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Medical Anatomy and Pathology Insights

1. The internal jugular vein lies lateral to the common carotid artery within the carotid sheath, while the femoral vein lies medial to the femoral artery in the femoral triangle. 2. For central line placement, the common carotid pulse is palpated and the needle is inserted lateral to it into the internal jugular vein within the carotid sheath. 3. The contents of the carotid sheath are the internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, and vagus nerve, with the vein lateral and the vagus nerve posterior to the common carotid artery.

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Usama Sadiq
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391 views2 pages

Medical Anatomy and Pathology Insights

1. The internal jugular vein lies lateral to the common carotid artery within the carotid sheath, while the femoral vein lies medial to the femoral artery in the femoral triangle. 2. For central line placement, the common carotid pulse is palpated and the needle is inserted lateral to it into the internal jugular vein within the carotid sheath. 3. The contents of the carotid sheath are the internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, and vagus nerve, with the vein lateral and the vagus nerve posterior to the common carotid artery.

Uploaded by

Usama Sadiq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Medical and Anatomical Points

1.

Internal Jugular vein lies within the carotid sheath lateral to common carotid
artery. The opposite in true in case of femoral triangle where femoral vein lies
medial to femoral artery.
2. For Central line placement, common carotid pulse is palpated and needle is
inserted lateral to it.
3. Contents of carotid sheath: Int jugular vein, common carotid artery and vagus
nerve. (Vein lateral, vagus posterior to CCA)
4. Affarent pain fibres from heart enter the posterior horn of spinal cord at the
same level as the brachial plexus-leading to referred pain in neck and arm.
5. Pericardial space-btw visceral serous and parietal serous layers. Fibrous
pericardium adherent to parietal serous layer.
6. Collateral blood flow in hand- Superficial arch(extension of ulnar) and Deep
arch (extension of radial)
7. Collateral blood flow in foot-arcuate artery-branch of dorsal artery of foot.
8. Sup thyroid artery-from common carotid artery and inferior thyroid artery
from throcervical trunk.
9. Transposition of great vessels causes cyanosis earlier than that caused by
TOF but TOF is relatively more common and therefore MCC of cyanosis in
early weeks of life.
10.IMA lies btw renal and aortic bifurcation is usually sacrificed during
aneurysmal correction of AAA. *Celiac btw t12 & L1, SMA at L1, renal L1, IMA
L3, aortic bifurcation at L4.
11.Sublavian artery lies posterior to Ant scalene muscle and anterior to first rib.
12.Thrombosis of Av nodal branch-PDA as in Inferior MI(from RCA in right
dominant) or lateral wall MI (from LCA in left dominant) will cause heart block
and bradycardia.
13.Brunner glands are present in submucosa of duodenum and secrete alkaline
mucous and will be hypertrophied in cases of duodenal ulcers.
14.In Acute Cholecystitis, pain is only initially colicky, later its becomes constant.
15.Retrocecal Appendicitis can irriate and inflame the iliopsoas muscle leading to
pain on thigh extension or-positive psoas sign, iliopsoas is normally a
thigh/hip flexor.
16.Congenital Pyloric Stenosis-olive like massin abdomen, non bilious vomiting,
Hypochloremic-Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis.
17.Ulcer eroding in lesser curvature-left gastric artery, erosion in posterior
duodenal wall-gastroduodenal artery.
18.Ulcer perforation-free air under diaphragm, pain referred to shoulder via
phrenic nerve.
19.MC site for diverticulosis- sigmoid colon- hematochezia, left side,
Angiodysplasia cause of hematochezia on right side.
20.Most painful area in appendicitis- Mcburneys point.(Pain starts in
periumbilical area and then shifts to lower right quadrant due to peritoneal
iritation).
21.Hepatic Stellate cells or Ito cells have Vitamin A stored in their sytoplasm,
they also secrete collagen and are responsible for fibrosis in cirrhotic liver.
22.Paneth Cells in intestine secrete defensins which are antibacterial. Peyers
patches are lymphoid structures which release B lymphocytes that travel to

lamina propria and secrete IgA which travels to the mucosa via transcytosis
after getting a secretory component.
23.Non reducable hernia-direct inguinal hernia medial to inf epigastric artery.
Due to weak wall.
24.Indirect inguinal hernia-reducible-lateral to inf epigasyric artery, due to
patent processus vaginalis.
25.

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