Declaration

This is to certify that the dissertation titled Sexual offences under IPC: A critical
study of the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 submitted in the partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of B.A.LL.B(H) to
Amity Law School,II, Noida, is an original work. The matter embodied in this
dissertation is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other
degree.

Date:
Place: New Delhi

Sonam Chaudhary
Roll No: A11911112156/2012-17

Certificate

This is to certify that the dissertation titled Sexual Offences Under I.P.C: A Critical Study Of
Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 is prepared by Sonam Chaudhary of this institution
under my supervision in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of B.A.
LL.B(H) awarded by this institute.

Date:
Place: New Delhi

Mr. Tushar Ved Saxena

Assistant Professor
Amity Law School, Noida

Acknowledgement

I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to my Guide; Mr. Tushar Ved

Saxena for supervising this dissertation and blessing me with his valuable
suggestions at times to improve the work. Despite his busy schedule and
engagements with other assignments, he was overwhelmingly generous to spare
his precious time in reviewing chapters of this dissertation that have helped in
improving the quality of the work.
I thank all my friends for their cooperation and encouragement.
This work is an outcome of an unparallel support in all respects that I have
received from ALS library staff.
This study bears testimony to the active contribution, and encouragement of a
host of friends and well-wishers.

Date:
Place: New Delhi

Sonam Chaudhary
Roll No: A11911112156/2012-17

Table Of Contents
Particulars
Declaration
Certificate
Acknowledgement
List of Abbreviations
List of cases
Chapter 1. Introduction
Statement of problem

Page
No.
i
ii
iii
vii
viii
1

Significance of the study

Scope and object of the study
Research questions:
Research problem
Focus of the study
Hypothesis
Methodology
Literature Review
Plan of Study
Chapter 2. Sexual Offences under IPC: A brief overview of

11

position before 2013 amendment.

Rape
Aggravated Rape
Sexual intercourse not amounting to the offence of rape
Marital Rape
Outraging modesty of women

Insulting the modesty of woman

Chapter 3. Discourses in law relating to sexual offences:

22

An analysis of previous attempts

42nd Law Commission Report on Focus on Indian Penal
Code (1971)
84th Law Commission Report on Rape and allied
offences: some questions of substantive law, procedure
and evidence (1980)
172nd Law Commission Report on Review of Rape Laws
(2000)
Malimath Committee Report on Criminal Justice Reforms
(2003) [Committee on Reforms of Criminal Justice
System]
Chapter 4. Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013: An

43

analysis
Background
Analysis of Justice Verma Committee Report.
Criminal Law Amendment Ordinance 2013 and its
analysis
Chapter 5. Criminal Law Amendment Act, 2013: Issues

57

and Concerns.
Gender Neutrality
Marital rape
Issue of age of Consent
Issues Relating to Sentencing and Punishment
Issues relating to retrospective operation of criminal law
5

Chapter 6. Conclusion and Suggestions

Concluding Remarks
Suggestions
Bibliography

95

List of Abbreviations
AFSPA

Armed Forces Special Powers Act

AIR

All India Reporter

All ER

All England Reporter

All LJ

Allahabad Law Journal

CBI

Central Bureau of Investigation

Cri LJ

Criminal Law Journal

Cr PC

Criminal Procedure Code

6

Ed.

Edition

I.P.C

Indian Penal Code

Id.

Same as above different page

JVC

Justice Verma Committee Report

LCI

Law Commission of India

NCRB

National Crime Record Bureo

SCC

Supreme Court Cases

SCJ

Supreme Court Journal

SCR

Supreme Court Review

Supra

Written above

U.K

United Kingdom

USA

United States of America

WHO

World Health Organisation

List of Cases

Roop Singh v. State of Uttaranchal, 2006 Cri LJ 353 (Uttaranchal High Court).
Girdhar Gopal v. State, 1953 Cri LJ 964.
Fatima v. Mc. Cormick, 1913 Cri LJ 149(FB)(Lower Chief Court).
Champa Pasin v. Emperor, AIR 1928 Pat 326.
State of Punjab v. Major Singh , 1967 Cr LJ 1.
Rupan Deol Bajaj & Anr v. Kanwar Pal Singh Gill & Anr, AIR 1996 SC 309.
Faiz Mohammad (1903) 5 Bom LR 502.
Bankey v. State, AIR 1961 All 131.
Emperor v. Tarak Das Gupta, AIR 1926 Bom 159.
Willan v. Willan (1960) 2 All ER 463.
Liberta v. Kelly, ER 363 (1960).
Queen Empress v. Hurree Mohan Mythee (1890) 18 Cal. 49.
Kartick Kundu v State (1967) Cri LJ (Cal) 1411 (Feb. 23, 1966).
7

Bodhisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborthy (1996) 1 S.C.C. 490.

R v. R [1991] 3 W.L.R. 767.
Sakshi v. Union of India, AIR. 2004 S.C. 3566.
State-of H.P. v. Mango Ram, (2000) 7 SCC 224.
Rao Harnarain Singh v. The State, 1958 Cri LJ 563.
State of U. P. v. Chottey Lai, (2011) 2 SCC 550.
Dileep Singh v. State of Bihar, (2005) 1SCC 88.
Tukaram v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1979 SC 185.
Mohd. Habib v. State, 1989 Cri LJ (Del.) 137.

Mohd. Munna v. Union of India (2005) 7 SCC 417.

Ramesh Bhai Chandubhai Ralhode v. State of Gujarat (2011) 2 SCC 76.

State of UP v. Sanjay Kumar (2012) 8 SCC 537.

Bachhan Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1980 SC 898.

Macchi Singh v. State (1983) 3 SCC 470.
Mulla v. State of U.P. (2010) 3 SCC 508.
Gopal Vinayak Godse v. The State of Maharashtra and Ors, 1961 SCR (3) 440.
State of Madhya Pradesh v. Ratan Singh, 1976 SCR 552.
Shri Bhagwan v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 2001 SC 2342.
Mohd. Munna v. Union of India (2005) 7 SCC 417.
Swamy Shraddananda v. State Of Karnataka (2008) 13 SCC 787.
Smt. Dayawati v. Inderjit, AIR 1966 SC 1423.
Prahlad Krishna v. State of Bombay, AIR 1952 Bom 1.
Pareed Lubha v. Nilambaram, AIR 1967 Ker 155.
Kedarnath v. State of West Bengal, 1954 SCR 30.

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http://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/article/rape-laws-in-india-appropriateor-not-471-1.html (Visited on March 25, 2014).

Rape Laws of India, available at: http://mynation.net/rapelaw.htm (Visited on

April 15, 2014).

Rape:

Legal

issues

in

mental

health

perspective,

available

at:

http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3777346/reload=0;jsessionid=6EO9RwfH6yD
wZ7TY2PaZ.14 (Visited on March 25, 2014).

Redefining
A

Constructive

the

Rape
and

Comparative

Laws
Approach,

in
available

India:
at:

http://www.legalserviceindia.com/articles/rape_1.htm (Visited on March 25,

2014).

21

Retrospective

Operations

Of

Criminal

Law,

available

at:

http://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l191-Retrospective-Operations-OfCriminal-Law.html (Visited on April 26, 2014).

Simplifying the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 IPC (Part I), available
at:

http://grayscale.org.in/entries/general/simplifying-the-criminal-law-

amendment-act-2013-%E2%80%93-ipc-part-i- (Visited on February 15, 2014).

The Criminal Law (Amendment) Bill 2012: Sexual Assault as a Gender Neutral
Offence,

available

at:

http://www.epw.in/web-exclusives/criminal-law-

amendment-bill-2012-sexual-assault-gender-neutral-offence.html

(Visited

on

February 17, 2014).

The Criminal Law (Amendment) Bill, 2013 A Critical Analysis, available at:
http://rostrumlegal.in/the-criminal-law-amendment-bill-2013-a-critical-analysis/
(Visited on February 2, 2014).

What

Indias

New

Anti-Rape

Bill

Actually

Says,

available

at:

http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/21/what-indias-anti-rape-bill-actuallysays/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0 (Visited on April 26, 2014).

Women

groups

protest

anti-rape

ordinance,

available

at:

http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-women-groups-protest-anti-rape-ordinance1796191 (Visited on February 15, 2014).

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A Gender

Neutral

Law

Of

Rape

Criminology Essay,

available

at:

http://www.ukessays.com/essays/criminology/a-gender-neutral-law-of-rapecriminology-essay.php#ixzz2uzCREZSE(Visited on April 3, 2014).

Centre mulling change of definition of rape to make it gender-neutral, available

at: http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/centre-mulling-change-of-definition-ofrape-to-make-it-genderneutral/1177898/ (Visited on April 3, 2014).

Gender-Symmetry in Sexual Assault: An Analysis of the CDC NIPSVS, available

at: http://permutationofninjas.org/post/57003274589/gender-symmetry-in-sexualassault-an-analysis-of-the (Visited on April 3, 2014).

Government Plans To Make Rape Law Gender Neutral, available at:

http://nlrd.org/womens-rights-initiative/news-on-womens-rights-violence-againstwomen/government-plans-to-make-rape-law-gender-neutral (Visited on April 3,
2014).

Men Raped: Supporting the Male Survivor of Sexual Assault on the College
Campus, available at: http://www.uvm.edu/~vtconn/v19/manzano.html (Visited
on April 3, 2014).

Only

men

can

be

booked

for

rape,

available

at:

http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/only-men-can-be-bookedfor-rape/article1-1021702.aspx (Visited on April 3, 2014).

PRESS RELEASE Mens Rights Activists are dismayed at lack of political will
to

protect men,

available

at:
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http://rapelawofindia.wordpress.com/2013/03/14/press-release-mens-rightsactivists-are-dismayed-at-lack-of-political-will-to-protect-men/#more-27 (Visited
on April 3, 2014).

Rape

is

not

just

women's

issue,

available

at:

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/mar/17/stern-review-male-rape
(Visited on April 3, 2014).

Rape law to be gender neutral -Nod to amendment,

available at:

http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120720/jsp/nation/story_15750892.jsp#.UxWZO
-O1azY (Visited on April 3, 2014).

Wanted:

Gender-just

rape

laws,

available

at:

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/wanted-genderjust-rape
laws/article4484004.ece (Visited on April 3, 2014).

Why a gender neutral anti-rape law isnt anti-women, available at:

http://www.firstpost.com/living/why-a-gender-neutral-anti-rape-law-isnt-antiwomen-657065.html?utm_source=ref_article (Visited on April 3, 2014).

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