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Solution To Problem Set #2: Elsewhere X X X H X X N

1) This document provides the solution to Problem Set #2 from the ME235A Finite Element Analysis course. It involves calculating the stiffness matrix and force vector for a 1D finite element problem with 5 nodes. 2) The stiffness matrix K is a 4x4 symmetric matrix calculated by integrating the shape functions over the domain. The force vector F is also calculated by integrating the shape functions. 3) The displacement vector d is solved using d = K^-1F and compared to the exact solution, showing good agreement with the nodes. Convergence of the derivative as the mesh is refined is also examined.

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940 views3 pages

Solution To Problem Set #2: Elsewhere X X X H X X N

1) This document provides the solution to Problem Set #2 from the ME235A Finite Element Analysis course. It involves calculating the stiffness matrix and force vector for a 1D finite element problem with 5 nodes. 2) The stiffness matrix K is a 4x4 symmetric matrix calculated by integrating the shape functions over the domain. The force vector F is also calculated by integrating the shape functions. 3) The displacement vector d is solved using d = K^-1F and compared to the exact solution, showing good agreement with the nodes. Convergence of the derivative as the mesh is refined is also examined.

Uploaded by

Rajesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ME235A Finite Element Analysis

Fall, 2001
Solution to Problem Set #2
Oct. 17 2001
Exercise 1 on page 36 (The problem is not restated.)
1

node numbers

0.25

0.5

0.75

coordinates

h = 0.25 for all nodes


a. The shape functions are:
( x x) h x1 x x 2
N1 = 2
0
elsewhere

( x x A1 ) h x A1 x x A

N A = ( x A+1 x) h x A x x A+1

0
elsewhere

( x x 4 ) h
N5 =
0

(2 A 4)

x 4 x x5
elsewhere

The stiffness matrix K is a 4 4 symmetric matrix, whose elements are given as:
1

K AB = a ( N A , N B ) = N A, x N B , x dx
0

So that
x2

K 11 = ( 1 h) 2 dx = 1 h = 4
x1

x2

K 12 = ( 1 h)(1 h)dx = 4
x1

x3

x2

K 22 = (1 h) dx + ( 1 h) 2 dx = 2 h = 8
2

x1

etc.
The stiffness matrix is

x2

ME235A Finite Element Analysis


Fall, 2001
0
4 4 0
4 8 4 0

K =
0 4 8 4

0 4 8
0
The force vector F is 4 1 with elements given as:
F A = ( N A , f ) + N A (0)h a ( N A , N 5 ) g = q ( N A , x)
So that,
x2

F1 = q h ( x 2 x) xdx = q 96
x1

x3
x2

F2 = q h ( x x1 ) xdx + ( x 3 x) xdx = q 16
x

x2
1

x3
x4

F3 = q h ( x x 2 ) xdx + ( x 4 x) xdx = q 8
x

x3
2

x5
x4

F4 = q h ( x x 3 ) xdx + ( x 5 x) xdx = 3q 16
x

x4
3

The force vector is

1 96
1 16

F =q

1 8
3 16
Now, solving the matrix equation Kd = F for d, we have
16
0.1667
21 128
0.1641

d = q
q
=

7 48
0.1458
37 384
0.0964
The exact solution is
u ( x) = q(1 x 3 ) 6
Check that u (xA) = dA.
b. The derivative of uh in each element ]xA, xA+1[ is constant and given by:

ME235A Finite Element Analysis


Fall, 2001
u h ( x A+1 ) u h ( x A ) u ( x A+1 ) u ( x A )
u ( x) =
=
,
h
h
qx 2
u , x ( x) =
2
h
,x

element 1: re, x =

| u ,hx (1 8) u , x (1 8) |

q/2
same for elements 2, 3 and 4

x ]x A , x A+1 [

1
192

c. For h = 1 (n = 1),
q
u ,hx ( x) =
6
h
| u , x u , x (1 2) | 1
=
re, x =
q 2
12

For h = 1/2 (n = 2) (consider element 1 only),


q
u ,hx =
24
| u ,hx u , x (1 4) | 1
=
re, x =
q 2
48

ln re

,x

-2

-4

-6
-2

d.

ln h

re, x = ch k

ln re, x = k ln h + ln c
(i) The slope of the curve is k, and is the order of convergence (accuracy). This
indicates the rate of convergence of the derivative as the mesh is refined.
(ii) The y intercept is log c, and indicates the relative error when h = 1, i.e., when the
entire bar is treated as one element. This is the largest error in the derivative.

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