Electric Motor Protection
Gunawan # 119452
Electrical/Maintenance
Agenda
1 Introduction
2 Motor Electric Failures
3 Relay Protection
4 Agenda 4
1 Introduction
1. Introduction
Costs Associated with Motor Failures
Costs Associated with Motor Failures
Equipment downtime
Loss of production
Collateral equipment damage
Equipment replacement
Work in process damage
Overtime for repair crews
4
1. Introduction
Thermal Breakdown
Electric Motor Failures causes
Thermal
Mechanical
Environmental
Thermal Breakdown
1. Introduction
2 Motor Electrical Failures
2. Motor Electrical failures
2. Motor electrical failures
Thermal breakdown causes
Thermal Breakdown
Over load
Voltage variations
Single Phasing
Short Circuits
Thermal Breakdown
Lightning and Surges
Improper Ventilation / Cooling
Dirt / Dust Accumulation
10
Over load
Thermal Breakdown
Process Cause (Excessive load)
High Ambient Condition
Thermal Breakdown
Power supply ( Voltage / Current unbalance)
11
Voltage
Voltage Variations
Phase unbalance
Thermal Breakdown
Phase loss (Single Phasing)
12
Low Voltage..cause
Demand for power is greater than the
supply
Long cable runs
Overloaded transformers
Thermal Breakdown
Distribution system
13
Low Voltage Effect
Reduced efficiency
Reduced life expectancy
Increased temperatures
Increased currentThermal Breakdown
Lower torque
14
High Voltage Effect
Reduced efficiency
Reduced power factor
Increased power consumption
Increased current Thermal Breakdown
Increased temperature
15
Voltage Unbalance
Percent voltage unbalance
= 100 x Maximum voltage deviation from average voltage
average voltage
Thermal Breakdown
example:
Assume voltages to a motor are 228 V to Phase A, 220V to
Phase B and 236 V to Phase C. The average voltage is
228 V. The voltage unbalance is as follows:
Voltage imbalance = 236-228 x 100 = 3.5%
228
16
Cause of Voltage Unbalance
Unequal loading of a three phase system
Unequal tap settings on transformers
Loose connections in the power system
Damaged starter contacts
Thermal Breakdown
Open delta transformer systems
Storms (lightning)
Poor regulation by utility
17
Voltage unbalance Effect
Horsepower Derating
Thermal Breakdown
18
Single Phasing
Thermal Breakdown
19
Causes of Single Phasing
Damaged motor starter contact
Burned open overload relay
Damaged switch or circuit breaker
Blown fuse
Thermal Breakdown
Open cable or bus on transformer
secondary
Open motor winding
Open transformer winding
20
Mechanical breakdown causes
Thermal Breakdown
Bearing failure
Vibration
Improper alignment
21
Thermal Breakdown
Bearing failure causes
Thermal Breakdown
Improper Lubrication
Excessive Belt Tension
Misalignment
22
Thermal Breakdown
Environmental breakdown causes
Thermal Breakdown
Moisture / Water
Corrosion / Chemical
Age
23
Thermal Breakdown
% Causes of Motor Failures
Thermal Breakdown
Thermal Breakdown
24
Causes of Motor Failures
Thermal Breakdown
Bearing
Rotor Failures
Failures
5%
Overload
13%
30%
Thermal Breakdown
Contaminants
19%
Single Phasing
Misc
9%
Old Age
10%
25
14%
3 Relay Protection
3.1 Thermal overload relay
Thermal Breakdown
27
Thermal over load function :
Thermal Breakdown
Over load
Application : Low Voltage motor 480 V
28
Thermal O/L curve
Thermal Breakdown
Thermal Breakdown
29
Thermal O/L operation
Thermal Breakdown
Thermal Breakdown
30
Thermal O/L connection
Thermal Breakdown
31
Thermal Over load installation
Thermal Breakdown
32
3.2 Time Over current relay
Thermal Breakdown
33
Time Over current Function
Thermal Breakdown
Over load
Instantaneous Over current
Stall time
Application : Medium Voltage motor
4160 V
34
Time Over current relay connection
Thermal Breakdown
35
Time Over current relay operation
Thermal Breakdown
36
3.3 Lodtrak IV relay
Thermal Breakdown
37
Lodtrak IV Function
Thermal Breakdown
Over load
Over Temperature
Instantaneous Over current
Phase Unbalance
Stall time
Under current
Load jam
Application : Medium Voltage motor
4160 V
38
Lodtrak IV Function connection
Thermal
Breakdown
39
3.4 Differential relay
Thermal Breakdown
40
Differential Relay functions
Thermal Breakdown
Internal fault
Application : High Voltage motor
13800 V
41
Differential relay connection
Thermal Breakdown
42
Differential relay operation
Thermal Breakdown
43
3.5 Digital Relay
Thermal n
44
Motor Management Relay functions
Thermal Breakdown
Over load
45
Over Temperature
Instantaneous Over current
Phase Unbalance
Stall time
Under current
Load jam
Under / Over Voltage
Ground fault
Application : Medium Voltage motor
4160 V
Motor Management relay Connection
Thermal n
46
3.5 Digital Relay
Thermal n
47
48
M 60 Motor Relay functions
Thermal Breakdown
Over load
Over Temperature
Instantaneous Over current
Phase Unbalance
Stall time
Under current
Load jam
Differential
Under / Over Voltage
Ground fault
Application : High Voltage motor
13800 V
M 60 Motor Relay connection
49
Thank you
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