Nama
: Aldi Yudha Arfiyana
NPM
: 14071011004
Tugas
: B.Inggris
DEFINITION GEOPYSICS
Geophysics is a part of earth science that studies the Earth using the rules or
principles of physics. This includes also meteorology, atmospheric electricity
and ionospheric physics. geophysics research to determine the condition
under the earth's surface involves measurements above the earth's surface
of physical parameters which are owned by the rocks in the earth. From
these measurements can be interpreted how the properties and conditions
below the surface of the earth whether it be vertical or horizontal.
In a different scale, geophysical methods can be applied globally is to
determine the structure of the earth, ie locally for mineral exploration and
mining, including petroleum and in the small-scale applications for
geotechnical (determination of building foundations, etc.). In Indonesia, the
science is studied in almost every community college there. Geophysics is
usually entered into the faculty of Mathematics and Science of Nature (MIPA),
since it requires the basics of physics that are strong, or there is also a put it
into the section of Geology. Currently, both geophysical and geological
almost become an inseparable unity of the Earth Sciences. The field of
scientific study geophysics include meteorological (air), solid earth
geophysics and oceanography (sea).
Some examples of studies of solid earth geophysics such as seismology to
study the earthquake, science about volcanoes (Volcano) or volcanology,
geodinamika who study the dynamics of the movement of plates in the
earth, and seismic exploration used in the search for hydrocarbons.
geophysical methods In general, geophysical methods are divided into two
categories: methods of passive and active. Passive method is done by
measuring the field emitted by the earth's natural. Methods actively done by
making field disturbance then measure the response made by the earth.
Field experience is meant here as an earthquake wave radiation, the Earth's
gravitational field, field magnetic earth field of electricity and
electromagnetic radiation radioactivity of the earth and the earth. Artificial
field could be an explosion of dynamite, giving an electric current into the
ground, sending radar signals and so forth. In practice, the method
commonly used in geophysics looks like the table below: Method Parameters
measured properties of the physics involved Seismic Time arriving seismic
waves reflected or bias, amplitude and frequency of seismic waves density
and modulus of elasticity that determines the speed of propagation of
seismic Gravity Variations in Earth's gravitational acceleration rates at
different positions Density Magnetic Price variations of magnetic field
intensity at different positions of magnetic susceptibility or remanent
resistivity price resistance The electrical conductivity of the earth Polarization
Voltages induced polarization or resistivity of the rock as a function of
frequency electrical capacitance of self Potential Electric Potential Electric
Conductivity Electromagnetic Conductivity Response to electromagnetic
radiation or inductance electrical wave propagation radar radar arrival time
constant of the dielectri
Is GEOPHYSICAL it ?
Solid Earth Geophysics (commonly called the Geophysical) in a
limited sense to mean the application of physics towards the inside
of the earth . As the science of physics that can be divided into several
disciplines are smaller (associated with variations in incidence of physics),
then Geophysics Solid Earth also can be divided into branches of science who
is smaller, namely :
Seismology (studying
earthquakes and physical phenomena associated with it)
Volcanology (also a
part of geology, studying volcanoes, hot springs, etc.)
Geomagnetisme
(learn field
magnetic earth, including paleomagnetisme)
Geoelektrisitas (studying the
electrical properties of the earth)
Tektonofisika (use of the science of
physics to study tectonic processes)
Gravity (also part of
Geodesy, studying the gravitational field and its interpretation)
Geothermal (studying the
temperature of the earth, including geothermal exploration)
Geokosmologi
(studying the origins of the earth)
Geokronologi (studying the
earth's events, including determining its age)
Geodesy is dealing with the shape and size of the earth, is a science that
close
relationship with Geophysics. Currently, it is usual to combine
Geophysics, Geodesy and other sciences related to the earth (such as
Geology and Geography) into larger units of science geosciences.
Geochemistry, which is associated with the earth has not been
included in this list because Geochemistry is part of all subjects
geosciences. Limitation on Solid Earth Geophysics is not one hundred
percent satisfactory. What is meant by the solid earth here is all part of the
Earth after deduction of the liquid (ocean, hydrosphere) and gas
(atmosphere). In fact, the earth is solid in terms of physics (ie crystalline)
only up to a depth of approximately 80 km.
Geophysical generally work on three parallel fronts namely:
1.Observasi or field measurements in the laboratory
2. Investigation
3. Theoretical assessment
From here, the problems are
often very difficult because most of the object being studied is
part of the earth, generally can not be measured directly on the surface.
As a substitute, Geophysical rely on indirect observations are
made on the earth's surface or very close to the earth . It is clear,
that the interpretation of observations such as these will have a level of
difficulty
is great.
Research in the laboratory can produce
things that are significant in interpreting the observations. For example,
the properties of the material (metal or mineral) that vary at high pressures
and high temperatures have been found in the laboratory.
Furthermore, by using a computer
is also possible to simulate the process of events (modeling) objects
observed. The advantage of modeling and simulation in the laboratory is
allowing a process can be controlled by parameters that
are naturally well known. Modeling and simulation would be suitable to
describe cases / events complex nature.
QUESTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
What Is a geophysics ?
Mention There and explain how geophysics methods in science?
Geophysics generally work on three parallel fronts, trying to specify?
Mention a few examples of studies of solid earth geophysics?
5. Explain how geophysical methods can be applied global?
ANSWER
1.
Geophysics is a part of earth science that studies the Earth using the
rules or principles of physics. This includes also meteorology, atmospheric
electricity and ionospheric physics
2. methods of passive and active. Passive method is done by measuring the
field emitted by the earth's natural. Methods actively done by making field
disturbance then measure the response made by the earth.
3.
- Observasi or field measurements in the laboratory
- Investigation
- Theoretical assessment
4. Seismology to study the earthquake, science about volcanoes (Volcano) or
volcanology, geodinamika who study the dynamics of the movement of
plates in the earth, and seismic exploration used in the search for
hydrocarbons.
5. geophysical methods can be applied globally is to determine the structure
of the earth, ie locally for mineral exploration and mining, including
petroleum and in the small-scale applications for geotechnical
(determination of building foundations, etc.).
