Power Transmission, Distribution and
Utilization
Lecture# 7: Shunt parameters of a
Transmission line
Slide credits
This presentation is based on the textbook by
D. P. Kotari
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Contents
Transmission (T/M) line capacitance
calculations
Case of multiple conductors
Capacitance of a two wire system
Capacitance of three phase system with equal
spacing
Capacitance of three phase system with
unequal spacing
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T/M lines Capacitance calculations
Calculation of Electric field strength (E)
Gausss Law
Estimation of voltage between conductors
Capacitance (C) =Charge/Potential = q/V
Like the inductance, the capacitance will be
derived for
Single phase line (solid conductor)
Three phase line
With equilateral spacing
With unequal spacing
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T/M lines Capacitance calculations
Line conductors have voltage difference
between phases and the ground.
These conductors are separated by a
dielectric (air) over entire length of T/M line
In cables , it can be XLP (Cross link
polyetheline insulation) or paper or some
other kind of insulation.
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T/M lines Capacitance calculations
Gausss law
Total electric flux leaving the close surface is equal
to total charge within the volume enclosed by the
closed surface.
Mathematically
kE ds= Qenclosed
k= Permittivity of the medium
E= Electric field strength at the surface
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T/M lines Capacitance calculations
In a perfect conductor the electric field inside
is zero.
Therefore, electric field only external to
conductor will be discussed.
Consider a long straight conductor with charge
q colomb/meter
Electric field intensity at a distance y from the
axis of the conductor is
=q/2ky V/m
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T/M lines Capacitance calculations
P1 and P2 are two
points at D1 and D2
from the conductor.
V12 is given by
V12= integral of electric
field intensity
=q/(2ky) dy Volts
=q/(2k) ln D2/D1 Volts
The thick line shown
the path of the
potential difference
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The case of multiple conductors
Assumptions
Conductors are far from
the ground and sufficiently
spaced from each other.
Conductor radius is <<
distances between them
Charge on conductors is
uniformly distributed
Note: First two
assumptions meet the
overhead T/M line .
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The case of multiple conductors
To get the potential difference between any
two conductors of the group = individual
charged conductors
This is valid for DC as well as AC quantities.
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Capacitance of a two wire line
Consider the figure.
A single phase voltage is
applied to this wire
Equal and opposite
sinusoidal charges are
developed
qa=-qb
Assume that ra=rb << D
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Capacitance of a two wire line
Cab then be equal to
If ra=rb=r
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Capacitance of a two wire line
Line to line capacitance
is like two equal
capacitances in series.
The capacitance of each
line to neutral is then
given by
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Capacitance of three phase line with
equal spacing
Using the Vab we can write
Adding above two equations
Sum of charges on three conductors is zero.
qa+qb+qc=0
qb+qc=-qa
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Capacitance of three phase line with
equal spacing
For a balanced three
phase voltage to a line
Vab+Vac=3Van
So putting back in the
last equation
For air kr=1
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Capacitance of three phase line with
unequal spacing
We assumed that the
T/M line over the entire
length is transposed.
Therefore, for each
section the expression
can be written as
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Capacitance of three phase line with
unequal spacing
If we neglect the voltage drop, we can safely
assume that Vab in all above equations is
same.
Vbc=Vab -120
The equations for the conductor b and c can
also be written on the same pattern.
For a transposed cycle of all three sections
nine equations are available.
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Capacitance of three phase line with
unequal spacing
We assume that
Also, Vab will be averaged for all three sections
of transposed line. Therefore,
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Capacitance of three phase line with
unequal spacing
Therefore,
Capacitance of line to neutral
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