(1) Assembly Language

Assembly language is the most basic programming language available for any processor. With
assembly language, a programmer works only with operations that are implemented directly on the
physical CPU.
Assembly languages generally lack high-level conveniences such as variables and functions, and
they arenot portable between various families of processors. It has the same structures and set of
commands as machine language, but it allows a programmer to use names instead of numbers. This
language is still useful for programmers when speed is necessary or when they need to carry out an
operation that is not possible in high-level languages.

(2)

Java

Java is a high-level programming language originally developed by Sun

Microsystems and released in 1995. Java runs on a variety of platforms,
such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX.
.Java is now used to develop large-scale enterprise applications, to enhance the
functionality of web servers (the computers that provide the content we see in our
web
browsers), to provide applications for consumer devices (e.g., cell phones,
pagers and personal digital assistants) and for many other purposes.

Java is Easy to write and more readable and eye catching.

Java has a concise, cohesive set of features that makes it easy to learn and use.

Most of the concepts are drew from C++ thus making Java learning simpler.

Secure :

Java program cannot harm other system thus making it secure.

Java provides a secure means of creating Internet applications.

Java provides secure way to access web applications.

Portable :

Java programs can execute in any environment for which there is a Java runtime system.(JVM)

Java programs can be run on any platform (Linux,Window,Mac)

Java programs can be transferred over world wide web (e.g applets)

Object-oriented :

Java programming is object-oriented programming language.

Like C++ java provides most of the object oriented features.

Java is pure OOP. Language. (while C++ is semi object oriented)

Robust :

Java encourages error-free programming by being strictly typed and performing

run-time checks.

Multithreaded :

Java provides integrated support for multithreaded programming.

Architecture-neutral :

Java is not tied to a specific machine or operating system architecture.

Machine Independent i.e Java is independent of hardware .

Interpreted :

Java supports cross-platform code through the use of Java bytecode.

Bytecode can be interpreted on any platform by JVM.

High performance :

Bytecodes are highly optimized.

JVM can executed them much faster .

Distributed :

Java was designed with the distributed environment.

Java can be transmit,run over internet.

Dynamic :

Java programs carry with them substantial amounts of run-time type information
that is used to verify and resolve accesses to objects at run time.

(3)

C Language

C is a general-purpose high level language that was originally developed by

Dennis Ritchie for the Unix operating system. It was first implemented on the
Digital Eqquipment Corporation PDP-11 computer in 1972. The Unix operating
system and virtually all Unix applications are written in the C language.
(4) The C language is structured, middle level programming language developed by
Dennis Ritchie
(5) Operating system programs such as Windows, Unix, Linux are written in C
language
(6) C89/C90 and C99 are two standardized editions of C language
(7) C has been written in assembly language
The C programming language is used for developing system applications that forms a
major portion of operating systems such as Windows, UNIX and Linux. Below are some
examples of C being used.

Database systems
Graphics packages
Word processors
Spreadsheets
Operating system development
Compilers and Assemblers
Network drivers
Interpreters

FEATURES OF C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE:

Reliability

Portability

Flexibility

Interactivity

Modularity

Efficiency and Effectiveness

(4) Python
Python is a fairly old language created by Guido Van Rossum. The design began in the
late 1980s and was first released in February 1991.
Python is a computer programming language that lets you work more quickly than other
programming languages. Experienced programmers in any other language can pick up
Python very quickly, and beginners find the clean syntax and indentation structure easy
to learn.
Features of Python Programming
1. A simple language which is easier to learn
Python has a very simple and elegant syntax. It's much easier to read and
write Python programs compared to other languages like: C++, Java, C#.
Python makes programming fun and allows you to focus on the solution rather
than syntax.
If you are a newbie, it's a great choice to start your journey with Python.
2. Free and open-source
You can freely use and distribute Python, even for commercial use. Not only
can you use and distribute softwares written in it, you can even make changes
to the Python's source code.
Python has a large community constantly improving it in each iteration.
3. Portability
You can move Python programs from one platform to another, and run it
without any changes.
It runs seamlessly on almost all platforms including Windows, Mac OS X and
Linux.
4. Extensible and Embeddable
Suppose an application requires high performance. You can easily combine
pieces of C/C++ or other languages with Python code.
This will give your application high performance as well as scripting
capabilities which other languages may not provide out of the box.
5. A high-level, interpreted language
Unlike C/C++, you don't have to worry about daunting tasks like memory
management, garbage collection and so on.
Likewise, when you run Python code, it automatically converts your code to
the language your computer understands. You don't need to worry about any
lower-level operations.

6. Large standard libraries to solve common tasks

Python has a number of standard libraries which makes life of a programmer
much easier since you don't have to write all the code yourself. For example:
Need to connect MySQL database on a Web server? You can use MySQLdb
library using import MySQLdb .
Standard libraries in Python are well tested and used by hundreds of people.
So you can be sure that it won't break your application.
7. Object-oriented
Everything in Python is an object. Object oriented programming (OOP) helps
you solve a complex problem intuitively.
With OOP, you are able to divide these complex problems into smaller sets by
creating objects.

Applications of Python
Web Applications
You can create scalable Web Apps using frameworks and CMS (Content Management
System) that are built on Python. Some of the popular platforms for creating Web Apps
are: Django, Flask, Pyramid, Plone, Django CMS.
Sites like Mozilla, Reddit, Instagram and PBS are written in Python.
Scientific and Numeric Computing
There are numerous libraries available in Python for scientific and numeric computing.
There are libraries like: SciPy and NumPy that are used in general purpose computing.
And, there are specific libraries like: EarthPy for earth science, AstroPy for Astronomy
and so on.
Also, the language is heavily used in machine learning, data mining and deep learning.
Creating software Prototypes
Python is slow compared to compiled languages like C++ and Java. It might not a good
choice if resources are limited and efficiency is a must.
However, Python is a great language for creating prototypes. For example: You can use
Pygame (library for creating games) to create your game's prototype first. If you like the
prototype, you can use language like C++ to create the actual game.
Good Language to Teach Programming

Python is used by many companies to teach programming to kids and newbies.

It is a good language with a lot of features and capabilities. Yet, it's one of the easiest
language to learn because of its simple easy-to-use syntax.