Core 1: Better health for Individuals
UNIT 3: What strategies help to
promote the health of individuals?
What is health promotion
Health promotion is the process that enables people to improve or have
greater control over their health. The aim of health promotion is to help an
individual or group reach a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing. It involves an individual or group being able to:
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
_______________________
___________
Health promotion encompasses a range of activities
Responsibility for Health Promotion
1
Individuals
Community Groups/Schools
Non-Government Organisations
Government - All levels of governmentlocal, state and federalhave a key
role to play in health promotion.
Local
State
Federal
vInternational Organisations
2
WEB ACTIVITY
Investigate the activities of UNICEF, UN, and WHO
RESEARCH AND REVIEW
3
Choose one of the following health issues:
physical activity
nutrition
drug and alcohol use
emotional and mental health
sexual health
hepatitis B and C,HIV/AIDS and other infections
immunisation for hepatitis B, rubella, tetanus, polio and influenza.
Describe the various health promotion roles and responsibilities adopted by individuals,
groups and governments in relation to the selected issue.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
4
Health promotion approaches and strategies
Health promotion is aimed at improving the health of an individual or
community or changing behaviour that may have a negative influence on
health.
The Framework for Health Promotion
Lifestyle/Behavioural Approaches
Lifestyle/behavioural approaches are concerned with individuals or
groups whose behavioural or social situations place them at greater
risk of developing unhealthy lifestyles.
Individual Lifestyle Approaches
Socio-Cultural Approaches
Harm Minimisation Approaches
Zero Tolerance Approach
HARM MINIMISATION
V ZERO TOLERANCE
APPROACHES
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Using the diagram above, identify harm-minimisation strategies using similar
categories for another health problem
Preventative Medical Approaches
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Public Health Approaches
Public health approaches aim to provide the maximum benefit for the largest
number of people. They are concerned with preventing disease or injury from
occurring or reoccurring, promoting health, and returning health to
populations and communities following natural or man-made disasters.
Settings for health promotion to reach a large number of people include
schools, hospitals and workplaces. This allows for health promotion strategies
to target specific target groups.
Health Promoting Schools
Health Promoting Workplaces
Health Promotion Strategies
Types of strategies
Enabling
Creating environments that are supportive of health
Advocating to create the essential conditions for health
Health Education
Social Marketing
egs
Deciding on a strategy
RESEARCH AND REVIEW
Choose a marketing campaign that has been used to promote positive health behaviour.
egs. Violence against women
BreastScreen Australia Program
National Mental Health Strategy
National Alcohol Campaign
Your rights at work
10
The Ottawa Charter as an effective health promotion framework
Action Areas of the Ottawa Charter
develop personal skills
create supportive environments
strengthening community action
reorienting health services
build healthy public policy
11
Developing Personal Skills
Health promotion supports personal and social development
through providing information education for health and
enhancing life skills. By so doing, it increases the options
available to people to exercise more control over their
environment, and to make choices conducive to health.
Creating Supportive Environments
The overall guiding principle for the world, nations, regions and
communities alike, is the need to encourage reciprocal
maintenanceto take care of each other, our communities and
our natural environment. The conservation of natural resources
throughout the world should be emphasised as a global
responsibility.
Strengthening Community Action
Health promotion works through concrete and effective
community action in setting priorities, making decisions, planning
strategies and implementing them to achieve better health. At
the heart of this process is the empowerment of communities
their ownership and control of their own endeavours and
destinies.
12
Reorienting Health Services
The responsibility for health promotion in health services is
shared
among
individuals,
community
groups,
health
professionals, health service institutions and governments. They
must work together towards a health care system which
contributes to the pursuit of health. The role of the health sector
must move increasingly in a health promotion direction, beyond
its responsibility for providing clinical and curative services.
Building Healthy Public Policy
Health promotion policy combines diverse but complementary approaches
including legislation, fiscal measures [emphasis added], taxation and
organizational change. It is coordinated action that leads to health, income
and social policies that foster greater equity. Joint action contributes to
ensuring safer and healthier goods and services, healthier public services,
and cleaner, more enjoyable envonments.
13
Principles of Social Justice
If all people are to reach their optimum health, equal opportunity is essential.
Equal opportunity requires interventions to reduce disadvantage and ensure
that peoples life chances are more equal. Equality does not mean giving
everyone the same thing but giving each group what they need to achieve
optimum health.
Equity
Diversity
Supportive Environments
14
Social Justice for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Peoples
15
CRITICAL INQUIRY
A countrys anthem is a patriotic musical composition that praises the history,
traditions, achievements and struggles of its people. The Australian national
anthem, Advance Australia Fair, is reproduced below.
Australians all let us rejoice
For we are young and free
Weve golden soil and wealth for toil,
Our home is girt by sea:
Our land abounds in natures gifts
Of beauty rich and rare,
In historys page let every stage
Advance Australia fair,
In joyful strains then let us sing
Advance Australia fair.
Beneath our radiant Southern Cross,
Well toil with hearts and hands,
To make this Commonwealth of ours
Renowned of all the lands,
For those whove come across the seas
Weve boundless plains to share,
With courage let us all combine
To advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia fair.
1. Discuss the words, images and feelings conveyed in Australias national
anthem.
2. Analyse the theme being presented
16
3. Evaluate how the principles of social justice are demonstrated in the
anthem
17
