Expansion loop calculation

Index
1 Expansion loop (CS)

Routine for the expansion loop calcu

2 Deduction

Deduction of the expansion loop equ

3 Table A-1.

Allowable stress for the material as fu

4 Lambda.

Coefficient of linear expansion of som

5 Elasticity module

Elasticity modules of materials at diff

6 Spiraxsarco.

Spiraxsarco Chart for expansion loo

7 Vitaulic.

Vitaulic equation for expansion loops

8 Properties

Phisical properties of some materials

References

Rev. cjc. 17.05.2016

tine for the expansion loop calculation for a CS pipe

uction of the expansion loop equation

wable stress for the material as functiuon of temperature

fficient of linear expansion of some of the most common materials.

ticity modules of materials at different temperatures

raxsarco Chart for expansion loops sizing

ulic equation for expansion loops sizing

ical properties of some materials

www.piping-tools.net
Expansion_loop.xlsm
[email protected]

piping-tools.net

nsion_loop.xlsm

[email protected]

Expansion loop for a steel pipe

Steel pipe expansion loop with nominal diameter "dn" shedule "SCH" and length "Linst"
The given length "Linst" refers to an installation at a temperature "tinst".
The pipe will expand with respect to its length "Linst", due to the temperature rise t = tmax - tinst
The maximum temperature could be reached due to the ambient temperature and solar radiation,
or due to fluid flowing through it.
Similarly, the pipe could shrink due to low ambient temperatures and radiation to the sky.

Data
Material:
dn =

A 53 - Gr. B

10
40

in

SCH =
Linst =

Elasticity module

100

at operation temperature

tinst =

10

Material type, to obtain "E"

toperation =

174.2

Elasticity module of selected material

Carbon steel C <= 0.3%

E=

1.93E+11 Pa

Allowable stress
Allowable stress of selected material

Auxiliary data

at operation temperature

Pipe dimensions (Note 1)

allow =

Temperature differential
t =
toperation =

dn =

10

in

tinst =

40

t =

Expansion coefficient of selected

SCH =
di =

material at operation temperature

di =

137.9

MPa

Linear expansion coefficient

Mat. type

Carbon Steel

1.29E-05

Pipe_Imp_CS_Dint_dn_sch

#VALUE!

de =
m/(m*K)

mm

Pipe_Imp_CS_Dext_dn

de =

#VALUE!

mm

Annexes A, B y C
Anexo A
Interpolacin para el esfuerzo admisible del material
t=
Row =

174.2
3

Col_A =

tA =

tB =

Col_B =
S=
S=

(Tabla A-1, Hoja 3)

C
(Para t < 38 C, la tabla utiliza 38 C)
(Selected material from table A-1)
148.9
204.4

sA =

137.9

sB =

137.9

sB + (sA - sB) * (tb - t)/(tb - ta)

137.9

MPa

Anexo B
Interpolacin para el mdulo de elasticidad del tipo de material

(Tabla B, Hoja 5)

Para t < -200 C, se usan datos para -200 C

t=
Row =

174.2
1

Col_A =

tA =

tB =

Col_B =
E=
E=

C
Informacin disponible, para la mayora de los tipos de materiales, tmax = 649 C.
(Selected material)
149.0
204.0

EA =

EB =

1.9E+11

MPa

t=
Row =

38
1

Col_A =

43

tA =

44

tB =

l=
l=

1.9E+11

EB + (EA - EB) * (tb - t)/(tb - ta)

1

Anexo C
Interpolacin para el coeficiente de expansin trmica del material

Col_B =

2.0E+11

C
(Para t < 38 C, la tabla utiliza 38 C)
(Selected material)
33.9
47.8

sB + (sA - sB) * (tb - t)/(tb - ta)

1.3E-05

Do not delete these lines

Carbon steel pipes
Carbon steel pipes
dn
Sch
in
1/ 2
5
1
10
1
20
2
30
2
40
3
60
4
80
5
100
6
120
8
140
10
160
12
STD
14
XS
16
XXS
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32

(Tabla C, Hoja 4)

m/(m*K)

lA =

1.3E-05

lB =

1.3E-05

34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48

Rev. cjc. 16.05.2016

Heigth "H" o

H =0 . 378

Temperature differential
toperation - tinst
174.2

10

164.2

3Edf

tot

adm

Pipe expansion L

Carbon steel expansion loop

The expansion loop will absorb this

Heigth "H" of expansion loop

length
L =

H = 0.378*( (3 * E * de * L) / (allow) )^0.5

* Linst * Dt

=
Linst =

1.29E-05
100

m/(m*K)

E=
de =

1.93E+11 Pa
#VALUE!

0.211

t =

164.2

L =
allow =

L =

0.21

H=

#VALUE!

L =

211.27

mm

W=

#VALUE!

1.38E+08 Pa

Expansion loop dimensions ratio

H/w=
2

It is assumed that the point A coresponds

to the fxed end of a cantilever beam AC.

At the point C of this beam a deflection f = L/2

is produced, due to force P. This force P is

MPa
MPa

caused by the temperature change acting on

the pipe.
The beam AB deforms due to the application
of the moment P*H at his end A.
As a result of the application of this moment
a rotation occurs at end of the beam.

materiales, tmax = 649 C.

MPa
MPa

m/(m*K)
m/(m*K)

Rev. cjc. 16.05.2016

Note 1. The pipe dimensions are automatically calculated only
for carbon steel materials ccording ANSI B36.10M.
For other materials, the interior and exterior diameter
dimensions must be entered manually into the corresponding cells

E=
allow =

1.93E+11 Pa
1.38E+08 Pa

www.piping-tools.net
Expansion_loop.xlsm

P
D
C

Lira
x

Expansion joint calculation considering the arms bending and the rotation of the elbows

The calculation of the heigth "H" of the arms is done considering the requirement of a maximum allowable bending stre

Expansion joint

L
The temperature rise produces an extension of the pipe length.
Dilation of the pipe produces a deflection "L / 2"
in the point "C" of the left arm "AC". The same occurs in the
arm BD.
The expansion joint shall absorb the total dilation L
without surpassing the given maximum material stress.
Each half of the expansion joint shall permit a displacement
f = L / 2. This shift f will be produced by the contribution of:
1) Flexion of arm AC, denoted as f1
b) Displacement of point C due to the rotation of the elbow in A, denoted as f2

A deflection "f2", due to rotation of the

Cantilever beam with concentrated load

elbow of the expansion joint in point "A"

is added to arrow "f1" due to bending
H
A

f = f1 + f2

The total deflection is

C

f1

P
D
C

C
f

Figure 1
Deflextion. [7]. Table 13
Cantilever beam, concentrated load
at free end

PH3
f1
3 E I

of arm.

Lira

(1)
A

PH3
f1
3 E I

A
y

Force "P" associated with the deflextion

3 E I f1
P
H3

The slope is

Slope at the elbow B (in x = w)

dy
dx

xw

PH
w w / 2
EI

xw

PH w/2
EI

Defining a ratio Higth to Width

H/w =
2
w=
H/2

dy
dx

x w

dy
dx

xw

Figura 2
(2)
The beam AB deforms due to the
moments applied at both ends

Thus,

dy P H

x w / 2
dx
EI
dy
dx

PH H /4
EI

tan

PH2
4E I

The tangent of the angle due to the

rotation of the elbow is

tan( )

f2
H

thus

f2
PH2

H
4E I
PH3
f2
4 E I

PH2

4E I

Maximum stress in beam AC

Reaplacing o f1

(4)

(This is also the moment being applied

to beam AB)

max

M max
I /c

f
(5)

(1)4f

1=

max

3 E 4
d
f
2
H
7
2

with c = d/2

d
max= M max
I2

(6)

from (3)

max

6 E f d

7
H2

One obtains

M = PH

(3)

H2

and replacing P from (2)

3 E I f1
H3
d
I 2
3 E I f1
d

H
3
H
I 2
3 E f1 d

H2
2

6 E f d
7 max

6 E f d
7 max

max P H
max
max

Valid for one half expansion joint

(7)

Rev. cjc. 17.05.2016

1 de 4

mum allowable bending stress "s allow"

f
D

2 de 4

Differential equation for the beam AB

(Figura 2)

EI

d2y
M
dx 2

EI

c P H w / 2
(3)

d dy
dx
dx

dy
PH x PH w/2
dx

EI

Integrating

EI dx

Replacing in (4)

EI

d2y
PH
dx 2

P H dx

(midelpoint)
0

thus

with

M PH

For x = w/2
dy/dx =

dy
P H x w / 2
dx

d dy
dx
dx

EI dx
EI

P H dx

dy
PH x c
dx

(4)

dy P H x c

dx
EI

3 de 4

From equation (1), the deflextion of

point C due to the flexin of arm AC
is
f1

P L3
3 E I

Relations f/f1 y f/f2

(1)

and the deflextion of point C due to

the rotation of the elbow in A es

f2

PH3
4E I

The total delextion in C is

f f1 f 2
P L3
P L3

3 E I 4 E I
P L3 4
P L3 3
f

3 E I 4 4 E I 3
4 P L3
3 P L3
f

12 E I 12 E I
7 P L3
f
12 E I
f

7 P L3
12 E I
4 P L3
f1
12 E I
3 P L3
f2
12 E I
4 P L3
f1
4
12 E I3
7PL
f
7
12 E I
4
f1 f
7
3 P L3
f2
3
12 E I3
7PL
f
7
12 E I
3
f2 f
7
f

(4)

4 de 4

For the complete expansion joint

H 0.378

3 E f tot d
max

H 0.378

f tot 2 f

f =

tot

f tot
d
2
7 max

6 E

3 E f tot d
7 max
1

3 E f tot d
max

3 E f tot d
max

This is the length H of the expansion

joint that, for the given conditions,
will have as a result the maximum
permissible "max".
See Sheet Victaulic. Victaulic
indicates the same equation, with
the difference that the factor 0.378
is rounded to 0.4 (Sheet 7).

H 0.655

E f tot d
max

Allowable stress as function of temperature [MPa]

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

1
Spec & Grade
1
A 53(Type F) Gr.A
A 53 - Gr. A
A 53 - Gr. B
A 106 - Gr. A
A106 - Gr. B
A106 - Gr. C
API 5L - Gr. A
API 5L - Gr. A25
API 5L - Gr. B
API 5L - Gr. X42
API 5L - Gr. X46
API 5L - Gr. X52
API 5L - Gr. X56
API 5L - Gr. X60
API 5L - Gr. X65
API 5L - Gr. X70
API 5L - Gr. X80
A312 - Gr. TP 304
A312 - Gr. TP 304L
A312 - Gr. TP 304H
A312 - Gr. TP 309
A312 - Gr. TP 310
A312 - Gr. TP 316
A312 - Gr. TP 316L
A312 - Gr. TP 316H
A312 - Gr. TP 317
A312 - Gr. TP 317L
1

2
Materia
2

3
38
3
110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
160.6
110.3
103.4
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
3

4
93
4
110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
160.6
110.3
103.4
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
4

5
149
5
110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
160.6
110.3
100.0
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
5

6
204
6
110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
157.9
110.3
95.1
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
128.9
108.9
128.9
137.9
137.9
133.1
106.9
133.1
133.1
130.3
6

7
260
7
"N/A"
110.3
130.3
110.3
130.3
148.9
"NA"
"NA"
130.3
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
120.7
102.0
120.7
137.9
137.9
123.4
99.3
123.4
123.4
122.0
7

8
316
8
"N/A"
102.0
119.3
102.0
119.3
135.8
"NA"
"NA"
119.3
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
113.1
96.5
113.1
132.4
132.4
117.2
93.1
117.2
117.2
115.8
8

9
343
9
"N/A"
100.0
117.2
100.0
117.2
133.8
"NA"
"NA"
117.2
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
111.7
94.5
111.7
129.6
129.6
115.1
91.0
115.1
115.1
114.5
9

10
371
10
"N/A"
99.3
113.8
99.3
113.8
132.4
"NA"
"NA"
113.8
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
110.3
93.1
110.3
126.2
126.2
112.4
88.9
112.4
112.4
111.7
10

11
399
11
"N/A"
73.8
89.6
73.8
89.6
102.0
"NA"
"NA"
89.6
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
107.6
91.7
107.6
124.1
124.1
111.0
86.9
111.0
111.0
108.9
11

12
427
12
"N/A"
64.1
74.5
64.1
74.5
82.7
"NA"
"NA"
74.5
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
104.8
89.6
104.8
120.7
120.7
109.6
85.5
109.6
109.6
106.9
12

13
454
13
"N/A"
54.5
60.0
54.5
60.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
60.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
102.7
88.3
102.7
100.7
100.7
108.2
83.4
108.2
108.2
104.8
13

TEMPERATURE C
14
15
482
510
14
15
"N/A"
"N/A"
44.8
31.0
44.8
31.0
44.8
31.0
44.8
31.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
44.8
31.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
100.7
99.3
82.0
68.3
100.7
99.3
95.8
86.2
95.8
86.2
106.9
106.2
81.4
79.3
106.9
106.2
106.9
106.2
"N/A"
"N/A"
14
15

16
538
16
"N/A"
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
17.2
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
95.1
53.8
95.1
72.4
75.8
105.5
77.2
105.5
105.5
"N/A"
16
t=
S=

17
566
17
"N/A"
11.0
"NA"
11.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
11.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
84.1
43.4
84.1
58.6
49.0
100.0
74.5
100.0
100.0
"N/A"
17
593
66.9

18
593
18
"N/A"
6.9
"NA"
6.9
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
6.9
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
66.9
35.2
66.9
44.8
34.5
85.5
70.3
85.5
85.5
"N/A"
18

19
621
19
"N/A"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
53.1
27.6
53.1
34.5
24.8
67.6
60.7
67.6
67.6
"N/A"
19
621.0
53.1

20
649
20
"N/A"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
41.4
22.1
41.4
26.2
17.2
51.0
44.1
51.0
51.0
"N/A"
20

Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in tension for metals (Page 157 - 161) de ASME B31.3-2002
ASME B31.3-2002

Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in tension for metals (Page 157 - 161)

Allowable stress as function of temperature [MPa]

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

Spec
A 53
A 53
A 53
A 106
A106
A106
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312

Grade
Gr. A
A
B
A
B
C
A
A25
B
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
TP 304
TP 304L
TP 304H
TP 309
TP 310
TP 316
TP 316L
TP 316H
TP 317
TP 317L

TEMPERATURE C
38
93
149
110.3
110.3
110.3
110.3
110.3
110.3
137.9
137.9
137.9
110.3
110.3
110.3
137.9
137.9
137.9
160.6
160.6
160.6
110.3
110.3
110.3
103.4
103.4
100.0
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
144.8
144.8
144.8
151.7
151.7
151.7
163.4
163.4
163.4
172.4 1482.4 172.4
177.2
177.2
177.2
188.2
188.2
188.2
206.8
206.8
206.8
137.9
137.9
137.9
115.1
115.1
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
115.1
115.1
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9

204
110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
157.9
110.3
95.1
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
128.9
108.9
128.9
137.9
137.9
133.1
106.9
133.1
133.1
130.3

260

316

343

371

399

427

454

482

510

538

566

593

110.3
130.3
110.3
130.3
148.9

102.0
119.3
102.0
119.3
135.8

100.0
117.2
100.0
117.2
133.8

99.3
113.8
99.3
113.8
132.4

73.8
89.6
73.8
89.6
102.0

64.1
74.5
64.1
74.5
82.7

54.5
60.0
54.5
60.0

44.8
44.8
44.8
44.8

31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0

17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2

11.0

6.9

11.0

6.9

130.3

119.3

117.2

113.8

89.6

74.5

60.0

44.8

31.0

17.2

11.0

6.9

120.7
102.0
120.7
137.9
137.9
123.4
99.3
123.4
123.4
122.0

113.1
96.5
113.1
132.4
132.4
117.2
93.1
117.2
117.2
115.8

111.7
94.5
111.7
129.6
129.6
115.1
91.0
115.1
115.1
114.5

110.3
93.1
110.3
126.2
126.2
112.4
88.9
112.4
112.4
111.7

107.6
91.7
107.6
124.1
124.1
111.0
86.9
111.0
111.0
108.9

104.8
89.6
104.8
120.7
120.7
109.6
85.5
109.6
109.6
106.9

102.7
88.3
102.7
100.7
100.7
108.2
83.4
108.2
108.2
104.8

100.7
82.0
100.7
95.8
95.8
106.9
81.4
106.9
106.9

99.3
68.3
99.3
86.2
86.2
106.2
79.3
106.2
106.2

95.1
53.8
95.1
72.4
75.8
105.5
77.2
105.5
105.5

84.1
43.4
84.1
58.6
49.0
100.0
74.5
100.0
100.0

66.9
35.2
66.9
44.8
34.5
85.5
70.3
85.5
85.5

621

649

53.1
27.6
53.1
34.5
24.8
67.6
60.7
67.6
67.6

41.4
22.1
41.4
26.2
17.2
51.0
44.1
51.0
51.0

ASME B31.3-2006

Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in tension for metal Carbon steel pipes and tubes. Pag. 140- 144

Allowable stress as function of temperature [ksi]

1 ksi =

Material
Type F

Butt weld

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

6.895 MpaTEMPERATURE C
38
93
Temperature F
Spec Grade
100
200
A 53Gr. A, Type F 16
16
A 53
A
16
16
A 53
B
20
20
A 106
A
16
16
A106
B
20
20
A106
C
23.3
23.3
API 5L
A
16
16
API 5L A25
15
15
API 5L
B
20
20
API 5L X42
20
20
API 5L X46
21
21
API 5L X52
22
22
API 5L X56
23.7
23.7
API 5L X60
25
215
API 5L X65
25.7
25.7
API 5L X70
27.3
27.3
API 5L X80
30
30
A312 TP 304
20
20
A312 TP 304L 16.7
16.7
A312 TP 304H
20
20
A312 TP 309
20
20
A312 TP 310
20
20
A312 TP 316
20
20
A312 TP 316L 16.7
16.7
A312 TP 316H
20
20
A312 TP 317
20
20
A312 TP 317L
20
20

149

204

260

316

343

300
16
16
20
16
20
23.3
16
14.5
20
20
21
22
23.7
25
25.7
27.3
30
20
16.7
20
20
20
20
16.7
20
20
20

400
16
16
20
16
20
22.9
16
13.8
20
20
21
22
23.7
25
25.7
27.3
30
18.7
15.8
18.7
20
20
19.3
15.5
19.3
19.3
18.9

500

600

650

16
18.9
16
18.9
21.6
16

14.8
17.3
14.8
17.3
19.7
14.8

14.5
17
14.5
17
19.4
14.5

18.9

17.3

17.5
14.8
17.5
20
20
17.9
14.4
17.9
17.9
17.7

16.4
14
16.4
19.2
19.2
17
13.5
17
17
16.8

371

399

427

454

482

510

538

566

593

621

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

14.4
16.5
14.4
16.5
19.2
14.4

10.7
13
10.7
13
14.8
10.7

9.3
10.8
9.3
10.8
12
9.3

7.9
8.7
7.9
8.7

6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5

4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6

1
1
1
1

7.9

6.5

4.5

2.5

1.6

17

16.5

13

10.8

8.7

6.5

4.5

2.5

1.6

16.2
13.7
16.2
18.8
18.8
16.7
13.2
16.7
16.7
16.6

16
13.5
16
18.3
18.3
16.3
12.9
16.3
16.3
16.2

15.6
13.3
15.6
18
18
16.1
12.6
16.1
16.1
15.8

15.2
13
15.2
17.5
17.5
15.9
12.4
15.9
15.9
15.5

14.9
12.8
14.9
14.6
14.6
15.7
12.1
15.7
15.7
15.2

14.6
11.9
14.6
13.9
13.9
15.5
11.8
15.5
15.5

14.4
9.9
14.4
12.5
12.5
15.4
11.5
15.4
15.4

13.8
7.8
13.8
10.5
11
15.3
11.2
15.3
15.3

12.2
6.3
12.2
8.5
7.1
14.5
10.8
14.5
14.5

9.7
5.1
9.7
6.5
5
12.4
10.2
12.4
12.4

700

7.7
4
7.7
5
3.6
9.8
8.8
9.8
9.8

ASME B31.3-2002
Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in tension for metals (Page 157 - 161)
38

Material Spec
A 285 Gr A 134
A 285 Gr A 672

Grade

A45

to
100
15
15

Butt wel API 5L

smls
API 5L

A25
A25

15
15

Type F

A 53

Gr. A

16

A 53
A 106
A 135
A 369
API 5L

A
A
A
FPA
A

16
16
16
16
16

A 285 Gr A 134
A 285 Gr A 672
285 Gr. B A 134

A 50

16.7
16.7
18.3

CC60
C860
B60
C60

20
20
20
20

B
B
6
6
FPB
Y35
B

20
20
20
20
20
20
20

A
A
A
A

516
515
515
516

Gr
Gr
Gr
Gr

A
A
A
A

671
671
672
672

A 53
A106
A 333
A 334
A 369
A 381
API 5L

API
API
API
API

5L
5L
5L
5L

X42
X46
X52
X56

100
20
21
22
23.7

A
A
A
A

516
515
515
516

Gr
Gr
Gr
Gr

A
A
A
A

671
671
672
672

CC65
C865
B65
C65

100
21.7
21.7
21.7
21.7

A
A
A
A

516
515
515
516

GR A
GR A
GR A
GR A

671
671
672
672

CC70
CB70
B70
C70

100
23.1
23.1
23.1
23.1

A106

23.3

API
API
API
API

5L
5L
5L
5L

X60
X65
X70
X80

25
25.7
27.3
30

Table C
ASME B31.3

1
1
Material
1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

3Cr-Mo)
9Cr-Mo
18Cr-8Ni
27Cr
25Cr-20Ni
67Ni-30Cu
3.5Ni
Alloys
Aluminum
Iron
Bronze
Brass
70Cu-30Ni
Ni-Fe-Cr
Ni-Cr-Fe
Iron

2
-536
2
-

3
-522
3
-

1.1E-05
-

1.2E-05
-

4
-508
4
-

5
-494
5
-

6
-480
6
-

1.2E-05
-

1.3E-05
-

1.4E-05
-

7
-466
7
9.0E-06
8.4E-06
1.5E-05
7.7E-06
9.9E-06
8.5E-06
1.4E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-

8
-452
8
9.1E-06
8.5E-06
1.5E-05
7.8E-06
1.0E-05
8.8E-06
1.4E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-

9
-438
9
9.2E-06
8.6E-06
1.5E-05
7.8E-06
1.0E-05
9.0E-06
1.5E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-

10
-424
10
9.3E-06
8.7E-06
1.5E-05
7.9E-06
1.1E-05
9.2E-06
1.5E-05
1.9E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-

11
-411
11
9.4E-06
8.8E-06
1.5E-05
8.0E-06
1.1E-05
9.5E-06
1.5E-05
1.9E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-

12
-397
12
9.5E-06
9.0E-06
1.5E-05
8.1E-06
1.1E-05
9.8E-06
1.5E-05
1.9E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
8.4E-06

13
-383
13
9.7E-06
9.2E-06
1.5E-05
8.3E-06
1.2E-05
9.9E-06
1.5E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
8.6E-06

14
-369
14
9.9E-06
9.3E-06
1.5E-05
8.5E-06
1.2E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
8.8E-06

15
-355
15
1.0E-05
9.5E-06
1.5E-05
8.5E-06
1.2E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
8.9E-06

16
-341
16
1.0E-05
9.5E-06
1.5E-05
8.6E-06
1.2E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.2E-06

17
-327
17
1.0E-05
9.7E-06
1.6E-05
8.8E-06
1.2E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.4E-06

18
-313
18
1.1E-05
9.9E-06
1.6E-05
9.0E-06
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.6E-06

19
-299
19
1.1E-05
9.9E-06
1.5E-05
9.0E-06
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
2.1E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.8E-06

20
-286
20
1.1E-05
9.9E-06
1.5E-05
9.0E-06
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.9E-06

21
-272
21
1.1E-05
1.0E-05
1.5E-05
9.0E-06
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
7.7E-06

22
-258
22
1.1E-05
9.8E-06
1.6E-05
9.0E-06
1.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05

23
-247
23
1.1E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
9.4E-06
1.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.1E-05

24
-230
24
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05

25
-216
25
1.1E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
9.8E-06
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.0E-05
1.8E-05
1.7E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05

26
-202
26
1.1E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
9.9E-06
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.0E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05

27
-188
27
1.1E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
9.9E-06
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.0E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05

28
-174
28
1.1E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
9.9E-06
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.0E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05

29
-161
29
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.0E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05

30
-147
30
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05

31
-133
31
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05

32
-119
32
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05

33
-105
33
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05

34
-91
34
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05

35
-77
35
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05

Table C-1
Thermal expansion coefficient " " [m/(m*K)] for metals

36
-63
36
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05

37
-49
37
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05

38
-36
38
1.2E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05

39
-22
39
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05

Temperatura C
40
41
42
-8
6
20
40
41
42
1.3E-05
1.3E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.2E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.1E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.3E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
2.5E-05
2.5E-05
2.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.1E-05
1.1E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.4E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.2E-05
1.2E-05

43
34
43
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
2.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05

44
48
44
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.7E-05
2.6E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05

45
62
45
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05

46
76
46
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05

47
89
47
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05

48
103
48
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05

49
117
49
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05

50
131
50
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05

51
145
51
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05

52
159
52
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05

53
173
53
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05

54
187
54
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05

55
201
55
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05

56
214
56
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05

57
228
57
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05

58
242
58
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.7E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05

59
256
59
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.7E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05

60
270
60
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05

61
284
61
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
-

62
298
62
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
2.0E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
-

63
312
63
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
2.0E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
-

64
326
64
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
2.0E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
-

65
339
65
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
-

66
353
66
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
-

67
367
67
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
-

68
381
68
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
-

69
395
69
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.7E-05
-

70
409
70
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.7E-05
-

71
423
71
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.7E-05
-

72
437
72
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
-

73
451
73
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
-

74
464
74
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
-

75
478
75
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
-

76
492
76
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
-

77
506
77
1.9E-05
1.8E-05
-

78
520
78
1.9E-05
1.8E-05
-

79
534
79
1.9E-05
1.8E-05
-

80
548
80
1.9E-05
1.8E-05
-

Table B. Young Modulus

1
2
3
4
5

Metal
1
1
1
Carbon steel C <= 0.3%
Carbon steel C => 0.3%
Carbon-moly steels
Nickel steels Ni 2% - 9%
Cr-Mo steels Cr 1/2% - 2%

6
7

Cr-Mo steels Cr 2 1/4% - 3%

Cr-Mo steels Cr 5% - 9%

2.2E+11 2.2E+11 2.2E+11 2.1E+11

2.3E+11 2.2E+11 2.2E+11 2.1E+11

Chromium steels Cr 12%, 17%, 27%

2.2E+11 2.1E+11 2.1E+11 2.0E+11

Austenitic steels (TP304, 310, 316, 321, 347)

2.1E+11 2.0E+11 2.0E+11 2.0E+11

2
-200
2
2.2E+11
2.2E+11
2.1E+11
2.0E+11
2.2E+11

3
-129
3
2.1E+11
2.1E+11
2.1E+11
2.0E+11
2.1E+11

4
-73
4
2.1E+11
2.1E+11
2.1E+11
2.0E+11
2.1E+11

5
21
5
2.0E+11
2.0E+11
2.0E+11
1.9E+11
2.0E+11

Cast iro
Gray cast iron
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6.9E+09 Pa
Mpsi =

1.3E+01

Table B. Young Modulus of Elasticity E [Pa]

Temperature (oC)
6
7
8
9
10
93
149
204
260
316
7
9
6
8
10
2.0E+11 2.0E+11 1.9E+11 1.9E+11 1.8E+11
2.0E+11 1.9E+11 1.9E+11 1.9E+11 1.8E+11
2.0E+11 1.9E+11 1.9E+11 1.9E+11 1.8E+11
1.9E+11 1.8E+11 1.8E+11 1.8E+11 1.7E+11
2.0E+11 2.0E+11 1.9E+11 1.9E+11 1.9E+11

11
371
11
1.8E+11
1.7E+11
1.7E+11
1.7E+11
1.8E+11

12
427
12
1.7E+11
1.7E+11
1.6E+11
1.6E+11
1.8E+11

13
482
13
1.5E+11
1.5E+11
1.5E+11
"N/A"
1.7E+11

14
538
14
1.4E+11
1.4E+11
1.4E+11
"N/A"
1.6E+11

2.1E+11 2.0E+11 2.0E+11 2.0E+11 1.9E+11 1.9E+11 1.8E+11 1.8E+11 1.7E+11

2.1E+11 2.0E+11 2.0E+11 2.0E+11 1.9E+11 1.9E+11 1.8E+11 1.7E+11 1.6E+11
2.0E+11 1.9E+11 1.9E+11 1.8E+11 1.8E+11 1.8E+11 1.7E+11 1.6E+11 1.5E+11
1.9E+11 1.9E+11 1.8E+11 1.8E+11 1.7E+11 1.7E+11 1.7E+11 1.6E+11 1.6E+11
Cast iron
1.3E+01
1.3E+01

1.3E+01

1.2E+01

1.2E+01

1.1E+01

1.0E+01

15
16
593
649
15
16
1.2E+11
"N/A"
1.2E+11 1.1E+11
1.2E+11 1.1E+11
"N/A"
"N/A"
1.6E+11 1.5E+11
1.6E+11 1.6E+11
1.4E+11 1.3E+11
1.3E+11 1.1E+11
1.5E+11 1.5E+11

Metal

-200

-129

-73

Carbon steel C <= 0.3%

Carbon steel C => 0.3%
Carbon-moly steels
Nickel steels Ni 2% - 9%
Cr-Mo steels Cr 1/2% - 2%

31.4
31.2
31.1
29.6
31.6

30.8
30.6
30.5
29.1
31

30.2
30
29.9
28.5
30.4

Cr-Mo steels Cr 2 1/4% - 3%

Cr-Mo steels Cr 5% - 9%
Chromium steels Cr 12%, 17%,
27%
Austenitic steels (TP304, 310,
316, 321, 347)

32.6
32.9

32
32.3

31.4
31.7

31.2

30.7

30.1

30.3

29.7

29.1

Gray cast iron

Temperature (oC)
21

93

149

204

260

316

371

427

482

4
29.5
29.3
29.2
27.8
29.7

28.8
28.6
28.5
27.1
29

28.3
28.1
28
26.7
28.5

27.7
27.5
27.4
26.1
27.9

27.3
27.1
27
25.7
27.5

26.7
26.5
26.4
25.2
26.9

25.5
25.3
25.3
24.6
26.3

24.2
24
23.9
23
25.5

22.4
22.2
22.2

30.6
30.9

29.8
30.1

29.4
29.7

28.8
29

28.3
28.6

27.7
28

27.1
27.3

26.3
26.1

25.6
24.7

29.2

28.5

27.9

27.3

26.7

26.1

25.6

24.7

23.2

28.3

27.6

27

26.5

25.8

25.3

24.8

24.1

23.5

13.4

13.2

12.9

Cast iron
12.6

12.2

11.7

11

10.2

24.8

538

593

649
5

20.4
20.2
20.1

18
17.9
17.8

15.4
15.3

23.9

23

21.8

24.6
22.7

23.7
20.4

22.5
18.2

21.5

19.1

16.6

22.8

22.1

21.2

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ipe-expansion-and-support.asp

For expansion "L" (mm), and a

pipe nominal diameter "dn" (in),
Spiraxsarco graph provides an
expansionloop width "W" (m).

L =
mm
90
273
dn =
mm
Estimated value from Fig. 10.4
2.55
W=
m

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Vitaulic equation for an expansion loop

L 0.378

Vitaulic equation

H 0 .4
5W =
W=
H=
H=
H=

3 E d f tot

H=

L
L/5
2*W
2*L/5
0.4 * L

L 0.378

3 E d f tot

max

Equation deducted in sheet 2

E: Elasticity module of material

d: exterior pipe diameter
ftot: total pipe expansion
S: Allowable stress of material

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Temperature Expansion Coefficients for some common Piping Materials

Expansion coefficients for some common materials us

Expansion coefficients that can be used to calculate temperature expansion of pipes and tubes - are indicated in the table
Expansion Coefficients
Material

10-6 in/in
o
F

10-6 m/m
o
C

12.8

23.1

Carbon Steel

6.5

11.7

Cast Iron

5.9

10.6

Copper

9.3

16.8

Stainless Steel

9.9

17.8

ABS Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

35

63

HDPE High density polyethylene

67

120

PE Polyethylene

83

150

CPVC Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride

44

79

PVC Polyvinyl chloride

28

50.4

Aluminum

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Tensile Modulus
(Young's Modulus,
Modulus of
Elasticity)
Material

-E-

(10 psi)
6

Ultimate
Yield
Tensile
Strength
Strength
- Su -

- Sy -

(106
N/m2,
MPa)

(106
N/m2,
MPa)

(109
N/m2,
GPa)

Polyvinylchloride (PVC)

2.4 - 4.1

ABS plastics

1.4 - 3.1

40

Acetals

2.8

65

Acrylic

3.2

70

Aluminum Bronze
Aluminum

120
10

Aluminum Alloys

10.2

Antimony

11.3

Aramid

69

42 287

Beryllium Copper

18
4.6
170
18 (compress
ion)
76

Bone, compact
Bone, spongy
Boron
Brass
Brass, Naval
Bronze
CAB
Cadmium
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic
Carbon nanotube, single-walled
Cast Iron 4.5% C, ASTM A-48
Cellulose, cotton, wood pulp and
regenerated
Cellulose acetate, molded
Cellulose acetate, sheet
Cellulose nitrate, celluloid
Chlorinated polyether
Chlorinated PVC (CPVC)
Chromium
Cobalt
Concrete
Concrete, High Strength (compression)
Copper
Diamond (C)
Douglas fir Wood
Epoxy resins
Fiberboard, Medium Density
Flax fiber
Glass
Glass reinforced polyester matrix
Gold
Granite
Graphene
Grey Cast Iron
Hemp fiber

95

70 - 112

Beryllium (Be)
Bismuth

110

3100
102 - 125
100
96 - 120
0.8

250

4.6
150
1000+
170
80 - 240
Dec-58
30 - 52
50
1.1
39
2.9
36
30
17
40
30 (compress
ion)
17
117
220
1220
50
13 (compress
ion)
3-Feb 26 - 85
4
58
50
50 - 90
(compress
ion)
17
10.8 74
52
1000
130
35

70

Inconel
Iridium
Iron
Lead
Magnesium metal (Mg)
Manganese
Marble
MDF - Medium-density fiberboard
Mercury
Molybdenum (Mo)
Monel Metal
Nickel
Nickel Silver
Nickel Steel
Niobium (Columbium)
Nylon-6
Nylon-66
Oak Wood (along grain)
Osmium (Os)
Phenolic cast resins
Phenol-formaldehyde molding
compounds
Phosphor Bronze
Pine Wood (along grain)
Platinum
Plutonium
Polyacrylonitrile, fibers
Polybenzoxazole
Polycarbonates
Polyethylene HDPE (high density)
Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET
Polyamide
Polyisoprene, hard rubber
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
Polyimide aromatics
Polypropylene, PP
Polystyrene, PS

31
75
28.5 210
2
6.4
23

15
4
40 329
26
31 170
18.5
29
15
2-Apr 45 - 90
60 - 80
11

45

80 550
33 - 59
45 - 52
116
9

40

21.3
14 97
200
3.5
2.6 52 - 62
0.8
15
2 - 2.7
55
2.5
85
39
2.4 - 3.4
3.1
68
1.5 - 2
28 - 36
3 - 3.5
30 - 100
0.11 0.45
0.4
Oct-20
29 - 55
2.4 - 4.1

Polytehylene, LDPE (low density)

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Polyurethane cast liquid
Polyurethane elastomer
Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
Potassium
Rhodium
Rubber, small strain
Sapphire
Selenium
Silicon
Silicon Carbide
Silver
Sodium
Steel, High Strength Alloy ASTM A-514
Steel, stainless AISI 302

45

42
0.01 - 0.1
435
8.4
16 130 - 185
450
10.5

180

3440

760
860

690
502

Steel, Structural ASTM-A36

Tantalum
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Thorium
Tin
Titanium
Titanium Alloy
Tooth enamel
Tungsten (W)
Tungsten Carbide (WC)
Uranium
Vanadium
Wrought Iron
Zinc

200

400

250

900

730

27
0.5
8.5
47
16
105 - 120
83
400 - 410
450 - 650
24 170
19
190 - 210
12

#VALUE!
Thermoplastics - Physical Properties

Physical properties of some thermoplastics like ABS,

Typical properties of some common thermoplastics:
Tensile
Yield
Strength
Thermoplastic

Specific Gravity
(103 psi)

Tensile Modulus
Coefficients of

(103 psi)

Linear Expansion
(106 in/in
o
F)

ABS
PVC
CPVC
PE
PEX
PB
PVDF

1.08
1.4
1.54
0.95
0.94
0.92
1.76

7
8
8
3.2
2.8 .
4.2
7

340
410
420
120
55
220

60
30
35
90
90
72
70

1 psi (lb/in2) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m2) - Note! You can use the pressure unit converter on this page to switch to Pa (N/m
1 (Btu/lb oF) = 4,186.8 (J/kg K) = 1 (kcal/kg oC)

ts-d_48.html

mon materials used for pipes and tubes - like aluminum, carb

nd tubes - are indicated in the table below:

THERMAL

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Coefficient of Linear Expansion

Coefficien
t of Linear in/in/F
2.9 x 10-5 2.8 x 10-5
Expansion
=
0.000028 in / (in / F)
=

ASTM
D696

0.0000504 m/(m*C)

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Tensile Modulus of Elasticity @ 73F, for PVC

E=

Tensile
Modulus of
PSI
Elasticity @
73FE =
4.3.E+05
E=

3.0.E+03

E=

3.E+09

420,000
psi
Mpa
Pa

astics like ABS, PVC, CPVC, PE, PEX, PB and PVDF

Maximum
Thermal Conductivity
Specific HeatTemperatur
e Limit
(Btu in /h ft2
(Btu/lb oF)
o
F)

1.35
1.1
1
3.2
3.2
1.5
1.5

0.34
0.25
0.2
0.55
0.55
0.45
0.29

this page to switch to Pa (N/m 2) units.

(oF/oC)

180/80
150/65
210/100
160/70
210/100
210/100
300/150

8 kpsi
8000 psi
5.52E+07 Pa

aluminum, carbon steel, cast iron, PVC, HDPE and more

piping-systems/gf-harvel-pvc-industrial-pipe

ping-systems/gf-harvel-pvc-industrial-pipe

ty @ 73F, for PVC

430,000

ASTM
D638

and more

[1]

Elementos de resistencia de materiales

S. Timoshenko, D. H. Young
Ed. Limusa, 1996

[2]

[3]

[4]

http://static.victaulic.com/assets/uploads/literature/26.02-SPA.pdf

[5]

http://www.spiraxsarco.com/resources/steam-engineering-tutorials/steam-distribution/pipe-ex

[5]

F(Simple drive):\Libreria\Piping\Piping Handbook (7th Edition)

[6]

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/young-modulus-d_773.html

www.piping-tools.net

Expansion_loop.xlsm

[7]

http://www.awc.org/pdf/codes-standards/publications/design-aids/AWC-DA6-BeamFormulas-0710.pdf

orials/steam-distribution/pipe-expansion-and-support.asp

C-DA6-BeamFormulas-0710.pdf