BloodTypeTestingTestLab
Members:
NichananSuteeduangsamorn
PhattarnanVarrathyarom
1105
Jun17,2016
Abstract
Inthisexperiment,[Link]
usinglancetdevice,herfingerwaspuncturedandadropofbloodwasdroppedoneachcirclein
[Link],wedroppedantibodyA,[Link],we
[Link],it
[Link],Nichananbloodcoagulates
wheninteractswithantibodyBandABherbloodcontainsantibodyA,soherbloodtypeisB.
Introduction
GeneticInheritanceisthegeneoneshavewhichisconsistsof23chromosomeswithin
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
mentionedabovethathumanshave23pairsofchromosomeswhicheachsetaregivenfromone
[1]
oftheparent.
Everyindividualhavetwoalleles,alternativeformofgene,[Link]
occasion,theresalsoatraitassociatedwiththetheory,[Link]
[5]
Traitisatraitresultsofwhen1locusofgenecontain2ormoretypesofallele.
Justtogivean
illustration,
Bloodtypeisoneoftheexampleofamultialleletraitsincetherere3typesof
A B
[6]
alleleinABOBloodTypeSystemwhichareI
,I
,andi
.
Humansbloodconsistsofredbloodcellsandplasmawhichhavemanyimportant
compounds,oneofthesignificantcomponentsisantigen,aproteinattachedtothesurfaceofred
[1]
bloodcell.
Theresanobviousdiscreteantigenandantibodyindifferentindividualswhich
[Link],antigenisamoleculethatwouldberecognizedbythe
[Link]
tobindwithantigen,ithavetheabilityofspecificitytheforeignantigenanddestroythatantigen
[4]
throughtheprogressofcomplement.
Inorderforusasahumantoperformbloodtransfusion,bloodtypeshouldbechecked
carefullyorelseourbloodwillagglutinatethroughtheprocessandtheresapossibilitythatit
[3]
mayleadsustodeath.
HumanABOBloodTypesareclassifiedbasedontheirinherited
[Link],B,
[Link]
[Link]
starttoagglutinatewhilethesizeofagglutinationwillbedependontheportionoftheantigen
[Link]
[2]
typeA,B,O,andAB.
ThepresenceofsystemofABObloodtypesarealsoinsomeother
speciesofanimal,suchasapes,chimpanzees,andgorillas.
Inordertodeterminethebloodtypeofanindividual,theirbloodsamplemustbe
[Link]
[Link],B,and
ABtocheckwhetheritagglutinatewhichmeansthebloodreactedwiththeantibodyortheyre
[Link]
togetherwhenAntiAserumisadded,[Link]
sticktogetherwhenAntiBserumisaddedthenyouhavebloodtypeBwhileifyourbloodstick
[Link],ifyour
blooddoesntstickatallwhenaddalltypesofantibodythenthatmeansyouhavebloodtypeO.
Moreover,[Link]
yourserum,liquidpartofyourbloodthatcontainnocells,getmixedwiththebloodoftypeA
[Link]
[Link]
eithertypesofcellsmakeyourbloodclump,[Link]
lackofbloodcellsclumpstogether,[Link],this
backtypingandalsousetotellwhetheryouareaRh+oraRhbylookingatthepresenceofthe
[Link]
[3]
ofthesubstancethenyoureaRh+whileifyouhavenoneyoullbeRh.
Thepurposeofthisexperimentistoidentifythepossibilityofindividualsbloodtype.
[Link],AntiB,andAntiAB
solutions,wewillbeabletocomprehendbloodtypesofeachindividualandpredicttheir
possiblegenotypebymerelyconsidertheirparentsbloodtype.
Materials
1. 2MicroscopeSlides
2. Lancets
3. CottonBall
4. AntiA,B,AB
5. LancetDevice
6. 2skewers
7. Markers
8. Ethanol
Procedures
1. Wearlabcoat,goggles,andgloves
2. Get2microscopeslidesperpair
3. Draw2ofcircleeachwith1centimeterdiameteroneachslide.
4. Markallofthe4circlesascontrol(C),antiA(A),antiB(B)andantiAB(AB).
5. WaitforteachertouselancetsandpunctureNichanansfinger.
6. Drop1dropofNichanansbloodineachcircle.
7. Nichananwhowaspuncturedwillgetacottonballwithethanoltocoverthepain
8. Drop1dropofantibodyontotheblooddrop
Control:NoAntibody
AntiAcircle:1dropofAntiA
AntiBcircle:1dropofAntiB
AntiABcircle:1dropofAntiAB
[Link].
10.Waitfor10secondsandobserve.
Results
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
State:Coagulation/NoCoagulation
Control
NoCoagulation
AntiA
NoCoagulation
AntiB
Coagulation
AntiAB
Coagulation
Nichananspossiblegenotype
NichanansmotherisObloodtype,whichmeanssheis ii
NichanansfatherisBbloodtype,sohispossiblegenotypeiseither I BI B or I Bi
Bylookingatthesedata,wecancreatetwopossiblepunnettsquareswhichareshownbelow.
ThesepunnettsquaresleadustotheresultthatNichanansgenotypeis I Bi becauseshecanonly
beeither I Bi or ii [Link],whensheisbloodtypeB,sheprobablyhasgenotype I Bi .
Discussion
Firstofall,inthislaboratory,weuseNichanansbloodtoobservebloodcoagulation
[Link],wecan
alsoprovewhetherornotthatstrueandfigureoutwhatishergenotypebysimplylookingather
[Link],incontrol,absolutely,
[Link],theblooddrop
markedasA,referredtodropofantibodyA,didntcoagulateaswellsinceNichanansblood
[Link],herbloodcoagulatedwhendroppedwith
antiBandantiABbecauseeitherofthosehasantiBwhichherblooddoesntrecognizeitasa
[Link],thisleadstotheconceptofhumansimmunesystemthatifyouhave
antigenA,youllalsohaveoppositeantibody,[Link]
type,justlikeNichananifyouhaveantigenB,[Link]
type,youhavenoantigenandhaveantibodiesforbothAandB,andABbloodtypewillcontain
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
father,[Link]
[Link] I Bi becauseshemustobtainatleast i
fromhermother,sincehermothersbloodtypeisO(genotype ii ).Herfathercouldeitherbe I Bi
or I BI B becauseshewillgetatleast I B [Link],and
cantbe I BI B duetohermothersbloodtype.
Conclusion
NichanansbloodtypeisBandherpossiblegenotypeis I Bi .
References
Reece,J.B.,&Campbell,N.A.(2011).
CampbellBiology
.Boston:BenjaminCummings/
[1]
Pearson.
Dean,L.(2005).TheABObloodgroup.
BloodGroupsandRedCellAntigens
.RetrievedJune
[2]
13,2016,from[Link]
[3]
Gersten,T.(2014,February24).Bloodtyping.RetrievedJune14,2016,from
[Link]
[4]
Nydegger,U.E.,&Kazatchkine,M.D.(1983,December).Theroleofcomplementinimmune
clearanceofbloodcells.
SpringerSeminarsinImmunopathology,
6
(4),373398.
doi:10.1007/BF02116281
[5]
RealityRearsItsHead.(2016).RetrievedJune13,2016,from
[Link]
[6]
TheABOBloodGroup:MultipleAlleles.(n.d.).RetrievedJune13,2016,from
[Link]
