAOK CHAN cocany i bepryn Nronewen 8 ropoa, Ha cneayioltni fog 2aBoesarenn RepHynnce. Ha 370T pas onowenie FopORaH Guino ewe TAMER, HO jeeuanuc puna, Ou npikasans AxTUoxy ocraBiT Ermer. Tor He nocwen ocnywarecn. 58 ‘AO. 2.B AnekcaH~pin BHOBb BCnbiéHyna cMyTa. Hapog w3rHan yapa MTonemen Xll, a Ha NpEcTOn Cenw ero AovepH TpudaaHa m BepennKa IV. Ho Gerneu nawen nonmanie y pncxoro Namecria Cpr Asa a6, xoTopb 3a BaATRy ROMA Ha AnexCaNApm cBOM nerHo- ti Flocne roporkof ocaa muy ropoR an, Eki Kash TecA¥ He CornaCHKX cpecraBpalwelTroneMeR, axe ero pose Bepewnra 1 W.2, Beas wa Pua Mone xoren vai yGenmue 8 Erne, wo Gen yur ne npuKaay Yap FroneMenXIl,KoTopbli xoren Bh Cenymuroca nepen Llezapen. OxHaKo ToT We OUeHIAN weCTA: BAbICKAN OrPOMHBIE AORTA, 2 22TEM KASHHN BMHOBNIX 6 YOMACTEE. OBKKO pnnave cran eect ce6n Tak BecuepenoH,uro Hapon Boccran, Nerwovepam Le3apA yA NECTOKYIO PEBHO, vib HeKorMe CMOFMM anepeveca Llapcxon Keaprane, Ho eckope v3 Cpl nozoluna punicie nerHoHs, KoTopsle necne KposonponmTHoro Gon OTTecHAn ern: "aw vs [Link] yrusroxon aiaunTensHyo HacTs nopra, 8ce KopaGnn wa pefine n AneKcanAPHACKyIO BHENHOTERY CMyCTA 8a MECHA LUesape evesanvo arakosan narep Mroneiten, nepe6ve noma scexero mone J sot 2 Reroute Anercannpnnronouna ape Oana Ara On npecrenosan ceneo Gomera conpaniera ROHN xoTOpc apne Erunra Kneonarpoh ype 38 roponcKh CTeval CAYCTR NECKONBKO AMei apa ANTONIA Sina pana y reH ropona. Ocanitentioe porieno oxonarenbho pasGexanoce, 2 Tex ogmyepoe,KoTOpHE NLTANACe CoxpaHTe BepHOCTH, NPOCTO NepeSint ‘Anon wKneonaTpa noxonsnn nant camoyGwiicTeom, a x [Link] yOud019H BYHHIOR 3. Stresea spe rociooue emeu woes opens bere ots Vanetaite leet ie! NG eraeho sre 'B0p H HoNbIO Hanano Ha ToproBues. BBINM McTpeGNeH TCA eBpee®, NPMYEM PANCKMe BNIACTH COBNOAANH NO OTHOWEHMN K NOrpOM- kam ppymecrBeHHbin HeMrpamrer, Tex, kTo nonsirancR ConpOTMaNATECR, NGO pazopykan, nwo McTpeGnANK Tr ere memantine Pioensn gayi bhi socio fipaton ei re peg i oro ronoga, oxsaTwsuero Kpynnsie ropona w3-3a eypoxan. HecTaGunbOcTe PHMCKOIt ntact ToneKO cnoco6cTEoBana KpOBONpO- ‘aun ~ yen 30 ner cnyuanoce ena mm He no Ba Gytra 8 ron, Hacenenme ArNeKCaHApMi 8 Te rons KoneGanoce ro, oT roma: ewe BYepa TaM Gein wunnvox xkuTened, a ye sanTpa ena Habupamce Ase coTHA TicAU. BrpoveM, HaceneHWe Take CTPeMMTENSHO BOCCTAHABMMBANOC®, TAK kak Fopon npuuNan HecMeTHBle OpAd GeneneB M3 TeX MeCT, Me KATE BbiTO ewe TARENEE. 016 ecasen mrmeormen expatonensemcnecaiy sanepeTo Kapwnnes. Oy pxmpmieca ws i heme yaroro ee ‘Ba 8 Meconoramwiow yxBaTinch 3a HesHaNnTenHii nosOR, sTOGH OTAaT» cBoMNM consiaTaM Gorath ropoA Ma pasrpaGnewe. Bein epeGwre! enea ni He Bce ropomane, a ropon onycren HacToneKo, uo Kapaxanne npnuinoce nepecennte Tyna Monet HaCHNeHO. PD acta betecor cee bere clee ene omeeare ree Ohta ee eae re oe Oe "RENO, FopOXaHe BbiNpAN TeIcAYan CO cTeM roponia exeANeBHO C6PacbiBari COTHi Tpy;os, a No” KOHeU BHYGpacuBann ewe >xuobrx, Ho ye OB@ccHneBUINK mOReN. B KOH|e KON\OR pAMNAHe EBANH ropoA WTYPMOM, NPOCTO NepeGMB EEX ero 2aUUMTHKOR, a 330RHO ‘oxoHaTenbio paapyuns 6HONMOTeKY M MACCY CTapHIX 3AaHI, Rf J ant ltteer tl ngekciprdl ss gsege age oe '53ANH B NoTHO! KONO, He BbITYCTHS HS TopONA HHKOTO,AAaKe npesInOnargeMbIx CTOPOKHNKOB PHMa, Hepes BOCeM MeCAUeS FOPOR ‘6uin saRt wrypmon, nocne vero puMnawe KasHunn Gonee 10 000 muTeneh GS Secainens raerac sare aaryenenorc naunerpnen8osowacs nonin Gonee 50000 ropon, Supa yen shamenuresit manK, yu noA BOAy HexoTOpBle Ocrposa 8 rasan, xpaM TloceiifiONa, act YapCKOrO ABOPYOBOTO KOMINeKCa W HeKoToptie KsapTanss. locne seNeTPACEHMA XpHCTHaNe ySInHHINH pesHiO ASBIHYKaN, OGBMHeNHEIM CTHXHiHOM GencTanN. Wepe3 9 net Te ‘oTwerin we mene MaculTaGHEiM ma6rIeNMeM xpACTHaH, 0) ren me Seseuindns sel neo cel Foopten dn una Into ott een ‘epes 65 net nepcncKnA wax Xocpos lapses, BToprulnc» 8 cTpany, Halen ee onycTesweN, GA a eee tee ig emacs lone roar nce arena KorTamy npasocnaskbin 1 rpexann, Ho nocne 14 Mecayes caf, 80 BpeMA KOTOPOM yMeprin oKONO 10 000 ropoxaH M noNTA 20.000 ocamaswnx, ropon Gein caaH. Hepes naTp er BMBaHTHIiUD! BHexaNHOM aTaKOH C MOPR OTGHINH AneXcaHApMO, WCTPeBNB HECKONKO "Toles mycyman, Ho rojoM noaxe fpeveckyoapMunio apa6bi BUIMAKMNA HB FOPORa, OKPYKANM M YHANTONWTA T2071 Saco Marpac ovecrvacr oronene oxnsienneveyneTpectine Bootes Toay How ron NPaTNCA Gesnionen ot nocronnneix Bok M HaGeros, npoKaTHBasuMKcA Yepes Hero. DarhMnAb! ApaNNce ¢ AMOGUAaMM, MaMTOKY Maro” anu nocnegHvx W npecnegoBan KonToa, KoTOpHle NOAKMManM GeckoHesbie BoccTaNina Tenepi xe ANeKCAHAPH OKONWATeNSHO NMUINA B ynagox ~ Tam octasanoce He Gonee 50 000 xsrrened. SAT eee ta Sear Rice Pe vere ee a eta Gbino yaepanears nanor. Koraa 8 1365 roay TaM abicannnca gnoT KPEcTONOC\es, Ht proce fpaGuTe npaKTHYECKH NYCTOR ropon. Ynagok Gbin HacToneko cANBHBIM, TO 81517 rony ANeKcaHApHR Ges 60A jlocTanlace OCMaHCKOMY cymraHy CenWMy. S170} eter aes pire enrages arg orn oe re ace Oe a Bek, Ho Nog ero crelantu pasbirpanoce HecKonsKo cpaxenHil, CHauana dpamuy3bl pas6unM MaNsHOKOB, [oTOM aHrniNaHe YHH\TO- >xnnu Ha pee dpanuysckwii nor. Opanuysb! eHose onepxann noGeny, pasrPoMMs TYPeUKY¥O ApMHW, HO 8 1801 rony Geinn cam pasOuTol arnvvaniantn Mo paaniim oueHKaM, 8 Gonx 3a Anexcanapuio Torga NorW6ni oF 12 40 17 TicAW YenoneK RSD firmcanvene ceca nme omnia m eseafe peeps Beg perv anne pees asec yOuitcreax, ycrpounn maccostie norpoMe Mx noaAepxamn apaGckue obmyepH M conga. AHrMUA M Opahuus NoTpeGOBaNH OT sanacteit pexpatis GecnopAaKn, Ho Te He BINONHANA yrsTAMATYN. B OTBET aNrnMlicKaR ackanpa Havana OBcTpents AneKcaHapwn. Dopte, Guinn paspywend, Ha Geper seicannca pecanr, eruneTckie BOIicKa OkiNn pasGuTe. B xone NlorpOMOE NOTMGNH HECKONSKO THCRY YeNOBEK, 28 peaynbrare onepayni no wx npeceveHni — Kak MUHMMYM Brpoe Gonbule,OS An n ee cop TRrey Te deere top iswutelgits smerny ae - 06 Misaxie Mpostiom y mHornx cnoxauioce MpeyiCTaBvIeHMe KaK 06 136axIOBAHHOM it *KECTOKOM THpAHe, KOTOPEIit PazIH YAOBOFTE- crams My‘woT n y6uBan opel. Ho Masio KTO BCIOMMEHAeT, ¥TO aK MpaBMTerib 3MsIM PyCCKOH Naps Moat OCTHT HeGsIBAyTEIX YCTIeXOB — B HECKOJIBKO pa3 YBEJIMAMI TeppMTOpMIO CTpaHBI, 3a- xpaT#m yeHTpEt paboroprosnn—Kasaxs u Acrpaxat. FH eeeze ape norycrmn only OunGKY. Ecnn Goi OM He YCTY- ‘nun qasneHmio esponevicKnx nepKas we 3aKmoumn nepennpHe co cBoMMA ‘param, TO OH Mor peanbHo noGeaMT 2 MlmBoncKoh sofine. Mw arom cnywae He Tonbko oTevecTBeHHan M eBponelicKan, Ho fame, Nowanyi, W MnpoBAA UCTOPAA OUI no HHOMY AYA Heyreumrrensusie urorm 1583 roa. Mai. Camoe spema xpe- CcTumlcKoih crpagbi ~ naxorbi fa nocesa. Ho HukTo He TpynmTca Ha nonax cesepo-zanaja Pycu. MHoxecTBo slepeBeH CCTORT conKeHHBIMH, 2en OBeamoneNM, Tinie wapenka 8 Aepesiwo sarnaHeT AM: si 38epb, HO, He Haina NOXMBD, CHOBE yOexu 8 nec. Pyce noxnnaer ropekwe nnogsi SlM- BoHCKOR BOMHE! 1558-1583 ropoe. Tak ynano Hayaran MW TaK MHOrO, Ka3amOcb, ‘oGeulasuan pyCcKOMy Hapony, OMA 3a- Konunace Heynauel. V He noToMy, “TO Hawe BoMNcTRO He yMeno cpaxaTacn, nn BoeBORLA OKazanncb 6e3apHLiM. Mipocto Hapopsanace Pyce GuTeca Ha 34 BOEHHAR HCTOPHA HeckoneKo dpoHros ~ ¢ Benvxum KiA- xecTBOM TlaToBcKuM, Peubio Mocnonu Tol h Ulseynel. A eule ¢ KpEiMcKHMAA ‘yarapamn, KoTopsie, nopcTpeKaemie Bnucrarensioii Moproii, exeroaHo co- Bepuiann HaGern Ha pyCCKMIt Jor, AeCAT KAM TBICR BOAR B NONOH UCKYCHEIX mactepos, 6a6 fla peTawieK. CrapnKon 2ke npocto y6neank Ha MecTe, a Repee TpyaHo Gwreca cpasy co cronoKnw ‘param, Korga K TOMy xe NPOTAS Te6a Ben «aHK\Min NowTH Bee eBponelt cane rocygapcrea. Npnuinoce corna- laroch Ha HEBbIFOAMBIA MAP — OTpaTb Bpary O6NbHO NonHTEIe PYCCKOH KPO- bio 3eMAM, KPenocT HoBroponcKne. Crpana nexana s pynax, KpecToAaHe us orpaxwsneix TeppirTopwii cesepo-sana 2a, KTO He Guin nneHeH wna yur, YUN & rny6» ctpane. Bor u aapactanu 6powert Hele Nona m epesin MBoit ia OCOKOM. A Benp ecnn Go 6 1559 rony yap Voant Bacunsesmu He nouien Ha noBony y 60Ap we gan Timon nepemmpus, Pyce K 3roMy BpeMmeH ye crana 6H BeAyulelt esponesicKoi aepason. Bovina c Mimaormel 6tina Heuser. Beco Toprossili o6men c Esponoit Pyco ‘Mora ocywecransts Tonbko 4epes Gan- Twlickue Moprel, 2 NepesoauTe ToBapel MomHO Bbino niu» Ha cynaX TaHBeiicKO- ro cowaa. V fae Korna Ha 6epery no: Fpakmsnoit pexn Hapose: ~ Hanporns Kpenoctu Hapssi - Gin 3anoxeH nopr, ‘ugonysi w ranseiiybi He nonycKann Tyna MHOCTpanHle cyfa, nony¥aA nM >TOM onkyio noanepyKy oF Weeunn, FlonbuiAW HeMeuKnx nacre. «CaHKyMM npo- ‘Tue Mocksts Gein aseqenti, nockonbky Haw sanagHeie, Kak Gui ceriac cKazann, aprwepst onacannce ycunenna Pyc pensrctsosann csoGogHoh Toprosne Hell M BB03y TexHONOTMi, 6 YacTHOCTH PombiuneHHEx u OpyAerHEX. Bemxon K Mopwo Gtin Heobxonmm Mo- cxse, Kax sosayx. K 1558 rogy Mmeonma bina B ynanke m cuyTe 6 pesynorare Pedopmauan m KOH MAKTa C ONbCKMM koponem Curuamyngom In PuxcKint apxuenvickoniom. Poccur, 8 cBOW o4e pegp, yeununiace 6naroaapa pasrpoMmy pucoeannenmo semens KasaHcxoro Actpaxanckoro xancTs, KaGapasi w Baui- kupiin. M ViaaH [poaksi, pew socroM Hbtit Bonpoc, npMCTyAN K peuleHINo BO- ‘npoca sanaaHoro, Boma c Simeone nonavany wna ynauno. Mlmsonybi Tepnenn nopaKenne 3a nopaxeniiem. B wove 1558 rona nana Hapsa, 3arem flepn (apessni 1Opees) W ewe pra ropogos. B KoMUe ron, Koraa pycckwe yaanmnvice Ha simeie KBapTA- bi, MMBOHUD! 3axBaTANM ropoA PuHreH, hepeGus 8 HeM PyCcKM rapHV30H. B AH ape 1559 ropa Boesopa KiAab Cepe6pa- Hut C OTPOMHOMA parbio pasrpoMMn Mn- BOHCRMe BoficKa M qowlen ax qo Pui, Ha eiige KoTopofi cer spawecknit ¢noT. TimaoHna Gouna ripakraseckn yHMuTOKe- a ~ Gepn ee ronbimit pykamel! Yau, Ha ycckoro apr AaBHAM, TpebyR ecni He e4Horo» mnpa, To xoTR Obl NepeMupuA He Tonbko esponevickne AepwaBHI, HOM BHyTpeHHAA onnosMuitA ~ GoRpe, ras HbIM BbipaayTenem pelt KoTOpENX cran okonbanunit Anexcelt Agawes. Uap gan cna6inny, nepemmpue co- ctonnocs. 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Ho 3200e- fan, raxitBecTHo,npoue wemyBepAare> soesarinoe. flocne RON paaMisine- ti Vea Bacnnvesint pewnn npanese tia ceo cropory faa, obnanasuyio Moti dynoTOM HaxOAMBWIVIOCR He B snapax co Uleeued. pan Marty, nony- ‘np or Mocks! 8 Aap WacT 3axsauennix "IMMBOHCKHX 3eMenb, € YAOBOMIBCTBHEM 32- mouinn c pycexmman cov. pa noanepy ke moryuero garcKoro dinoTa Pycb nony- ina BOsMOxHOCTS HaNpAMY}O, 8 O6xoR raHeliues, ToproBar> ¢ MHOCTpaHHEsNMA rocypapcraamn, Kana rocypapcrea 6b ‘expo NononiAnace, a KpoMme Toro, Tenepb hwuTo He npenarcraozano pocTyny Tex- Honoriih x epyccknm Bapsapan. Xora Pews Mocnonuras w lLiseuna Benn ‘ABHO He ApyxKeCTBeHHy!O Hatt NOMUTIKY, ‘CHuIMit Bce-Taki Beino 3aKnioveHo Nepe- ‘mupue cpoKoM Ha AecATD ner. Boiicka, sbicsoSonneumecn s TimsoHN, ompa- since no npaKasy VeaHa Ha NoKopenne prima. OnHospemeno ¢ cyxory Heiman ‘cimamn 8 noxon Ha Kpbim sepes Azo0- ‘ckoe w YepHioe Mopa oTnpaslinitce No- TpoeHH'e NOR pykoBORCTBOM AaTHaH Soesbie v TpaxcnoptHsie cyza. Komal ‘Rosana wma patcxne xe obnyepss, a 06y- anice WcKyceTay MOpcKOro Gon y Hix 6yayune sennxne pyccxne dnorosoAYD. Yaap pyccnux cpasy ¢ MopR Mm Cyn 6tin Hacronbko CTpemiTeneH, 4TO B eNO He ycneni BospeMn BMeUIaTECA TYPKM. K momeHry, Korna TypeuKin Hacnex co- 6paneiti not aButynca B cropory Kpbi- Ma, ace yoke Gbino KOHYeHO. KpBIMCKiRA XQH Mero MpWGRMKeHHBIe yale gasHo yexann no Mocksy, rae nonyunnu He- Consume semensibie Hanensi m crgenA THXO, KaK MoUKH, 460 Maal Bacunbesu Ana octpactkm nocaain By KpbIMicKinXx BeMbMOX, NOAKABLINX Ha Hero FonoG, Ha OMA, H 3TO NOCAY AMO HAFMAIHBIM yPO- KOM ANIA OCTaNbHBIX MIeHHAKOS. Py6mezaa 30na Virax, met yoxe nonann, wTo noGena 8 TMBOHCKOR BoMMe BbiBoAMNA MocKos- ‘ckoe YapcTso ¢ ero HeOBEATHBiMK NpO- CcTopan v orpomHor pecypcHoi 6as0h 8 nepenostie esponeiicKne nepnasts Tia, nonavany Pyce He o6nanana MOU Gnorom, Ho NPA NoRMEpIKKe flaHHN Got Crpo naBepcraisana ynywensoe. BcKope ycerite Mopexonb! ye PasBO3MNM TO- ‘api no sce Espone. Bnworaiiune Hawn epcnexrisst ACHE, HO NTO, eciin 3arnA- HyTs Hennoro nonanbe? B Hawem ansrepraTusHom mupe Oni- snawgu, wacTe Tlonbu uv MipuBanraxa He Geinn Ges asToHOMnAMN c acco! npaB, a janine Goi 8 cocTas POCCHAICKOrO rOCy- apcrea 8 KavecTBe OBBIMHIAK, KAK WX Ha- abiBann & GyayuleM, ryBepH, NpycciA HuKoraa He nony4nna Get cnaBAHcKwMe ema Ha Banruke, 10 ecro We 6oino Got tinwakorh sennKoi Tepmatinn, 3270 es oid amp Mexay Poccved m Lanne Bb BORMAN NlocnenHIOD Ha ONeHb CHnbHbIe oanynu, w 97H ABe AepKaas! Hasan Got suicrpaneare apyroti MmpoBoH NODAROK. Huworna 651 Ha Kapre He noAsAnace Bpnrancken nunepisn. Pocoaa euecte ¢ Alanven w panyen yaywnna Osi ee Tpyccmo & Cemnnetneit sorte. A Kor- 1a Opuranyst nionerrannce 6s CyHyToCR 8 Vniio, Tam 61 mx ScrpeTHnn KasaKi Bes ebicacbisanna pecypcoe 13 KonoHih HuKaKaA NpOMBlUINeHHaA PeBONIOWMA 8 ‘Aurnina 6b He cocroanace. Ha Teppiro pin CesepHon Amepnkn nonsnnoce 6x1 conceM Apyroe rocyaapcreo, 8 KoTOPONM svaunTenbiyio pon wrpano 6st KopeH- Hoe wacenevine, He BbiGuTOe espone mua im. C aT¥M CoBepuleHHO He HaponOM ycerme cornu 6 joroBapnearecn KaK pase c past ‘AnorepHarnanoii map Goin Odi xyna TexHonormunee Hawero. EsponeMus: onacasce Pycn, ropaago Gonbwe 6b! sknapbieanvce 8 OGopony, Mele wMenn 661 ryna Gonbwe sosMoxHocTel pazei ‘sare Hayy W nAycTp WO, [A pen Grin nocraTouNo cero mu He fare JMaoHMu niepemmpHal © Awapei JJEWYKOHCKHAMpvikKa3aJi YTONMTE KopaGs aMePpUKaHCKMX COIOSHMKOB ey ofiHa crana nepeoi Bort- Holi, KoTopaR nokasana orpoMmyio Pont cpencrs paniiosneKrpoHHoi pas- sepKa. MIpepcraswrenn wapamneckux cneucnya6 npusHaior, To ¢ NOMOUIbIO ameKTPOHHOTO WnKOHAMA BoiMa Gein suimrpana ewe fo ee Havana. OrpoMayio OMOUIb cBOuM On¥rRHeBOCTONHEIM CTpa- Teruueckim co1oaHiNKaM oxa3an0 M4 LIPY. Bnpowem, 8 xone Goessix qeiicTanit u3- Pannetave He oveHt-TO YepeMOHHnMce ¢ amepnkanuann, npyMepom Yemy Moxer OCKyKHTS MHUFEHT, NpOMZOWeRWAA ¢ kopa6nen-wnvoHon CUA ePiubepru. «Yap Cnowa» Onepaymic no pasrpomy croTbicAuHor cernmercxoit rpynrmpoeki na Crnaiicxon nonyocrpose,nonysinilyo KoA OBOE Hal ewosanine «nap CHona»,nnno cnnanit- posan Torna mimiterp o6opoKt M3- panna Mowe fami. «Onnornasiis (rakyo knwuky flank nonyywn nocne Toro, Kak norepan nas 80 apes Bropom muposot bofni B xone nepecrpennn ¢ 4paniys- 36 BOEHHAR MCTOPHA ‘cxvm Boehm narpynem npasuTenscTea Brun) npr 370M WMpOKO wcnoMb30BaN passennanneie, nonyenHiie oT cneu- ‘cayxk6 CUA crpat HATO. Vspannsralan Gein nepenanes sbicoKoKaYecTEeHHi\e orochumkn erunercKinx a3ponpoMo® 4 ABYTNK BoeHHEX OBLeKTOR, cAenaHHiie C aMepHKAHCKAK CRyTHHKOB-LUNMOHOS, ‘Tayore WacToTss, Ha KOTOPEX paGorann CO- eTCKHe PaAMONOKALIMOHHBIE CTAHLIAA A Ccactemss cBsish, KoTOpEINAN Beinn ocHaUe- Hot apni apaGcxnx rocypapcrs. ce sro nomorno uspamnscKni BBC Ha- Hecta 5 wions 1967 rona sHesanMbiA yslap Fo erunerckum a3ponpomaM 4 Ha 3eMne yanuToxutT 300 v3 320 camoneTos npo- TwannKa. 3as0e8ae nonHoe rocnoacTeo 8 BOBAYKe, uBpannoTAHe arakoeann erm: erckne cyxOnyTHBIe WacTa Ha CuHae 1 aronosy wx paa6unu. ApaGei, He oKa3a8 InpakTHYeCKH HKaKOro conpOTHBNeHMA, Gexanuy, 6pocus Ha none Goa wcnpaBHyio shone cospementiylo cosercKyio Goe- ‘Byfo TexHnky. Bone Goessx nevicrani wspannscxme noppasnenenun —_pagwoanextpoHnoit Mowe Fant -putincrpo60pons Mapai, nonipeeaaykoreporo uno conepuievovanaaenie rawtweepro Gope60s crasnnit noexs panMonoKau COfHbIM cTaHUWAM erarTaH, a oneparopsy, sHalouwve apaGcxnih ABbiK, Nepenasann & ‘cucremy panmocersn NBO nporusnKca OXHbIe Npukaati, OTMeHRIK NpaBune- Hie, cnosoM, cosqasan x20 8 ynpasne- Him ernnerckwm BolickaMW Ht TeM COMbIM exoTaHuam adbeKrweHo gelicteowaTe a none Gon. Vile Hemnorve 12 BbiC- wero KoMalAoBaHUR apmnn oGopoHEt Vapanna aHanw, ro npuMepHo TeM Xe Campim 3aHumaiorca compyAaHiiKn UPY, onasasuimeca m0 npwKasy cBOeFO Ha \anbcTBa 8 30He Goeabix nevicraNi, Byoxy apa soiuien 2 noHR 1967 ropa wa vcnakickoro nopra Pora ann KypC K Geperam Erunta, 31OT KO-aGnp, ucnonsaoeaBuiniica & ropbl BtO- ofl muposo!t BoinHe! Kax TpancnopmHoe YAH, omnyRANLHO CuNTANCA Hay\HO- iccnenoBaTenscKM, HO AMepMKAHCKOe ArevrcTeo HaunonansHoit GesoniacHo- cw (NSA) ocHacrano ero Hosemumn cpenctea 3neKTPOHHOM pasBenki, Koropsie nossonani creuannctam BMO NepexearbieaT» n 3anncoiBar> pagNoco- OGieHMA 8 GOBAYxe M Ha cywe. BONbULaR acto ero 2kinaxka cocToRna w3 cneuHa- AUCToR no pagNoTexHuueckoli paanenKe newMgposke, npeKpacko BnaneBLinx apaGcxie A3biKOM M MBpUTOM. S monn i oTKpsinn no Hemy orl va mywex, a Topnegweie KaTepa ebiuun BaraKy Ha aMepnKaHcKiit KopaGne H BbI- rycruna no Hemy nee Topnens. Oana ua ox nonana ® ent, nponenae 8 npasom Gopry «IinGeprin npobonry anamerpom 2Metpos 6 Tom Mecre, fe pacnonoxeHa annapatypa nna cGopa paseennanen, ‘npn atom noruGnu 22 amepnkaHcKHXx MO- aKa. Tlorom wapannockie Karepa npw6nn- yc x oSIGeptne W cram KPyMarTo 80- pyr KOpa6na, Nonnaa ero nynemerHiM orem w o6crpennean mopaKos, KoTopiie nerrannce TyunTe noxap. «MMBepti> 23- ‘musano spor, cymHo Nonysnno cA oil pen. 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Vx pascin Two cnoco fa aHrno-6ypexan sofia 1899-1902 ronos, norma 6pwrarUbi Haan 3 ogMHOUHLEx 6poHHpoBH- Hox BaroHoe cocTaanaTe 6ponencesna, Mmesume mnarbopmbl c ycTaHoBNeHHOR a Hix apTunnepwel, aaron, 2aUMEH- Mele CTambible AMCTaMK WM cAyAMBUINe em-To |poge nonBWKHLX GrAngarxcit ana crpenkos, C nomowsio GpoHenoesqos akrniua- He ycriewlHo Goponice © NoABMKHEIN Corpagann Gypos, pelicreonaaunMn a Opuranckyx KoMmyHMKa\MAx, crion- 3 wx AI OxPaHe! BO BPEMA ABIOKEHMA awenoHos ¢ AMBOH CANO! M BOEHHLIM wmyujectsom, acto 6povenoeana coopyxanuce cno- ‘Mouybio noppystHerx cpefCTB, Korpa 2auyM Toll Ana crpenkos w nerkix aprunnepiit- ‘xx Opyanih cryexin wnanbem MeWIKA neckom. AHTAKYAHE, CNACEA MAUIMHMCTOB apozo20e oT MeTKOro orHa 6ypos, crank 3auynujare M cam naposos, O6UIMBAA ero ‘aucrama KoTenbHoro mene3a. ‘Oneir animo-6ypexoi soft sactasin lua6sl mHorwx crpa Mupa 3aHATbcA BOTATBIPb IPOTHB OL0PEPA 4 monn 1944 rona_mpowsouno, nomanyit, epMHcreeHHoe 8 ncropHn Benuxo Orevectsennot BoinnEr cpamenne 6ponenoesqos. A npept- cTopma ero Gpina Takosa. Hawn oGvexre: nog Kosenem, xpynmbim rpancnopribin y30M Bo- metncKoit o6nacru a Yepanne, cra- AM nOABepraTECA O4eHE KOpOTKHM (ase-Tpv manyte!) yrpenHum apto6- crpenam,npyemBoavonroxespe- sms. O6napyure AncnoKaumo Bpa- mecKoit Garapen He yAasanoce HM azemnoii paapeaxe, Hn annaropaM. Tipeanonaranoce ninuib, ro ei creyer Gponenoesn_npotasnnna. Bocnonesonasuince nepanTiuHo- croio Hemyes u_ocoGennocramn mectHocru, urra6 6poneamausuona paspaGoran nnan onepaynn. ApTAN- AEPMCTEL OAHOBPEMEHHO AOMKHE! GbinM BbIBeCTU m3 CTPOA KeNesHOAO- PoxHoe nonoTHo, ¥To6u! oTpesaT> Bpaxeckomy G6ponenoesay nyt» orxoga, a «linen Mypomeny» gon- \KeH Goin MMeTS CroAHKy noGaYKe K Garapee-neamaumxe. Yro6bi we Cnyrnyte npoTMBHAKa, peuiiinn Ha- sunars geitcrsua Ges npuctpenkn. Bcxope Ha6monarenn oGnapyxunn wemeuKnh 6ponenoesn, ABHTaoUMiicR Ha paspa6orkom TaKTaKH McnonaoBaHHA SpoHenoesgos, a Taxxe cosmaHneM HO- ‘e0x Tans GponesaroHo8. OCOBEHHO ak- TuBHo crpourenscrom 6poxenoeaqoa aanumannce Fepmanna, Pocona, Aectpo- Benrpi, Opariyvin w Vranun. B Pocoat- ‘oli wmnepan crponnnce 6poHenoesna eckonbki THnlos. Oni us Hue Gein epensioxntsM nyHKTaMM yNPABNeHAR, ceoero pona urta6ann Ha Konecax. fIpy- ‘we, Boopymennive aprunnepwel ¥ ny- remeramn, wcnonesosannce 8 KavecTBe onBwxHb0x KpenlocTeM, ebIABHFaBLINACA a HaxonAuinecs non yrpOsOih yuacrKM ‘ponra; on nongepinBann orem cyxo- nnymuie vacra. Ho nognMMeim «Koponawa none Gon» Gponenoesaa crann 50 spema TpaxnakcKom Boje. Mpuvem axras- Ho Mpnmenanncs on Kax Kpachor apmnei, Tak M npormBocronuann eft actamn Gentix Boiick. PaaBHTan ceTb -menest Aopor & Poccina w oTcytcrane ‘eTko nani poHTos cnocobcra0a- ‘aw ycnewiHomy fevicteMlo KoMaHA 6po- enoesnos. Torna me nonawnca H Tep- Iman «owlenonHan BomHan. BovicKa Bensix vn KpaciiX, nocaxeHHBIe ® OBBI4HEIe Barons, now NpHKPBITHEM oAHoro Mn ormespie nosmymm. Onn paaniun- nw wyte aamerHbie nonocet AbiMa, B Komanaupcnyro py6xy nocrynun RoKnag, nocne KoToporo nociego- ana xomanga: «flo yenw! Hecrrs ‘apanos Ha opysie! Peaxrusnsie ycranopku no ssa sannal Bpoweno- eanam! Oronet» Boicrpenti c o6ewx cropon pasqa- ‘uch nowrn opnospemenno. ApTIN- nepuctoi «Anbu Mypomua» crpens- ‘nw nyse nporuenuxa. Hemewsanit Gponenoesa Gin Haxpbir € nepBoro me sanna. On, npasaa, yenen jat> orsernoiit sann, Ho cHapAnD! nernn ‘mumo. yen. «Kavioww> zapepunnnn Pasrpom spaxeckoro 6ponenoes- Ba. Berope ace 6sino nonueno. Han, Gponenoesnom sucenm xnyGoi napa. Brammo, capa nonan 6 Koren na- pososa. Kora 6 wons 1944 rona Kosens Guin oceoGomsen oT rutnepooyes, Goitys131-ro amsusnona noGeisanny pasGuroro spaneckoro Gponenoes- Ba. Ero Tax me y6panu coro mecTa, rae Of Hawien CBO KoHeY, Yaxann Goiyp w To, ro Bpaxecknit 6pone- nnoesq Hocun wma gropepa TpeToe- ro peitxa. Becoma_cHmponnanoim ‘oxasanoce 10, wro «ines Mypomeu» ynusrroxonn «Agoneda Turnepar. HeckonsKmx Gpoxencesnos sbinsura sce K TOMy Wan Apyromy HaceneHHOMy yniry, KoTOpbiA AOMKeH Gein GTS MN aaxsaven, Ha Nogctynax K HeMy Bbirpy- wanvce Ws BaroKos H NpK NoAREPAKe aptannepwiicroro orn 6poHence3n08 luna 8 Hacrynnenne. B cnyyae Heynasn (OHM rpySHNicb 8 BArOHDI MH, ONATS me ApwKpbisaembie csoumm 6poHenoesqa- mu, ovctynan Tora me, no onsiry vcronbsoBaHina & 601 GpoHencesqoe, om cranin aenimTEcA a nea Tuna: «nerkne> u eTaKenbie», Flep- ‘bie Goin xopoUlO 226pOHMPOBAHE! HBO Opyment! cKopocrpenbHbimn nonesbsNt OpyAMAMM w AlyneMeTamul. BropEie Wie ‘an RoBonsHO cHaG0e GpOHMpOBAHHe, HO Guin BOOpyMeHeL TAKEN famSHO- SofiHtimn opyauawu W npenHasHaveHst [ADA noanepxKKH nerKix 6poHenoeagos, Kpenocta Ha Konecax cocTaenann qHaM- SMH, COCTORBUIME M3 ORHOTO THKENIOTO W aByx nerknx Eponenoesnoe. BnpoweN, acto Gsisano, To GpoHenoesaa felt Creosann mnaMEMAyaMHO, BbNONHAR NocrasneHHyio KoMaHgosannem nepeg imu sanayy. B oxTAGpe 1920 roga 8 co- cTave 6povessx crn Kpacholh apmun menoce 103 Gponenceaga, BOEHHARCTOPHA 39jOHCTPEI BDH NOBEDHbIM CHET 3a spemn soitu nonpasnenc- nua 31-r0 OvgenbHoro AMBMsHONA nposenn 150 mowsesx ornesbix aneros no nepeanemy xpato 060- Powe w npudpowTonbiM cranu- am cHa6wenna, yuacrsosann 6 popsive oGoponst m orpaxennn arax npormbnuxa. Aprunnepwit- o-manomerHoim nynemerneim ormem yHuuroxeno 15 emeuKnx ‘camoneros, 1650 connat u opm yepos, 94 nynemerHbie TONKA, 42 aprunnepiicko-munomerspie Garapen, 24 otjenbabix opyann, oe set oe anon Gein ygocroeH Hanmenooa- nna Bapuiascnoro, a 31 oKraGpa 1944 rona on Goin HarpaxaeH ‘opnenom Anexcayapa Hescxoro. Npoiiaa nyt now 9 2,5 Tica san naa oF Oxi Ao Onepa, «Kosbma Manin «iinen Mypomeu> ocra- Nosunuch 8 50 Km oT Bepnitwa 80 ‘panxdypre-na-Onepe. Moct 4e- pes Onep Gein paspyuien. 3nece own w ornpasanonann MloGeny. Bpovienean eonsua Munn HeMeUKOTo BTOpKexma, Tlocne oxonuaHina TpaxsiaHcKo 80m bt uncno 6poHenoe3jos # cocrase Kpac oA apmnn 6tino peaKo coKpauieHo. K Tomy we 8 KonYe 1923 ropa wx nepenann 8 segeHne ThasHoro aprannepiiicKoro ynpasnenna PKA, KoTopoe paccmarpH- Bano 6povenioesna nmulb Kak apTunne- pitio Ha menesHogopomnbnx nnaropmax. B npomowenwx usmerenwax cbirpan Hemanyio pont onbit Bce Toh xe [pax aHCKO! BOMHEs. TlomMMo HECOMHEHHEIX onoxuTenbHbsx KauecTs BpoHeNde270B, Yy Hux 6sini u oTpuyarenbibie. A MMeHHO: Gonswine pasmeper, aenasuine 6poHenc- espa xopowie yenio ana aprannepan poTusHika, a TakKe NpweAsaHHOCTD K >xenesHOROpOxHOM Konee. K 1928 rony Konmuectso 6poHenoes- ‘R08, HaxonMEMMxcR B cocrase KpacHori ‘apmaw, coKparunoce Ao ABanuaTAM BOCD: mu. Teme mene, 8 CCCP nponosmKanioce Cpomrenscreo HOBtIX 6poHence3go8, a Talore 6povennouyaqox m 6porenpesn Tipensoestixe Kpenioct# Ha Konecax crpomnnce 8 ocHoBHOM Ha Gase Gpone- ‘noesn08 & Bpaxcke. 310 Gein xopowo 2a6poHnposantbie Baron! C OTBECHEIMA pameimin GopTaMia M BEICOKMMA Kne- aHbim GawHamn. Boopymenne Wx co CcTonno ws 4eTeIpex Gaulenteix KOpoTKO- Bponenaposcs ka phe Koroporo Bsn obopynoeats Komarsnipcxanpyoka nyaen can Creonbitx TpexmioliMossix opyAM ma BocoMM Crankoabix nyneMeTo®. Mio cocrominio Ha 22 own 1941 roma Kpacian apisnn vitena 53 6porenoesna (ve winx 34 orHocinnce K Knaccy erKit), 2 cocTase KoTopsx 6tino 53 6ponena poao3a, 106 aprannepuiicnx 6poHe- AmoulaAox, 28 SponennoulaAoK FBO Gone 160 6poHeasToMoGunel, npwicno- coGnennbnx ANA ABMKEHMR NO MeNesHOR Aopore. Menace Takxe 9 6poHenpesun UW HeckonsKo MOTopHx 6poHeBEix Bar: oa. Kpome Kpachoit apuunn, 6povienoe3- ‘Rama pacnonarann Boficka HKBA. Own wenn 25 6porenaposo3os, 32 aprunne- pinicene 6poennowanKe, 36 MoTOpHBX Sponeasix earowoa u 7 6poHeaeTONO6- zeit Tlocne Havana Boks 6tin noctpoeH paa HoBsix 6porlenoesno8, paaBepHyrel -renesHonopoxsbie Garapen npovneo: BoanyUHolt o6opoH. Bpowenoespa cerrpann Gonbuiyio Pon’ 8 netHMK cpa 2xennax 1941 rope, 8 oBopoHe MocKess, Oneccei w Cesactonona. MHOrHe 1 HiK rnorw6ni 8 6orx cnpoTMBHHKOM, HaGonee pacnpoctpaHesim TanoM 6porenoeaqoa 80 BTOpoli _nonoaNHe Benntomt OrevecteeHnol sorts cran paspaGorannuii 6 1942 ropy o6paaua 1943 roga — B1-43, Ox cocronn us 6pose- napoaoza MP-43, paawewenHoro B cepe- nie cocraea, versipex aprannepytiicanx Sponennowanox TUI-43 (no Age 6pore- nowaeKn no o6em croporiam 6poHe- maposoxa), aByx GpoNennowanoK c 3e vara BoopymerneNt MBO-4 (ro o6oum onyaN Bponenoe3na) M OF fBYX NO Herb! ex KoHTPantHsx ritarbopmy, Ha KOTOpEHX nepesosnntcr HeOGxonMMeie APIA PeMoHt ‘a menesHonOpONHOrO NlonoTHa MaTEpHa- sm, O6s14H 8 CocTas GpoHenoesza BxOAM: _nwopw- ga 6poreaTowo6uns BA-20 un BA-64, npncnocoBneHienx sna NavoKeHA no wKenesHo Ropore. OHM npumenAMAce ‘ANA BeneHMA paseenK Ha ynaneHMn 10: 15 x ms cocrase oxpanena (a030p2) Ha apie. KpoMme TOro, Ha nnatbopMax npv- pisTan mor pacrionorica RecaHe @ Co Crave no tpex crpenkosbix 8380208. Ha ogo sanpaaxe Tonnusomn eonoA 6poHenoesa mor npeononers Ao 120KMc Maxcamanbiio cKopocTe0 45 KM. B Ka ecrae TonnwBa cronsaoBANACe yrons (10) unumaayr (67) Macca 6oeaoit actu 6poHenoesna He npestiuana 400. Conk Succ 40 BOEHHARMCTOPHAina Kpacnoi apn 6roppi somes Goin wsrotosnen 21 Gpovenoesy BI-43. 3Ha- uunrenbHoe KonMuecTBo 6poHenoesqo8 boro muna nonysmnn n Boiicka HKBA Misa cramsusx Gmosuena HavGonee ynasnyio KONCTpyKLWNO v3 Spovenoeagos, nocrpoeHHxX 8 Tomb! Bennkomi OrevectbeHHoh ove, umen Spovencesa «Koabita Minnis, waroToo- ‘eno 6 deepane 1942 rona 8 earonHom ‘Reno ropona Tope (tine Huon Hos ropon). 8 60e8yo uacTe sToro GpoHenoes- fa exonM: Sponenapon0s, Ape KpBTBIe SporennouaaKn ase orxpeete aprHne= Dionne Bpoennowaann HeTspe ABY- ‘ochtie KoHTpone Hele nnarbopMs Kanan xpeiran 6ponennouranKa 6sina BoopymeHa AByMn 76,2-0Mm nywKaran, Yyeravionnenntima @ Gaui or TaHKoB 734, Kpome crapenonx ¢ armmn nywa- ‘mn 762-um nynemeros fT, 6poHenno- uwankn nMenh no Wersipe 7/62-MM CTaH- OBb0 MyfieMeTa eMaKCiM 8 wapoBbrx ‘onopax 8 6oprax. ‘Orxpomsse aprannepniickne nnowan- van Guinn pasnenent no Anne Ha TDR orcexa. B nepemwem m aaqHem oTCeKax Guinn ycraHonnenti 37-10 seHUTHBIE nyu, a8 YeHTpanbHOM HaxoAHnace ycKOBAR ycTaHOBKA PeaKTUBHEX cia gos M-8. Tonuwia Goxos0h Gpown Sponennowanox cocrasnana 45 1M, KpiTiie SporiennowanKH Men Bepx- Howe 6poH0 TonuHOM 20 mm. 3auyr- went GpoHeh TonuRHon 30-45 mm Sporenaposos wcnonbsoBaicn ® Kase- ‘cTBe TATH TOMbKO B GOeBIX YCNOBHAK. B noxone M Ha MaHespax HcronssoBanca ‘o6bisitut «epHbit» naposos. Ha TeHAe- pe 6poxienaposoza 6tina oBopynonaKa Komanampcran pyGKa, coennientan c SyaKOA waumuNcTa 6poHMpoBAKHOA Asepbio. Ws 3Tom pybKM KoMaHAMP 6po- Menoesga ynpannan peiicrousien 6po- HennowagoK ¢ noMoUH TenepoHHOn conan. flna prewneicaRaH 8 ero pacno- roketinu umenace panwocraHuwn nanib- Mero neiicrous PCM. Baronapr Hanmi versipex AHH Hocraonsnxx 762mm nyuie 0-32 Sporenoesa wor OGecnewATs sLicoKyO onyeHTpayNo apTunnepwitcKoro orKA w eectu npiienbiyo crpenbby Ha nanb- wocTe fo 12 rw, a nycxoabie yeraHooKH Kpusran Gponennowancacycranounetersnan ‘syunGounmar or tarna T-sserpenn Fyeweranin wane 8 wapoesox oropax M-B noseonann emy yerewo nopamat _xvByioCAny W TexiAKy NpOTUBHUIR. Flo npoexry «Kyaba Miaia> np: MepHo & TO >Ke BpeMA >kenesHon!OPOX- aKa Tapmnoro pyccKoro ropona Mypoma 6bin nocrpoeH ewe oni Gpo- HenioespL nony\nBUIMA HMA ObsnAAHOrO Sorarspa nen Mypomua 06a Gporenoesaa sown 6 cocras 31-r0 Ornenstoro Oco6or0 FopeKoDcKoro AweuavoHa Sporenoesn0s. [Ina oGecne- ‘ennn Goeso! nemensHOCTH AMBUBHOHY nw npHganbs vepHbii napos03 C179, Sponegpesuva 61-39, sa Sponeasto- ‘oGnna BA20, rpm morounkna m fecATs asTomawn. nit cocras AMBIBMOKA amecte npiananHon emy AecaHTHO-Mu- owersow potoit cocraanan 335 wenonex. «Ham 6ponenoesa Tour Wa samacwom nyTH.. BaKonsmnace Boia, HO SpoHenoesna npononxann Hecta 6oesyio cnyr6y. Lo 1953 ropa Ha 3anaqwoi Ykpanne OHM na- "pynmposann Ha menesHOpOpOMHEK ry- "Tax, Oxpanfn naccanmpcrwe M ToBapHble cocrassi or Hananennn 6araeposues. K Konuy 1950x rojoe SpoHenoesna cana ¢ Boopyrkenn Copercxoit apm, 1, KaK KaBANOC MHOTHM, OHM OKOHN TensHo m GecrosopoTHo uni 8 oTcTaBKy. Ho 0 Gpovenoeszax cHoea acnomin- nn 8 1970-x ronax.B Te rons orHOWeHAA mony CCCP u Kuraem 6bina BecoMa Ha- pmetiuan, Uro6e npuepsrr> Tpatc- ‘aGnpexyo marnctpano, Ha Xapexoscent 380 ORENOTO MALLMHOCTPOEHIR 3 Mi tuctepcrea O60poHD nocTynn 2aKa3 Ha noctpoiixy wersipex 6poenoesq08. Onn Bown & cocTaB BOCK 3aGaiiKaNcKOFO 1 Daneresoctosnoro BoeHtesx OKPYTOD. Bross noctpoetiee Bpoxenoesga, nony- ‘wnaume HammeHosanie BM-1, cocToRnA 8 nay ovapemTnx S5-TOHHEEX nnaropM ¢ Tahamn T-62 1 6ponierpancnoprepa imu BTP-40na, Tomato Tanta, Ha Kao yo mnardopm ycranasnneanca GpoH- sakes KopOG Ann pasmewteriin mo- TocTpennosoro ovneneHs CO uTaTHBiM soopymennen. Tocne ynysernn cover- cxo-wmraiicnrn oTHoueHnit 2TH Gpone- noesna Geum nepesenens s peseps. Tam fmm Haxopumce no Havana 1990 rona. ‘R80 BpeMA nepaoik UeHeHCKOM BORNE! (1994-1996 rr) came noapaanenenini ene sHonOPORHEAX BOVCK GeINH NOCTpO et1 nwnposisnposantibie Sponenoesaa [ANA TpUKPEITAA_ peMOHTHO-occTaHO- Birenbibix 6paraa Ha niin Haspari Tposieit. Nepsvit TaKoh Gponenoes, Ipnwen 8 Mosqox & neKa6pe 1994 rona, OH cocronn wa. HecKondKnx nnarbopm, 2aTPyKEHHBIX PEMKOMTINEKTOM AMIR 80 CTahosnenna wenesHonopOKHK nyTeh W mocroatx nepenpas, a TakoKe 3 AByx BMI Wa nnarbopmax ANA o6opoHs. KpoMe Toro, ari se nnaropui mest YRPEITHS| 3 MeWKOR C NECKOM M winan ¢ orHestann TouKaMn ana nynemeToe M ae TomarmMecknx rpaHaroMeros. Bo speMn sTOPO! YeNeHCKOM BOF! (1999-2009 rr) Goin BHoB» Mcnone308a- Hus nonoGHe BpoHenoeana, 8 ToM wcne [APH NpuKPETUR ABUKEHAA ‘eNeBHO;O- PoxsieiK CocTaBoE (KaK NaccaRMPCKAX, ‘Tak MC 60880 TexHAKOM WnivebiM COCTE ton). Eon ane KOHTpTeppopuctuve- ‘cKO onepauinn Wx Goino TonKO £184, 70 K 2004 rony wx KonmvecrB0 yBennsAnoce AO Meruipex. Wm nopysann nioxeHepHyo pas- BenKy reNeSHOROPORHDX MapUIpYTOB, pasmnnnposanne ycraHasnnsaentix oy- Facos M ApyTYX MUAHHO-BapHIBHEX «COP: Ipvaoe», Goes0e oxpalieine W conposd- axmenine sownckix swenoHos. B sHeape 2009 roa tpn 6ponenoesna Guinn suise- ner 3 Yeencxoi PecrySniki W 32K0H Cepanposarei Ha CesepHoit Gaze FCM 8 Teopruescre Crasponanscxoro Kpas. @ Anexcanap COKOSIOB Onxpesran Spovernowaaya, BeenepenverzanelwocrH Guintyeranoanerer37-nneaovervse nye a BuTpantoF vaca — yeTanooes paras cHapanos M8 BOEHHAAMCTOPHA 41oe aes «

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OF unemos apyrix tanos oH oTnuYanca 60" nee cnoxnbii O680fIaMM, TAKE MIEN cA Bbipes AANA AYA C durypHEIM, Enea HaMeveHHbIM HaHOCHMKOM. 3TM UiNeMBt acTO yxpaulanlt KOHCKHM rpe6HEM, 6 “TakoM Hf OH Cran cumBonoM fIpeBHe Fpeunn. ShameNirTaim OpyxkneN ApeaHinc rpe- koe Obinl Men, Toe npeACTaBNeHHBie & TOM zane @ HeManbix KonMwecTBaX. [pe KM fenann Wx v3 BbIcOKOyrMepoAMCTOR (Cran w 3akanneann BaxAbl, 4TOOb! AO- ‘club BEICOKOM TBepAOCTH, HeoGxonM- Moi Ana rionuposKy. Ho sce 3T0 chapaenne norepano cooe sHavenMe, Korga NoABHNHC nep ‘ble OTHesble YCTAHOBKi, TakMe Kak OFHe~ ‘Mero, Tpenniouune «rpeveckim orHeN>, 3anprranx mmepast Vio6peterine 2Toro yhuKanbHoro OpyANR, CeRpeT KOTOPOFO BHBaHTAMUD! xpaHwnn CTpOKe, vem ceronHR xpansT Tali epHoro OpYAA, NPUXORITEA ta Viloex. You, snece He O60usnoce 6e3 rPeKoB ~ ero cospanwe npunMceIBaeTcA rpewecromy apxarexropy Kannnny. 310 Govra HacToRUaa «GoMGa» TOM 3no- xan 3toro opys overt Gonmnce, nonaras, So yAOBMUHBIA OroH FOBT KAN 2xeN€30, ONMTAET BOAY VY, KOHESHO Xe, HC peGnrer ace maB0e. Cocrae M KOHCTPYK tuna crore, cromoupo KoTopERK er Me- ‘anu xpananuce 8 cTpoxaiuen cexpere, B mysee Aun npencrasnen o6paseu, hastisaemeti Cheirosiphon. Stor nopta “wont ortemeT ana wiesspAninn «rpe Koro Oris» vcnonb308ancA BH3aHr xan Gnovom 8 cepenne susaiuincxoro rnepwona VILXII pexo8. exper ropiovero sewecraa Hacron ko Nopow oBeperanc, 4ro ero noniuti cocrae He packpbvr W Ao Hacronujero spemenn, Kak npasino, orHemet npegcraanan Cobo mentyio Tpy6y nA pag TPyEOK, opKniovennelx K chewtansHomy pesep: Byapy c ropiovelt cmecnio. Ms Hee ropa- we crpyeih sbicrpenneanace cMmeco. Tak kak ycraHoska 6tina CAMWKOM fpoMo3a- Koi, ee npHMeHANH B OCHOBHOM Ha gnoTe Wait Ha kpenocTHEnx creHax. B Tevenne Heckonbxux cronerHit ycra HOBKM C K/OKONYUIMM B HX TPeYECKHM orem saunularin manepwio. YBbs, 3T0 ee He cnacno ~ Hauunaa c XV Beka, c noAB- ennem orHectpenbHoro opyxinA, orHe: MeTol cTanl npnnagierHocreio «akyn- Tera HeHymntibx ewe. A cnenoM nana M cama Busan. ‘Typxu-ocmalts, cTasuime xosnesamut Apesiiel wmnepvi, oKKynmponann TeppnTopmo [eum KoTopaa Ha 400 ner axtneckn spinana ns ucTopMM. Honoe spema 8 TeveHie veTspex cronerHit Tew ‘He Wmena WaHCoB Ha OcBObomAeHHe: Oc taHicran vnanepian 6sina a nike cBoero orywecrea, Mo6oe BOCCTanNe 6e3K oct nopalnsinoce. Hanexpa Ha ocsoboxgeHne noaBn- nace @ wonue XVIll~ Kavane XK Bexa. B 1821 rony rpesn eannnce 3a opyane. 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