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Nurse's Role in Diagnostic Testing

This document discusses diagnostic tests (DT) and the nurse's role in facilitating them. It defines DT as laboratory or radiological procedures used to diagnose or monitor diseases. It outlines the nurse's responsibilities in preparing clients for DT, ensuring proper collection and handling of specimens, and monitoring clients during and after procedures. The document also categorizes common DT as invasive or noninvasive and describes various laboratory tests, imaging studies, and other specialized procedures that nurses may assist with. Overall, the summary emphasizes the importance of DT in guiding treatment while also stressing the nurse's critical part in ensuring clients receive safe and reliable care.

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424 views40 pages

Nurse's Role in Diagnostic Testing

This document discusses diagnostic tests (DT) and the nurse's role in facilitating them. It defines DT as laboratory or radiological procedures used to diagnose or monitor diseases. It outlines the nurse's responsibilities in preparing clients for DT, ensuring proper collection and handling of specimens, and monitoring clients during and after procedures. The document also categorizes common DT as invasive or noninvasive and describes various laboratory tests, imaging studies, and other specialized procedures that nurses may assist with. Overall, the summary emphasizes the importance of DT in guiding treatment while also stressing the nurse's critical part in ensuring clients receive safe and reliable care.

Uploaded by

LimYi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Objectives: Outlines the primary objectives of the diagnostic tests including definition, reasoning, and roles.
  • Types of Diagnostic Test: Describes the differences between noninvasive and invasive diagnostic tests.
  • Diagnostic Test: Explains the purpose of diagnostic tests and the scientific methods involved.
  • Rational for Lab Tests: Discusses the various reasons for conducting laboratory tests and their implications for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Reliability Lab Test: Focuses on the standards and reliability measures necessary for accurate lab tests.
  • The Role of a Nurse: DT: Highlights the responsibilities of nurses during diagnostic tests.
  • Preparation of Client for DT: Details the necessary preparations for a client before undergoing diagnostic tests.
  • Before Diagnostic Test: Lists preparations needed before conducting diagnostic tests to ensure safety and accuracy.
  • During Diagnostic Test: Explains the critical practices and observations to be maintained during the diagnostic tests.
  • After Diagnostic tests: Describes necessary follow-up actions and monitoring required after tests.
  • Types of Specimen: Illustrates various types of specimens collected for testing.
  • Additional Specimens: Details additional types of specimens like central lines and implanted ports.
  • Culture and Sensitivity (C&S): Describes how culture and sensitivity tests are used to identify pathogens and test antibiotic susceptibilities.
  • Specimens for C&S: Lists the types of specimens used for culture and sensitivity testing.
  • Blood Chemistry: Brief overview of blood chemistry tests for assessing metabolic functions.
  • Specimen Containers: Explains the color coding and types of specimen containers used in diagnostic tests.
  • Group and Crossmatch: Describes procedures to determine blood compatibility for transfusions.
  • Types of Urine tests: Explains the different tests conducted on urine samples to assess metabolic and renal health.
  • Stool Specimens: Describes stool tests and the health conditions they assess.
  • Radiography: Explains the uses and processes of diagnostic radiography including chest x-rays.
  • Ultrasound: Outlines the use of ultrasound in diagnosing internal conditions using sound waves.
  • Barium Studies: Illustrates how barium studies are conducted to observe digestive tract structures.
  • Angiography: Describes angiography for visualizing vascular structures using a contrast medium.
  • Arteriography: Covers arteriography as a method for examining the vascular system with radiopaque dye.
  • Mammography: Discusses the use of x-rays in examining breast tissue in mammography.
  • Computed Tomography: Details CT scans and how they create detailed body images using x-ray technology.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Describes how MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce bodily images.
  • Fluoroscopy: Explains fluoroscopy for obtaining real-time images of body functions.
  • Endoscopy: Provides an overview of endoscopic procedures for examining internal body structures.
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG): Introduces EEG for recording the electrical activity of the brain.

GTJ 205/4 NURSING FOUNDATION 111

Therapeutic Interventions
Nursing Year 2
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

Jayah K. Pubalan
Nursing Program
School of Health Sciences,
Health Campus, USM KK

Objectives
Define diagnostic test (DT)
Explain the reasons for DT
Explain the role of a nurse for DT
Identify types of invasive and noninvasive DT
Discuss nurses responsibilities for DT
Identify types of specimens from DT
Explain types of forms and specimen containers
for each DT
Appreciate the importance of proper and safe
DT for the client.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Various types of laboratory tests or
radiological procedures performed to
exclude certain diseases.

Is a science professionally conducted with


vigorous statistical analysis and quality
controls

Types of Diagnostic Test


Noninvasive
The body is not entered with any type of
instrument.

Invasive
The bodys tissues, organs, or cavities are
accessed through some type of procedure
making use of instruments.

Rational for Lab tests


To detect and quantify the risk of future
disease.
To establish or exclude diagnoses.
To assess the severity of the disease
process and formulate a prognosis.
To guide the selection of interventions.
To monitor the progress of the disorder.
To monitor the effectiveness of the
treatment.

Reliability Lab Test


Standards:
The practitioners order must be transcribed
onto the correct requisition form.
All information must be written on form.
Pertinent data that could influence the tests
results must be included.
Collection of the specimen from the correct
client must be confirmed by checking the
identification band.
Laboratory results must be placed in the
correct medical record.

The Role of a Nurse: DT


o
o
o
o

To facilitate the scheduling of tests.


To perform client teaching.
To perform or assist with procedures.
To assess clients for adverse responses to
procedures.

Preparation of Client for DT

Inform, explain / written consent


Assist - forms, appointments
Specimen before pretest
Identify status NPO = IVD
Laxatives /cathartics
Identify allergy
Vital signs
Health teaching

Before Diagnostic test


Treatment room.
Gathering and charging for supplies to be
used during the procedure.
Testing the equipment to ensure it is
functional and safe.
Securing proper containers for specimen
collection.

During Diagnostic test

Maintain aseptic technique


History of allergy
Proper position
Monitor vital signs
Label specimen and dispatch on time
Report abnormalities
Assist client to ward

After Diagnostic tests


Check for orders after procedure
Position
Monitor for respiratory or bleeding
problems
Monitor urine output (IO) 24 H
Report abnormalities
Trace results
Inform doctors

Types of Specimen
Venipuncture.

Arterial puncture.

Capillary puncture.

Types of Specimen
Central Lines: a venous catheter inserted
into the superior vena cava through the
subclavian or int.or ext.jugular vein.
Implanted port: a port that has been
implanted under the skin.
Urine collection.
Stool collection
Spinal tap

Cultur and Sensitivity (C&S)


Culture refers to the growing of
microorganisms to identify the pathogen.
Sensitivity tests are performed to identify
both the nature of the invading organism
and its susceptibility to commonly used
antibiotics.

Specimens for C&S

Blood Culture.
Throat (Swab) Culture.
Sputum Culture.
Urine Culture.
Stool Culture.
Cerebral spinal fluids Culture

Blood Chemistry
1. Blood Glucose.
2. Serum Electrolytes.
3. Blood Enzymes.
4. Blood Lipids.

Specimen containers
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Universally color coded


Red - no additive
Lavender - EDTA
Light Blue - sodium citrate
Green - sodium heparin
Gray - potassium oxalate
Black - sodium oxalate

Group and Crossmatch


Identifies the clients blood type and
determines the compatibility to blood
between a potential donor and recipient
(client).

Types of Urine tests

Urine pH.
Specific Gravity.
Urine Glucose.
Urine Ketones.
Urine Cells and Casts.
Urine Culture/Sensitivity

Stool specimens
Urobilinogen
Glucose intolerance test
Occult blood (blood in the stool detected
only with a microscope or by chemical
means)
Rotavirus
Parasites
C/S

Radiography
The study of film exposed to x-rays or
gamma rays through the action of
ionizing radiation.
Used by the practitioner to study internal
organ structure.
Chest X-Ray - Noninvasive,
non-contrasted

Ultrasound
A noninvasive procedure that uses highfrequency sound waves to visualize deep
body structures.
Also called echogram or sonogram.

Barium Studies

The use of barium, a chalky white contrast medium, in a


preparation that permits roentgengraphic visualizations of the
internal structures of the digestive tract.

Angiography
Visualization of the vascular structures
through the use of fluoroscopy in
conjunction with a contrast medium.

Arteriography
The radiographic study of the vascular
system following injection of a radiopaque
dye through a catheter.

Mammography
An X-ray test that produces an image of the
inner breast tissue on film.

Computed Tomography
The radiological scanning of the body.
X-ray beams and radiation detectors
transmit data to a computer that
transcribes the data into quantitative
measurement and multidimensional
images of the internal structures.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The MRI use of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to make
continuous cross-sectional images of the body.

Fluoroscopy
Immediate, serial images of the bodys
structure and function.
Reveals the motion of organs.

Endoscopy
The visualization of a body organ or cavity
through a scope.

Electroencephologram (EEG)
The graphic recording of the brains
electrical activity.

Lumbar Puncture
The aspiration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
from the subarachnoid space.
Also called spinal tap.

Aspiration
A procedure that is performed to withdraw
fluid that has abnormally collected or to
obtain a specimen.

Biopsy
The excision of a small amount of tissue,
obtained during aspiration or in
conjunction with other diagnostic tests.

Amniocentesis
The withdrawal of amniotic fluid to obtain a
sample for examination.

Indicated when client is:


Over 35.
Has had a spontaneous abortion with a
previous pregnancy.
Has a family history of genetic, chromosomal,
or neural tube defects.

Paracentesis
The aspiration of fluid from the abdominal
cavity.

Thoracentesis
The aspiration of fluid from the pleural
cavity.

Papanicolaou Test
A smear method of examining stained
exfoliative cells, commonly called a Pap
smear.

Electrocardiogram
A graphic recording of the hearts electrical
activity.

Summary

DT helps treatment and recovery


Nurses role IMPORTANT
KNOWLEDGE NORMAL VALUES
Holistic care of client
Lifes not just living, its living in health
- Guterman (1960)

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