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Hydroelectric Turbines: Submitted To: - Sir Kashif Habib Submitted By: - Nehal Aslam (M13-418)

This document defines and describes hydroelectric turbines. It explains that hydroelectric turbines convert the kinetic and potential energy of water into mechanical work. There are two main types of hydroelectric turbines: impulse turbines and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use the kinetic energy of water focused through a nozzle onto the turbine blades, while reaction turbines have nozzles attached to the rotating assembly so the water pressure changes as it passes through. Examples of each type are provided, along with their advantages of being able to operate under different water heads and speeds, and disadvantages like environmental impacts and wear from unclean water.

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ErAbdulRehman
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101 views2 pages

Hydroelectric Turbines: Submitted To: - Sir Kashif Habib Submitted By: - Nehal Aslam (M13-418)

This document defines and describes hydroelectric turbines. It explains that hydroelectric turbines convert the kinetic and potential energy of water into mechanical work. There are two main types of hydroelectric turbines: impulse turbines and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use the kinetic energy of water focused through a nozzle onto the turbine blades, while reaction turbines have nozzles attached to the rotating assembly so the water pressure changes as it passes through. Examples of each type are provided, along with their advantages of being able to operate under different water heads and speeds, and disadvantages like environmental impacts and wear from unclean water.

Uploaded by

ErAbdulRehman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SUBMITTED TO: - SIR KASHIF HABIB

SUBMITTED BY: - NEHAL ASLAM (M13-418)

HYDROELECTRIC TURBINES
DEFINITION:A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinetic and potential energy of water into mechanical work.

Working principle:Flowing water is directed on to the blades of a turbine runner, creating a force on the blades. Since the runner is
spinning, the force acts through a distance. In this way, energy is transferred from the water flow to the turbine

Types:There are two types of hydroelectric turbines:

Impulse turbines:
An impulse turbine is one which the pressure of the fluid flowing over the rotor blades is constant and
all the work output is due to the change in kinetic energy of the fluid.
Prior to hitting the turbine blades, the water's pressure (potential energy) is converted to kinetic energy
by a nozzle and focused on the turbine. No pressure change occurs at the turbine blades, and the turbine
doesn't require a housing for operation.
Types of impulse turbines:a) Pelton wheel
b) Turgo turbine
c) Cross-flow turbine

Reaction turbines:
In a reaction turbine, unlike in an impulse turbine, the nozzles that discharge the working fluid are
attached to the rotor. The acceleration of the fluid leaving the nozzles produces a reaction force on the
pipes, causing the rotor to move in the opposite direction to that of the fluid. The pressure of the fluid
changes as it passes through the rotor blades. In most cases, a pressure casement is needed to contain the
working fluid as it acts on the turbine; in the case of water turbines, the casing also maintains the suction
imparted by the draft tube. Alternatively, where a casing is absent, the turbine must be fully immersed in
the fluid flow as in the case of wind turbines. Francis turbines and most steam turbines use the reaction
turbine
concept.
Types of Reaction Turbines:a) Francis turbine
b) Kaplan turbine
c) Tyson Turbine

Advantages of hydroelectric turbines:

They can work under any water head.


They can operate at very high speed.
They can be controlled automatically.

Disadvantages of hydroelectric turbines:

Environmental Consequences
Cavitation factor
Water hammer effect can create problems
Unclean water can create wear.

REFERENCES:-

http://www.enggpedia.com/mechanical-engineering-encyclopedia/dictionary/hydraulics/1689-water-turbine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_turbine
Power generation book by A.K RAJA

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