MECHANICS LAB .
roughness, which causes friction. The
LAB 9 SLIDING FRICTION
friction force must be overcome before the
TO VERIFY THE LAW OF
sliding take place (figure 1)
FRICTION
Nur Syamiza Binti Zamri , FA14030 ,
Faculty Of Manufacturing Engineering
, Universiti Malaysia Pahang
Figure 1: Force acting when pushing a
block
Abstract
In practice, it is known that the friction
The objective of this experiment is to
verify the law of friction and to measure
the coefficient of friction for different
materials. The wooden block has a layer of
force is proportionate to the force that
presses the surfaces of contact. This
proportion is called the Coefficient of
Friction
which
is
denoted
by
the
sand paper P180 , sand paper P800 and
rubber , hence the experiment was
conducted on rubber mounting plane to
movement from rest is called the static
friction.
compare the result .From the result we can
compare about area of contact between
two surface , pressure between two surface
and coefficient of friction between two
materials. So, the increasing of contact
surface will increase the friction . Other
than that , the increases the pressure will
make block difficult to move . Lastly ,
coefficient of friction of material can be
Law 1:
determine in this experiment .
When object is moving, the friction is
1) Introduction
proportional and perpendicular to the
When two rough surfaces are made to
normal force.
slide over each other, the uneven surface
Law 2:
resists the sliding. Sometime, the force is
Friction is dependent of the area of contact
large enough to cause some materials on
so long as there is an area of contact.
the surface to tear away. In reality, even
smooth
surface
have
microscopic
Law 3:
3. Hung the plumb line over the protractor
The coefficient of static friction is slightly
center screw and ensure that the plane is
greater than the coefficient of kinetic
horizontal.
friction.
4. Weighted the friction block with spring
Law 4:
balance and recorded its weight.
Wihtin rather large limits, kinetic friction
5. Placed the friction block at the left end
is independent if velocity.
of the plane with the wood surface
Law 5:
downwards and assembled the cord over
Friction depends upon the nature of the
the pulley.
surface in contact
6. Attached the 0.1N weight hook to the
end of the cord.
1) Apparatus
No
Apparatus
Friction
Quantity
Picture
block w/cord
2
Spring
10N
balance
3
Knurled nuts
Friction plate
Plastic
Hanger
6
Slotted Mass
3.2 Test 1 (Rubber on rubber)
1
Set
1. Placed weights on the hook.
2. Gave the block a starting pushed as each
weight is applied until the weight is
3) Procedure
sufficient to pull the block along the plane
3.1 Preparation
with a slow uniform speed.
1. Secured the mounting panel in the
3. Recorded your results.
vertical position.
2. Mounted the assembly by placing the
3.3 Test 2 (Rubber on rubber)
stud through the H4 hole, the stud on the
1. Repeated Test 1 but do not assist the
column through C8. Secured with nuts .
block by pushing it.
2. Placed weights on the hook (very
carefully) until the block began to move.
3. As soon as the static friction is
3.7 Test 6 (Rubber on sand paper P180)
overcome, the block move quickly along
1. Turn the friction plate over, placed the
the plane.
rubber side upwards to give metal to
4. Recorded your result.
rubber contact between the block and
plate.
3.4 Test 3 (Rubber on rubber ) effect of
2. Because the friction is so great, you will
area of contact
find it more difficult to judge the force
1. Turn the block on its narrow side.
required.
2. Tested for Test 1 and recorded your
3. Aim at causing the block to move at a
result.
constant speed along the length of the
3. Repeated for the other narrow side of
plane.
the block.
4. Repeated as for Test 4 and record your
4. Recorded your result.
results.
3.5 Test 4 (Rubber on rubber)
1. Replaced the friction block in its
4) Result and Calculation
4.1 Result
original position as for Test 1.
2. Added loads of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4N to
Preparation
the friction block (place on top of its peg)
Mass of Block = 90 g
and found the equivalent forces to
Weight of Block = 1N
overcome kinetic friction.
3. Recorded your results.
3.6 Test 5 (Rubber on sand paper P800)
Test 1(Rubber on rubber)
Mass
Total
Friction
applied (g)
weight (N)
weight
1. Placed the friction plate on the plane
movement
between the stops.
70
0.8
Not moving
2. With its metal side upwards, reversed
80
0.9
Not moving
the loading peg in the friction block and
90
1.0
Moving with
placed it on the plate with its metal side
uniform speed
downwards to give a metal to metal
contact.
3. Repeated as for Test 4 and recorded
your result.
100
1.1
Moving with
fast
Test 2 (Rubber on rubber)
Test 4(Rubber on rubber)
Mass
Total
Friction
Load added on peg Total load needed to
applied (g)
weight (N)
weight
(N)
move the block (N)
movement
0.6
1.6
80
0.9
Not moving
1.1
1.8
90
1.0
Not moving
1.6
2.3
100
1.1
Moving with
2.1
3.0
uniform speed
2.6
3.4
Moving with
Test 5(Rubber on sand paper P800-
fast
more smooth)
110
1.2
Load added on peg Total load needed to
Test 3(Rubber on rubber ) effect of area
(N)
move the block (N)
of contact
0.6
1.18
Mass
Total
Narrow
Narrow
1.1
1.37
applied
weight
side 1
side 2
1.6
1.67
(g)
(N)
Friction
Friction
2.1
1.77
weight
weight
2.6
1.86
movement
movement
Not
Not
Test 6(Rubber on sand paper P180)
moving
moving
Load added on peg Total load needed to
Moving
Moving
(N)
move the block (N)
with
with
0.6
0.98
uniform
uniform
1.1
1.57
speed
speed
1.6
2.16
2.1
3.04
2.6
4.12
90
100
110
1.0
1.1
1.2
Moving
Moving
with fast
with fast
4.2 Calculation
Test 4
5) Discussion
1. From your result, write down the laws
of friction. State how friction is affected
by
Law 1:
When object is moving, the friction is
proportional and perpendicular to the
normal force.
Law 2:
Friction is dependent of the area of contact
so long as there is an area of contact.
Test 5
Law 3:
The coefficient of static friction is slightly
greater than the coefficient of kinetic
friction.
Law 4:
Within rather large limits, kinetic friction
is independent if velocity.
Law 5:
Test 6
Friction depends upon the nature of the
surface in contact.
the area of contact between the two
surfaces,
Friction is affected by the area of the
contact between two surfaces because of
the normal forces available on the object
and the roughness of those surfaces.
the pressure between the two surfaces.
For low surface pressure the friction is
directly proportional
to the pressure
between the surfaces. As the pressure rises
the friction factor rises slightly. A very
the frictional force associated with the
high pressure the friction factor then
rotational movement of a somewhat
quickly increases to seizing.
disclike or other circular object along a
surface. Generally the frictional force of
2. Explain the difference between the static
rolling friction is less than that associated
and kinetic friction.
with sliding kinetic friction.[2] . Surface
roughness and contact area affect kinetic
Static friction results when surface of two
friction for micro- and nano-scale objects
objects are at rest relative to one another
where surface area forces dominate inertial
and a force exists on one of the objects to
forces.[3] Other than that , the increases the
set it into motion relative to other object,
pressure will make block difficult to move
such as either at rest or rolling.
. Lastly , coefficient of friction of material
can be determine in this experiment .
Kinetic friction results when an object
moves across a surface.
7) References
1) "friction". Merriam-Webster
3. Give a good practical example when
friction is an advantage and when it is a
disadvantage.
Dictionary.
2) Benjamin Silliman, Principles
of
Physics,
Or
Natural
Philosophy,
Ivison,
The advantages of friction are that may
Blakeman,
help in walking and braking system. The
company
drawback of friction is it may make
pages {1871)
movement more difficult if it is too high
and may waste energy.
Taylor
&
publishers,
710
3) Persson, B. N. J. (2000).
Sliding
friction:
physical
principles and applications.
6) Conclusion
Springer.
ISBN 978-3-540-
Friction is the force resisting the relative
67192-3. Retrieved 2016-01-
motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and
23.
material elements sliding against each
other.[1] As a conclusion , the increasing of
contact surface will increase the friction .
Sliding may occur between two objects of
arbitrary shape, whereas rolling friction is
