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Chemistry 200 Lab: More Volatile, Lower Boiling Point

This document describes four types of distillation used in a chemistry lab experiment on distilling alcoholic beverages: simple distillation where a mixture is distilled once, fractional distillation where it is distilled several times, steam distillation using two immiscible liquids, and vacuum distillation where components evaporate at lower temperatures. The experiment uses 25ml of a beverage sample, boiling chips, and collects 0.5ml of distillate to determine the ethanol percentage through calculations of volume, loss percentage, and experimental error. Distillation apparatus includes a flask, distilling head, thermometer, condenser, and for fractional distillation, a fractionating column.

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Pam Garcia
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71 views2 pages

Chemistry 200 Lab: More Volatile, Lower Boiling Point

This document describes four types of distillation used in a chemistry lab experiment on distilling alcoholic beverages: simple distillation where a mixture is distilled once, fractional distillation where it is distilled several times, steam distillation using two immiscible liquids, and vacuum distillation where components evaporate at lower temperatures. The experiment uses 25ml of a beverage sample, boiling chips, and collects 0.5ml of distillate to determine the ethanol percentage through calculations of volume, loss percentage, and experimental error. Distillation apparatus includes a flask, distilling head, thermometer, condenser, and for fractional distillation, a fractionating column.

Uploaded by

Pam Garcia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHEMISTRY 200 LAB

FOUR TYPES OF DISTILLATION

DISTILLATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

1.
2.
3.

Three types of Alcohol according to percent:

4.

Experiment 1:

1.
2.
3.

Beers: 5%
Wine: 8-14%
Spirit: 40-50%

Simple distillation: one time only


Fractional distillation: several times
Steam distillation: two immiscible liquids
behave independently of one another
Vacuum distillation: components of
mixture will evaporate at a temperature
lower than boiling point

In the experiment

Boiling point: the temperature at which the vapor


pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure
surrounding the liquid

25ml of sample beverage was used

Volatile: evaporating rapidly

Boiling chips: used to regulate heating and prevent


super heating. They are porous. They prevent
bumping (They turn big bubbles to small bubbles).

More volatile, lower boiling point


Distillation: a method use to purify a compound by
separating it from its less-volatile component
Raoults Law: states that for liquid mixtures, the
partial pressure of liquid A is equal to that of the pure
liquid multiplied by its mole fraction in the mixture

2 pieces of boiling chips were used.

0.5ml distillate per DRY test tube


Distillation was stopped when the temperature
reached 96-97C

Fermentation: converts sugar into alcohol

Rotating the flame around the flask will allow the


even distribution of heat, lessening the possibility of
cracking the glassware or splattering the liquid.

Chemical equation for alcoholic fermentation:

SOLUTIONS:

6 12 6 + 2

2 5 + 2

THE SET-UP

Still: a flask where the impure mixture was


held
Distilling head, which is a 3-way
connection for the still
Thermometer pocket: where the laboratory
thermometer was ought to be placed
Condenser: which plays the role for
condensing the desired vaporized
component. The condenser was supplied by
running water, connected to a pump system.
This allows the desired vapor to condensate
into liquid phase, enabling its collection to a
separate vessel.

Fractional distillation has only one difference, a


fractionating column, which was installed
between the still and the distilling head.

Fractional column: where the cycle of


evaporation and condensation take place

=
% =

% = 100 (

% =

100

+
100)

| |
100

DISTILLATION CURVE: plots temperature vs.


volume of distillate

APPARATUS USED FOR SIMPLE


DISTILLATION

APPARATUS USED FOR FRACTIONAL


DISTILLATION

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