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Centrifugal Pump Performance Analysis

The document discusses pump characteristic curves which show how pump head, efficiency, and discharge are related. It also discusses system head curves which show the required head in a pipeline system considering static head and head losses. To select a suitable pump for a system, the pump curves are superimposed on the system curve and the operating point where they intersect indicates the pump's head and discharge at maximum efficiency for that system. Input power can be calculated from the operating point values and efficiencies.

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Danny Cheng
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398 views13 pages

Centrifugal Pump Performance Analysis

The document discusses pump characteristic curves which show how pump head, efficiency, and discharge are related. It also discusses system head curves which show the required head in a pipeline system considering static head and head losses. To select a suitable pump for a system, the pump curves are superimposed on the system curve and the operating point where they intersect indicates the pump's head and discharge at maximum efficiency for that system. Input power can be calculated from the operating point values and efficiencies.

Uploaded by

Danny Cheng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Pump Characteristic and System Curves
  • Centrifugal Pumps: Characteristic Curves
  • Pump Characteristic Curves Details
  • System Head Curve Explanation
  • Pipeline System Head Curve
  • Single Pump and Pipeline System Evaluation
  • Illustration of Curves and Conditions
  • Practical Example Analysis
  • Centrifugal Pumps: Horsepower Explanation
  • Pump Efficiency and Motor Horsepower

1

Centrifugal Pumps
Pump Characteristic Curves
Characteristic curves are used to show the performance of

a pump at a constant speed.

Centrifugal Pumps
Pump Characteristic Curves
Pump characteristic curves

show the following


characteristics:
Pump head (H) decreases

as discharge (Q) increases.


Pump efficiency (e)

increases with discharge


to a maximum and then
decreases afterward.
The discharge where

efficiency is maximum is
called rated discharge (or
normal discharge).
3

System Head Curve


System head curve is the relationship between the required head (H) and discharge

(Q) of the pipeline system.


System head including the following heads:
Static suction head: The vertical distance from the water level in the source tank
to the centerline of the pump.
Static discharge head: The vertical distance from the centerline of the pump to
the water level in the discharge tank.
Total static head (Z): Sum of static suction and static discharge heads, which
equals the difference between water levels of the discharge and source tanks.
Head loss (hL): Sum of friction loss and the minor loss.

Pipeline System Head Curve


Total dynamic head (H) is the sum of the total static head

and the head loss including friction and minor losses.


Total dynamic head increases from the total static head with
increasing discharge.

System Head Curve

Single Pump and Pipeline System


The suitability of a pump for a pipeline system may be
evaluated as follows:
Plot the pump characteristic curves.
Superimpose the system head curve.
The intersection of the above two curve is the

operating point, where the head provided by the pump


satisfies the head required by the pipeline system.
Check the efficiency of the pump at this operating
point. If too low, another pump should be considered.
Repeat the process until a desirable efficiency is
obtained.
7

Illustration
Pump Characteristic Curves and System Head Curve

Example
A pump having the characteristic curves given in the following table
is to be used in the pipeline system shown in the following figure.
Determine (a) the operating head and discharge, (b) efficiency of the
pump and hence it suitability, and input power (brake horsepower)
for the pump. f =0.02.

10

11

Centrifugal Pumps
Horsepower
The energy associated with pump operation may be expressed as

follows :
Water horsepower (WHP) = the power needed by water to

satisfy both Q and H

WHP = QH/550

Brake horsepower (BHP) = the power that must be supplied to

the pump shaft by the motor to deliver WHP

BHP = WHP /

= pump efficiency

Input horsepower (IHP) to the motor:

IHP = WHP / /m

m = motor efficiency
12

Centrifugal Pumps
Horsepower
Pump efficiency varies with Q:

The required motor horsepower for a pump of a


given speed can be determined from the
characteristic curves through the following steps:
Determine the water horsepower for the specified

discharge and head.


Determine the pump efficiency based on the

discharge from the -Q curve.

Obtain motor efficiency m from the manufacturer.


Calculate input horsepower to motor.
13

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