Unbraced Column Verification Example

AISC Design Examples

AISC 13th Edition

ASDIP Steel is available for purchase online at www.asdipsoft.com

H-9

Example H.4

W-Shape Subject to Combined Axial Compression and

Flexure

Given: Select an ASTM A992 W-shape with a 10 in. nominal depth to carry nominal axial compression
forces of 5 kips from dead load and 15 kips from live load. The unbraced length is 14 ft and the ends are
pinned. The member also has the following nominal required moment strengths, not including second-order
effects:

MxD = 15 kip-ft
MyD = 2 kip-ft

MxL = 45 kip-ft
MyL = 6 kip-ft

The member is not subject to sidesway.

Solution:
Material Properties:
ASTM A992
Fy = 50 ksi

Fu = 65 ksi

Calculate the required strength, not considering second-order effects

LRFD

ASD

Pu = 1.2(5.00 kips) + 1.6(15.0 kips)

= 30.0 kips
Mux = 1.2(15.0 kip-ft) + 1.6(45.0 kip-ft)
= 90.0 kip-ft
Muy = 1.2(2.00 kip-ft) + 1.6(6.00 kip-ft)
= 12.0 kip-ft

Pa = 5.00 kips + 15.0 kips

= 20.0 kips
Max = 15.0 kip-ft + 45.0 kip-ft
= 60.0 kip-ft
May = 2.00 kip-ft + 6.00 kip-ft
= 8.00 kip-ft

Try a W1033
Geometric Properties:
W1033
A = 9.71 in.2

Sx= 35.0 in.3

Sy= 9.20 in.3
Lp = 6.85 ft

Zx = 38.8 in.3
Zy = 14.0 in.3
Lr = 12.8 ft

Ix = 171 in.4
Iy = 36.6 in.4

Manual
Table 1-1
Table 3-1

Calculate the available axial strength

Commentary
Table
C-C2.2

For a pinned-pinned condition, K = 1.0.

Since KLx = KLy = 14.0 ft and rx > ry, the y-y axis will govern.
LRFD

Pc = cPn = 253 kips

ASD

Pc = Pn/c = 168 kips

Manual
Table 4-1

H-10

Calculate the required flexural strengths including second order amplification

Use Amplified First-Order Elastic Analysis procedure from Section C2.1b.
member is not subject to sidesway, only P- amplifiers need to be added.
B1 =

Since the

Cm
1 Pr / Pe1

Eqn. C2-2

Cm = 1.0
X-X axis flexural magnifier
Pe1 =

2 EI x

( K1 Lx )

2 ( 29,000 ksi ) 171in.4

( (1.0 )(14.0 ft )(12 in./ft ) )

Eqn. C2-5

= 1730 kips

LRFD

ASD

= 1.0

= 1.6

1.0
B1 =
= 1.02
1 1.0 ( 30.0 kips /1730 kips )

B1 =

Mux = 1.02(90.0 kip-ft) = 91.8 kip-ft

Max = 1.02(60.0 kip-ft) = 61.2 kip-ft

1.0
= 1.02
1 1.6 ( 20.0 kips /1730 kips )

Eqn. C2-2

Y-Y axis flexural magnifier

Pe1 =

2 EI y

( K1 Ly )

2 ( 29,000 ksi ) 36.6 in.4

( (1.0 )(14.0 ft )(12 in./ft ) )

) = 371 kips

Eqn. C2-5

LRFD

ASD

= 1.0

= 1.6

1.0
B1 =
= 1.09
1 1.0 ( 30.0 kips / 371kips )

B1 =

Muy = 1.09(12.0 kip-ft) = 13.1 kip-ft

May = 1.09 (8.00 kip-ft) = 8.76 kip-ft

1.0
= 1.09
1 1.6 ( 20.0 kips / 371kips )

Eqn. C2-2

Calculate the nominal bending strength about the x-x axis

Yielding limit state
Mnx = Mp = FyZx = 50 ksi(38.8 in.3) = 1940 kip-in or 162 kip-ft

Eqn. F2-1

Lateral-torsional buckling limit state

Since Lp < Lb < Lr, Equation F2-2 applies
From Manual Table 3-1, Cb = 1.14

Manual
Table 3-1

H-11

Lb - L p
Mnx = Cb M p - ( M p -0.7 Fy S x )
M Mp
L - L

p
r

Eqn. F2-2

14.0 ft - 6.85ft
Mnx = 1.14 1940 kip-in. - 1940 kip-in. - 0.7 ( 50 ksi ) 35.0 in.3

21.8 ft - 6.85ft

= 1820 kip-in. M 1940 kip-in., therefore use:

Mnx = 1820 kip-in. or 152 kip-ft

))

controls

Local buckling limit state

Per Manual Table 1-1, the member is compact for Fy = 50 ksi, so the local buckling limit state
does not apply

Manual
Table 1-1

Calculate the nominal bending strength about the y-y axis

Section F6.2

Since a W1033 has compact flanges, only the yielding limit state applies.
Eqn. F6-1

Mny = Mp = FyZy M 1.6FySy

= 50 ksi(14.0 in.3) M 1.6(50 ksi)(9.20 in.3)
= 700 kip-in < 736 kip-in., therefore
Use Mny = 700 kip-in. or 58.3 kip-ft
LRFD

ASD

b = 0.90
Mcx = bMnx = 0.90(152 kip-ft) = 137 kip-ft
Mcy = bMny = 0.90(58.3 kip-ft) = 52.5 kip-ft

b = 1.67
Mcx = Mnx/b = 152 kip-ft/1.67 = 91.0 kip-ft
Mcy = Mny/b = 58.3 kip-ft/1.67 = 34.9 kip-ft

Section F2

Check limit for Equation H1-1a

LRFD

ASD

P
Pr
30.0 kips
= u =
= 0.119, therefore,
253 kips
Pc c Pn
use Specification Equation H1.1b
M
M
Pr
+ rx + ry M 1.0

2 Pc
M cy
M cx
91.8 kip-ft
30.0 kips
13.1 kip-ft
+
+

2(253 kips) 137 kip-ft

52.5 kip-ft

Pa
Pr
20.0 kips
=
=
= 0.119, therefore
168 kips
Pc Pn / c
use Specification Equation H1.1b
M
M
Pr
+ rx + ry M 1.0

2 Pc
M cy
M cx
61.2 kip-ft
20.0 kips
8.76 kip-ft
+
+

2(168 kips) 91.0 kip-ft

34.9 kip-ft

0.0593 + 0.920 = 0.979 M 1.0

0.0595 + 0.924 = 0.983 M 1.0

o.k.

o.k.

Section H1.1

Eqn. H1.1b

Project: Verification Example

Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE
Descrip: Unbraced Column Example
ASDIP Steel 3.2.5

STEEL COLUMN DESIGN

GEOMETRY
Column Designation ........
W10X33
Steel Yield Strength Fy ....
50.0
Modulus of Elasticity Es ...
29000
Member Length L ............
14.00
Effective Length Kx-factor
1.00
Effective Length Ky-factor
1.00
Unbraced Length Lb ........
14.00

ksi
ksi
ft

ft

OK

Area ..
Depth
bf ......
tw .....
tf .......
k des .
Ix ......

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7/20/2014
www.asdipsoft.com

9.7
9.7
8.0
0.29
0.44
0.94
171.0

PROPERTIES
in
Sx ...
in
Zx ...
in
rx ....
in
Iy ....
in
Sy ...
in
Zy ...
in
ry ....

SERVICE LOADS (ASD)

Loads from a 1st-Order Analysis to be Amplified (kip, k-ft)
Axial Moment X Moment Y
Total Axial in the Story ....
100
Story Shear ......
No Lateral Translation ..... 20.0
60.0
8.0
Interstory Drift ..
0.0
0.0
Lateral Translation Only ..
0.0
M1/M2 Ratio ....
Amplified Loads ..............
20.0
61.1
8.8
Cm-factor .........

X-X
300
2.30
1.00
0.30

35.0
38.8
4.19
36.6
9.2
14.0
1.94

Y-Y
300
1.50
1.00
0.36

in
in
in
in
in
in
in

kip
in

COMPRESSION
Slenderness Ratio Kx L / rx ......
40.1
Slenderness Ratio Ky L / ry ......
86.6
Max. Slenderness Ratio ............
86.6 OK
Limit States
Nominal Pn
Flexural Buckling
280.6 kip
Torsional Buckling
360.2 kip
Flexural-Torsional Buckling
N.A. kip
Nominal Strength Pn .........
280.6 kip
Safety Factor ................
1.67
Allowable Strength Pn/ ....
168.0 kip
P / Pn/ Design Ratio .............
0.12
OK
BENDING ABOUT Y-Y
Limit States
Nominal Mn
Yielding
58.3 k-ft
Lateral-Torsional Buckling
N.A. k-ft
Flange Local Buckling
N.A. k-ft
Web Local Buckling
N.A. k-ft
Nominal Strength Mn ........
58.3 k-ft
Safety Factor ................
1.67
Allowable Strength Mn/ ...
34.9 k-ft
M / Mn/ Design Ratio ...........
0.25
OK
1

Project: Verification Example

Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE
Descrip: Unbraced Column Example
ASDIP Steel 3.2.5

STEEL COLUMN DESIGN

Page # ___
7/20/2014
www.asdipsoft.com

BENDING ABOUT X-X

Moment at 1/4 point of Lb ...
46.0 k-ft
Moment at 1/2 point of Lb ...
60.0 k-ft
Moment at 3/4 point of Lb ...
46.0 k-ft
L. T. Buckling Cb-factor .......
1.14
Limit States
Nominal Mn
Yielding
161.7 k-ft
Lateral-Torsional Buckling
152.2 k-ft
Flange Local Buckling
N.A. k-ft
Web Local Buckling
N.A. k-ft
Nominal Strength Mn ........
152.2 k-ft
Safety Factor ................
1.67
91.1 k-ft
Allowable Strength Mn/ ...
M / Mn/ Design Ratio ...........
0.67
OK
COMBINED FORCES
AISC Equation {H1-1a) ...........
N.A.
AISC Equation {H1-1b) ...........
0.98

OK

LOCAL BUCKLING
Flanges in Flexure ................
Compact
Flanges in Compression .......
Non-slender
Web in Flexure ....................
Compact
Web in Compression ............
Non-slender

Project: Verification Example

Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE
Descrip: Unbraced Column Example

STEEL COLUMN DESIGN

ASDIP Steel 3.2.5

Column Designation ............

W10X33

Page # ___
7/20/2014
www.asdipsoft.com

Area ..

9.7

in

Sx ...

35.0

in

Steel Yield Strength Fy ......

50.0

ksi

Depth

9.7

in

Zx ...

38.8

in

Modulus of Elasticity Es .....

29000

ksi

bf ......

8.0

in

rx ....

4.19

in

Member Length L ...............

14.00

ft

tw .....

0.29

in

Iy ....

36.6

in

Effective Length Kx-factor ..

1.00

tf .......

0.44

in

Sy ...

9.2

in

Effective Length Ky-factor ..

1.00

k des .

0.94

in

Zy ...

14.0

in

Unbraced Length Lb ...........

14.00

Ix ......

171.0

in

ry ....

1.94

in

Axial

ft

OK

Moment X

Total Axial in the Story ......

100

No Lateral Translation .......

20.0

X-X

Moment Y

Y-Y

Story Shear ........

300

300

kip

60.0

8.0

Interstory Drift ....

2.30

1.50

in

Lateral Translation Only ....

0.0

0.0

0.0

M1/M2 Ratio ......

1.00

1.00

Amplified Loads .................

20.0

61.1

8.8

Cm-factor ...........

0.30

0.36

Slender unstiffened Qs = 1.00 ,

Slender stiffened Qa = 1.00 ,

Slenderness ratio

1.00 * 14.00 / 4.19 = 40.1

Slenderness ratio

1.00 * 14.00 / 1.94 = 86.6

Q = Qs * Qa = 1.00

Maximum slenderness ratio = Max (40.1, 86.6) = 86.6

3.14 * 29000
86.6

Elastic buckling

AISC E7

AISC E3
= 38.2 ksi

AISC Eq. E3-4

(38.2 >= 0.44 * 1.00 * 50.0 = 22.0)

Flexural buckling stress

AISC Eq. E3-2

Fcr = 1.00 * 50.0 * (0.658)

= 28.9 ksi
AISC Eq. E4-4

=[

* 29000 * 791.0
(1.00 * 14.0 * 12)

+ 11200 * 0.6 ]

1
171.0 + 36.6

= 70.1 ksi

(70.1 >= 0.44 * 1.00 * 50.0 = 22.0)

Torsional buckling

AISC Eq. E3-2

Fcr = 1.00 * 50.0 * (0.658)

Compressive strength

= 37.1 ksi

28.9 * 9.7 = 280.6 kip

AISC Eq. E3-1

Controlling limit state: Flexural Buckling

Compressive design ratio =

20.0
280.6 / 1.67

= 0.12 < 1.0 OK

AISC E1

Project: Verification Example

Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE
Descrip: Unbraced Column Example

STEEL COLUMN DESIGN

ASDIP Steel 3.2.5

Page # ___
7/20/2014
www.asdipsoft.com

AISC Eq F1-1
= 12.5 * 61.1 * 1.0 / (2.5 * 61.1 + 3 * 46.0 + 4 * 60.0 + 3 * 46.0 = 1.14

Plastic moment

50.0 * 38.8 = 1940.0 k-in

Nominal strength

AISC Eq. F2-1

1940.0 / 12 = 161.7 k-ft

Lp = 82.2 in

AISC Eq. F2-5

rts = 2.2 in

AISC Eq. F2-7

9.7 - 0.4 = 9.3 in

c = 1.0

(doubly symmetric I-shape)

AISC Eq. F2-8a

AISC Eq. F2-6

Lr = 261.9 in

AISC Eq. F2-4

1.14 * * 29000.0

Fcr = 75.8 ksi

Nominal strength

AISC Eq. F2-2

Mnx = 1.14 * [1940.0 - (1940.0 - 0.7 * 50.0 * 35.0)(14.0 * 12 - 82.2) / (261.9 - 82.2)] / 12 = 152.2 k-ft
X - Controlling limit state: Lateral-Torsional Buckling
=

X - Flexural design ratio =

61.1
152.2 / 1.67

= 0.67 < 1.0 OK

AISC F1

Min (50.0 * 14.0, 1.6 * 50.0 * 9.2) = 700.0 k-in

Nominal strength

700.0 / 12 = 58.3 k-ft

Nominal strength

(compact flanges)

AISC Eq. F6-1

Y - Controlling limit state: Yielding

Y - Flexural design ratio =

8.8
58.3 / 1.67

= 0.25 < 1.0 OK

AISC F1

Project: Verification Example

Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE
Descrip: Unbraced Column Example

STEEL COLUMN DESIGN

ASDIP Steel 3.2.5

Allowable axial strength

280.6
1.67

= 168.0 kip

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7/20/2014
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AISC E1

Allowable flexural strength

152.2
1.67

= 91.1 kip

AISC F1

Allowable flexural strength

58.3
1.67

= 34.9 kip

AISC F1

Combined forces ratio =

20.0
2 * 168.0

+ [

61.1
91.1

+ [

+
8.8
34.9

] = 0.98

AISC Eq. H1-1b

< 1.0

OK