SCIENCE I (First Quarter) 13-14

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

a. Tools/Gadgets/Machine cellphone,
1.
Science the body of knowledge about natural
modem, can opener
phenomena
b. Product pills, ready-to-eat foods,
2.
Technology application of scientific principles
shampoo
3.
Social science institution and functioning of
c. Process recombinant DNA technology,
human society or any aspect of human society
fermentation, pasteurization
4.
Applied science the application of scientific
SCIENTIFIC METHODS
knowledge
12.
Scientific method principles and procedures
5.
Physical science natural science that focuses
for scientific inquiry
non-living systems
13.
Steps in scientific method
6.
Biological science natural science that
a. Identifying problems
focuses on living systems
b. Gathering preliminary data
7.
Examples of Physical Science
c. Formulating hypothesis
a. Chemistry composition, structure
d. Experimentation
changes, and properties of substances
e. Analysis of data
b. Physics deals with matter and energy and
f. Formulating conclusion
their interactions
g. Application
c. Astronomy heavenly bodies
14.
Problem question about the observation
d. Meteorology atmosphere and
15.
Hypothesis possible solution to a problem
atmospheric conditions such as weather
16.
Experiment activity especially designed to
e. Volcanology volcanic phenomena
test the hypothesis
f. Petrology rocks
17.
Variable a particular aspect of the experiment;
g. Seismology earthquakes and plate
factors
movements
18.
Kinds of variable
8.
Examples of Biological Science
a. Dependent changes in response to the
a. Biology- deals with living organisms and
experimental condition
vital processes
b. Independent the variable that is changed
b. Ecology interrelationships of organisms
in the experiment
and their environment
19.
Experimental setup the setup where one
c. Zoology animals
variable has been changed
d. Botany plants
20.
Control setup the group that is the standard
e. Ichthyology fish
for comparing results
f. Helminthological - worms
21.
Observation involves the use of senses
g. Ornithology - birds
22.
Quantitative observation observation that
h. Paleontology fossil remains
involves measurement of values
i. Genetics genes and heredity
23.
Qualitative observation observation based on
j. Cytology cells
self impressions
k. Histology tissues
24.
Conclusion statement that accepts or rejects
l. Anatomy parts and structures of living
the hypothesis
things
25.
Information reading books, journals or articles
m. Physiology Functions of body parts
related to the problem
n. Microbiology microorganisms
26.
Data recorded observations and
o. Biochemistry molecular basis of life
measurements
9.
Examples of Social Science
27.
Discussion explains the observation
a. Anthropology how humans developed
biologically and culturally.
LABORATORY TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
b. Political science political and
governmental institutions
28.
Alcohol lamp weak source of heat and light
c. Economics production and distribution of
29.
Aspirator used for cleaning and getting liquid
wealth
with the use of pipette
d. History records and explains past events
30.
Beaker measurement of large quantities of
e. Education teaching and learning
liquid and as container of boiling mixture
f. Law rules
31.
Bunsen burner source of non-luminous (blue)
g. Linguistics language
flame
h. Psychology mental function and behavior
32.
Buret a graduated glass tube used for
of individuals
delivering a measured volume of liquid
10.
Examples of Applied Science
discharged
a. Metallurgy metals
33.
Buret clamp used to hold the buret in titration
b. Medicine maintenance of health and
34.
Centrifuge separates substances of different
prevention, alleviation and cure of disease
densities
c. Agriculture cultivation of the soil,
35.
Clamp holder used to hold iron clamp
production of crops and raising livestock
36.
Crucible and cover vessel for heating or
d. Pharmacy preparing, preserving of
melting substances at high temperature
medical drugs
37.
Crucible tong used to hold crucible
e. Engineering application of science and
38.
Desiccator used to dry substances or to
mathematics used to design and
provide a dry atmosphere for chemical reaction
manufacture complex products (Chem,
39.
Erlenmeyer flask flask used for titration of
Mech, Industrial)
filtration
f. Computer science computers
40.
Evaporating dish porcelain dish used to hold
g. Forensic Science- answer questions of
solutions that will be evaporated
interest to a legal system
41.
Florence flask used as container for boiling
11.
Kinds of technology
liquids

42.
43.
44.
45.
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48.
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60.

61.

Funnel used for pouring liquids through a

small opening and to hold filter papers
Graduated cylinder used for measuring
volumes of liquids
Iron clamp used to hold the distillation flask or
test tube in distillation
Iron ring used to hold the wire gauze and
container with liquid to be heated
Iron stand used to support the setup for
distillation
Liquid dropper a tube for measuring or
administering liquids by drops
Mortar and pestle used for pounding or
grinding
Pipet used fro measuring volumes of liquids
to be transferred direct from the reagent bottle
Balance used to measure the mass of a
substance
Spatula a broad flexible dull edged blade
used for scooping or spreading substances
Stirring rod slender glass used for stirring
Test tube glass tube used in making chemical
tests
Test tube rack used to hold test tubes
Test tube holder used to hold test tubes while
heating
Thermometer used to measure temperature
Tripod used for supporting the wire gauze
and container with liquid to be heated
Watch glass used for observing small amount
of samples reacting
Wire gauze fine woven wire used to regulate
heat of flame when used in heating
Safety measures in the laboratory
a. Wear goggles, laboratory gowns and close
shoes when in the laboratory.
b. Do not eat and or drink inside the
laboratory.
c. Do not place flammable materials near
flame.
d. Learn where the fire extinguisher, the first
aid kit and the laboratory assistants lounge
are.
e. Be careful in handling chemicals and
equipment, especially glasswares.
f. During dilution, acid into water, not water
into acid.
g. When heating substances in a test tube,
place test tube at 45o, pointing away from
any person using a test tube holder
h. Do not perform unauthorized experiments.
i. Do not perform experiments without the
supervision of the teacher.
j. Report immediately any injuries to the
teacher or to the laboratory assistant.
Some laboratory setups

Transferring liquid in container

Transferring dry chemicals

Heating test tubes

Fitration setup

Evaporation setup

Reading graduated cylinder

MEASUREMENTS
62.
SI Units - International System of Units; modern
form of metric system
63.
Fundamental quantities - set of units for
physical quantities from which every other unit
can be generated
64.
Examples of Fundamental Quantities
a. Time seconds, minutes, hour, days
b. Distance/length meter, miles, yard
c. Mass grams, pounds, tons
d. Electric current ampere
e. Temperature Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit
f. Mole amount of substance
g. Luminous intensity light
65.
Derived quantities units of measurements
formed from the fundamental quantities
66.
Examples of Derived Quantities
a. Speed m/s, km/hr, miles/hour
b. Acceleration m/s2
c. Work Joules, Kgm2/s2
d. Force - Kgm/s2
e. Volume m3
f. Power Watts, Kgm2/s3
g. Frequency Hertz, 1/s
h. Area m2
i. Density g/mL

67.

SI Prefixes

70.
71.

68.

Volume Formulas

72.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
73.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.

69.

Temperature scales

F 32
C
1. 8
o
F 1.8 oC 32
o

K o C 273

97.

98.
99.

Physical property property of matter that is

measurable whose value describes a physical
systems state
Chemical property property of matter that
becomes evident during chemical reaction, and
is the chemicals identity
Examples of physical properties
Mass
Volume
Density
Concentration
Specific heat
Temperature
Examples of chemical properties
Reactivity
Heat of combustion
Toxicity
Chemical stability
Oxidation
Luminescence
Deliquescence
Effervescence
Intensive properties properties that does not
depend on the amount of matter in an object
Extensive properties properties that depends
on the amount of matter in an object
State changes changes in the physical state
of matter
Melting change from solid to liquid state
Freezing change from liquid to solid state
Evaporation change from liquid to gas state
Condensation change from gas to liquid state
Sublimation change from solid state to gas
state
Deposition change from gas state to solid
state
Bose Einstein condensate state of matter of
dilute gas at temperatures very near the
absolute temperature
Plasma state of matter wherein gas exists as
charged particles
Superfluids state of matter in which matter
behaves like a fluid without viscosity, or friction
Brownian motion describes the random
movement of solutes or molecules
Surface tension tendency of water molecules
to behave as stretched film on the surface
Capillarity tendency of liquid to rise up in a
container
Cohesion attraction between the same kind of
molecules
Adhesion attraction between different kinds of
molecules
Democritus a Greek philosopher who stated
that matter is made of atoms, that they are
indivisible
Aristotle believed that atoms can still be
divided without end
John Dalton stated that matter is made up of
atoms
Elements matter made up of only one kind of
atom
Compounds matter made up of two or more
kinds of atoms
Joseph John Thomson believed that the
electrons in an atom is scattered in a positive
sphere like raisins in bread; discovered the
electron
Ernest Rutherford believed that the protons
are found in the nucleus and electrons are
scattered around the nucleus; discovered the
nucleus and the proton
Neils Bohr believed that the atoms orbit
around the nucleus in distinct energy levels
James Chadwick discovered the neutron

100.

Atomic number the number of protons in the

atom
101.
Mass number the number of protons and
neutrons in the atom
102.
Isotopes elements with the same atomic
number but different mass numbers or different
number of neutrons
103.
Periodic table arrangement of elements
according to their atomic masses and shared
characteristics
104.
Mendeleev arranged the elements according
to their atomic weight
105.
Henry Mosely arranged the elements
according to their atomic number
106.
Period the horizontal row of elements
107.
Group/family the vertical row of elements
108.
Pure substances substances that are
composed of atoms that are chemically
combined
109.
Elements pure substances made up of only
one kind of atoms
110.
Compounds pure substances made up of two
or more chemically combined atoms
111.
Organic compounds compounds that have
carbons attached to hydrogen
112.
Carbohydrates organic compounds that are
composed of C, H, and O and are energy
givers
113.
Proteins organic compounds that are
composed of C, H, O and N and are used to
build and repair muscles
114.
Lipids organic compounds that are not
soluble in water
115.
Inorganic compounds compounds wherein
carbon is not attached to H and O
116.
Acids compounds that give off H when
dissolved in water
117.
Properties of acids
a. Sour taste
b. Reacts with metals
c. Turn blue litmus paper to red
118.
Bases compounds that take H when
dissolved in water
119.
Properties of bases
a. Bitter taste
b. Soapy feel
c. Turn red litmus paper to blue
120.
Salt product of neutralization of acids and
bases
121.
Ionic bonding bonding produced by transfer
of
COMPUTATIONS
SHOW
YOUR
SOLUTIONS

UNIT CONVERSION
1. 2 000 000 000 cm
2. 0.000 000 000 000 289 kg
3. 0.020 ml
4. 3 050 cm3
5. 250 000 L
6. 35 000 000 mg
7. 0.0670 m
8. 0.000 211 mm
9. 5.8 m3
10. 0.0023 g
11. 750 kg
12. 500 m3
13. 56.5 F
14. 28 C

15.
16.
17.
18.

F
C
F
K

SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONS
Convert the following to scientific notation in three
significant figures
1. 0.025 37 s
2. 633 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 molecules
3. 75 600 000 000 000 000 000 g
4. 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 635 1 s
5. 300 000 000 000 000g
6. 0.000 000 000 000 031 5m
DENSITY PROBLEMS
1. A platinum bar measures 5.0 cm long, 4.0 cm wide, and
1.5 cm thick. It has a mass of 700.0 grams.
a. Calculate the volume of the platinum bar.
b. Calculate the density of the platinum bar.
2. A lead cylinder has a mass of 540 grams and a density
of 2.79 g/ml. Calculate the volume of the lead cylinder.
3. A bar soap is 12 cm tall, 6 cm wide, and 10 cm long. It
has a mass of 415 grams. What is the density of the
bar of soap?
4. A sheet of metal is 2 mm thick, 10 cm wide and 15 cm
long. Its mass is 4 grams. What is the density?
5. If the density of a 45.0 cm3 block of wood is 0.65 g/ml,
what is its mass in kilograms and milligrams?
6. A pencil has a density of 0.875 g/ml. It has a mass of
3.5 grams. What is the volume in cm3?
7. A piece of copper has a volume of 28.6 cm3. The
density of copper is 8.92 g/cm3. What is the mass of
copper?
8. On the determination of the volume of the stone, a
graduated cylinder was filled with water up to 37.5mL
mark. When the stone was placed inside the cylinder,
the water level reached the 42.3mL mark.
a. Find the volume of the stone in mL and cm3.
b. If the mass of the stone is 250g, what is the
density of the stone?
c. If the density of the stone is 17.5g/cm3, what is its
mass?
A.
Extensive or intensive property?
1.
Volume
2.
Luster
3.
Temperature
4.
Mass
5.
Density
6.
Pressure
7.
Heat
8.
Molecular structure
9.
Viscosity
10. Concentration
B.

mm
g
L
m3
ml
kg
km
km
cm3
mg
mg
ml
C
K

126 K
23.4 K
15 C
45.8 F

Physical of chemical change?

1. Evolution of gas
2. Ice melting
3. Water boiling
4. Digestion of food
5. Soil erosion
6. Chopping of wood
7. Ripening of fruits
8. Rusting of iron
9. Baking of cake
10. Fermenting wine
11. Raining

I. Subatomic Particles. Complete the table below.

Element

Symbol

Z=p=e
A

A=p+n

Br
Pt

195

35

45

78

Magnesium

12
Na

11

Lithium

12

12

Iron

56

26

II. Elements. Complete the table below

Element

Symbol

Metal, nonmetal or
metalloid?

Group #

Family

Sodium
Ca
Sulfur
O
III. Electron Distribution. Complete the table below
Atom
Electron Configuration Notation
K 19
Mg 12
Ca 20
Ar 18

Cl 17

Valence Electron

Electron Dot Notation