10- cksyrh bekjrsa
igqps xksydksaMk
vkf[kjdkj vkt ge nhnh osQ
py gh iM+s xksydksaMk osQ fy,A
bfrgkl i<+rh gSa vkSj gesa muosQ
bekjrsa ns[kus esa cM+k ekk vkrk
lkFk
nhnh
lkFk
gSA
lSytk vjs cki js! fdruk cM+k
fn[krk gS ;g fdykA
dY;[Link]] ;g njokkk Hkh rks ns[kksA
dHkh ns[kk gS bruk yack&pkSMk+ xsV\
lSytk cgqr Hkkjh Hkh yxrk gSA
irk ugha fdrus yksx feydj [kksyrs
can djrs gksaxs bls!
jktho flag
Jh/j vkSj fdruh pkbZ ij gSSA
dY;[Link] xsV ij ;s uqdhys yksgs osQ Hkkys
tSls D;k fn[k jgs gSa\ ;s D;ksa yxk, x, gksaxs\
lSytk bruh eksVh&eksVh nhokjsa Hkh rks ns[kksA
Jh/j dHkh bruh pkSM+h nhokj ugha ns[kh!
lqdkurks nscukFk
dY;[Link] ;g nhokj dgha&dgha xksykbZ esa
vkxs dh rjI+kQ fudyh gqbZ gS\
bl cM+s ls xsV esa ;g NksVk njokkk D;ksa cuk gS\
nhnh ;g cqtZ gSA ns[kks] cqtZ nhokj ls
;knk mQps gSaA bl fdys dh ckgjh nhokj
esa 87 cqtZ gSaA eksVh nhokjsa] yack&pkSM+k xsV
vkSj brus lkjs cqtZ! lqj{kk osQ fdrus dM+s
barkke Fks!
87
cqtZ
Nsn
lkspks
brus lkjs cqtZ D;ksa cuk, x, gksaxs\
cqtZ esa ;s cM+s&cMs+ Nsn D;ksa cus gksaxs\
lh/h&likV nhokj ls >kdus esa vkSj ,d
mQps cqtZ ls >kdus esa D;k varj gksxk\
cqtZ osQ ihNs [kM+s gq, Nsnksa esa ls ns[kus
okys flikfg;ksa dks geyk djus esa D;k
enn feyrh gksxh\
jktho flag
fdys esa fdruk oqQN
lSytk D;k ;g fdyk jktk us vius jgus osQ fy, cuok;k gksxk\ ;g fdruk
iqjkuk gksxk\
dY;[Link] ckgj fy[kk Fkk fd lu~ 1518 ls 1687 rd ;gk oqQrqc'kkgh lqYrkuksa
us ,d osQ ckn ,d jkt fd;kA
nhnh gk mlls Hkh igys lu~ 1200 esa ;g fdyk fe^h dk cuk Fkk vkSj ;gk
nwljs jktkvksa dk jkt FkkA
lSytk vjs] bl cksMZ ij fdys dk uD'kk gSA
Jh/j bl uD'ks esa fdrus lkjs ckx vkSj dkj[kkus fn[k jgs gSaA vkSj ns[kks] fdys osQ
vanj dbZ lkjs egy Hkh gaSA
lSytk bldk eryc rks ;gk ij lqyrku osQ vykok vkSj Hkh cgqr&ls yksx jgrs
gksaxsA fdlku vkSj dkj[kkuksa esa dke djus okys yksx Hkh rks jgrs gksaxsA
dY;[Link] fiQj ;g rks iwjk 'kgj gh gksrk gksxkA
f'k{kd laosQrcPpksa dk ;ku bl ckr ij vkdf"kZr djsa fd mQph] xksy vkdkj dh nhokj ls
pkjksa rjI+kQ nwj&nwj rd ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
88
vkl&ikl
lqyrku dk egy
Jh/j ;s lhf<+;k rks [kRe gksus dk uke gh
ugha ys jgha gSaA
lSytk ml kekus esa Hkh nks eafkyk bekjrsa FkhaA
dY;[Link] vc rks ;g VwVh&iwQVh gkyr esa gS]
ysfdu vankkk rks gksrk gS fd blesa fdrus
jktho flag
cM+s&cM+s gkWy vkSj dejs gksaxsA
Jh/j vkSj ;g ns[kks] nhokjksa ij fdruh ckjhd vkSj [kwclwjr uDdk'kh dh xbZ gSA
dY;[Link] ,d Nr ij geus Ik+ QOokjs tSlk Hkh rks ns[kk FkkA
nhnh gk] bl fdys esa dbZ cMs+&cM+s VSad vkSj I+kQOokjs
Fks ftuesa gj le; ikuh pyrk jgrk FkkA
okg! ml kekus dh bathfu;fjax
jktho flag
lkspks] vkt Hkh bathfu;j tc edku cukrs gSa rks dbZ txg
cjlkrksa esa lhyu vk tkrh gSA ;gk rks Nr ij ikuh osQ I+kQOokjs
pyrs FksA rc Hkh ;s bekjrsa fdruh le> ls cukbZ xbZ FkhaA lkspas
fd 500 lky igys yksx oSQls jgrs FksA fnekx esa dbZ lkjs loky
vkrs gS]a tSls ikuh bruh mQpkbZ ij oSQls p<+rk gksxk\ rqe Hkh
vuqeku yxkvksA
lkspks vkSj ppkZ djks
Ik+ QOokjs oSQls pyrs gksaxs\
gok vkSj jks'kuh dk D;k barkke gksrk gksxk\
fp=k esa nhokj ij dh xbZ uDdk'kh dks ;ku ls ns[kksA bruh
lqanj vkSj ckjhd uDdk'kh djus esa fdu vkSkkjksa dk bLrseky
gksrk gksxk\
gekjs ns'k esa vkt Hkh dbZ txg fctyh ugha gSA ij ftu
txgksa ij fctyh gS vxj ogk ,d g+rs rd fctyh u vk,
rks dkSu&dkSu ls dkeksa osQ fy, cgqr eqf'dy gksxhA
cksyrh bekjrsa
jktho flag
89
dgk gS iwoZ&if'pe\
rqe ftl txg ij gks ogk ij lwjt fdl rjIk+ Q ls
mxrk gS vkSj fdl rjI+kQ Mwcrk gS\ irk djks fd rqe
tgk [kM+s gks ogk ls iwoZ fn'kk esa D;k&D;k gS\ rqEgkjs
if'pe esa D;k&D;k gS\ vc irk djks fd rqEgkjs mkj
vkSj nf{k.k esa D;k&D;k gS\
crkvks vkSj fy[kks
xksydksaMk osQ uD'ks dks ns[kks pkjksa fn'kk, rhj osQ fu'kku ls fn[kkbZ xbZ gSaA
vxj rqe cksMyh njokks ls fdys osQ vanj ns[k jgs gks rks dVksjk gkSk fdl
fn'kk esa gS\
vxj dksbZ catkjk njokks ls vanj vk jgk gS rks dVksjk gkSk mldh fdl
fn'kk esa gksxk\
ckyk fglkj ls rqe fdl fn'kk esa pyksxs fd eksrh egy igqp tkvks\
fdys dh ckgjh nhokj ij fdrus njokks fn[k jgs gSa\
fxudj crkvks fdys esa fdrus egy gSa\
ikuh osQ fy, D;k&D;k barkke fn[k jgs gSa\ tSls&ckoM+h] oqQ,] gkSkA
uD'ks esa ,d lsaVhehVj kehu ij 110 ehVj dh nwjh fn[kkrk gSA vc crkvks
_________
uD'ks esa I+kQrsg njokks ls ckyk fglkj
ls-eh- dh nwjh ij
_________
gSA kehu ij ;g nwjh
ehVj gksxhA
edbZ njokks ls I+kQrsg njokkk fdruh nwj gS\
f'k{kd laosQrcPpksa dks fn'kk, igpkuus esa cgqr le; yxrk gSA os mkj vkSj nf{k.k fn'kk dks igpkuus
esa vf/drj xyrh dj nsrs gSaA ge cM+s Hkh dbZ ckj lksprs gSa ^mkj* mQij dks gksrk gSA dbZ ckj dkxt ij
Hkh ge ^mkj* mQij dh vksj gh fn[kkrs gSaA nh xbZ xfrfof/ ls ;g vis{kk ugha dh tkrh] fd cPps igyh
ckj esa viuh le> cuk ysaxsA fn'kkvksa dh vo/[Link] dks muosQ futh vuqHkoksa ls tksM+uk k:jh gSA
90
vkl&ikl
xksydksaMk fdys dk uD'kk
1 ls-eh- = 110
cksyrh bekjrsa
ehVj
91
;s geys D;ksa\
jktho flag
ge ckrsa dj gh jgs Fks fd Jh/j us rksi
fn[kkus osQ fy, gesa vkokk nhA rksi dks
ns[kus dh mRlqdrk esa ge lc Hkh rskh ls
ogk igqpsA
lSytk ;g rksi rks oqQrqc'kkgh lqYrku dh gh gksxhA
nhnh rksi dk bLrseky vkSajxksc us fd;k FkkA tkurs gks] vkSajxksc ckn'kkg
dh iwjh I+kQkSt canwdksa vkSj rksiksa osQ lkFk ;gk geyk djus vkbZ FkhA ij og fdys esa
?kql Hkh ugha ikbZ mldh iwjh lsuk vkB eghuksa rd ckgj gh cSBh jghA
lSytk fnYyh ls bruh nwj ;gk rd I+kQkSt rksiksa osQ lkFk D;ksa vkbZ gksxh\
nhnh ckn'kkg gks ;k jktk] lHkh dk ;gh [ksy FkkA viuk jkt iSQyk losaQ]
NksVs&NksVs jktkvksa vkSj lqyrkuksa ls viuk fj'rk tksM+ losaQ vkSj mUgsa vius bykosQ
esa 'kkfey dj losaQA blosQ fy, dHkh rks nksLrh vkSj pkiywlh ls dke pykrs FksA
dHkh ifjokj esa 'kknh djkdj ;k fiQj geyk djosQA
dY;[Link] bruh rksiksa vkSj canwdksa osQ lkFk Hkh ckn'kkg dh lsuk vanj D;ksa
ugha ?kql ikbZ\
lSytk bruh lkjh eksVh&eksVh nhokjsa ugha ns[kha\ vkSj uD'ks esa rks nhokj ls
yxh ,d yach xgjh [kkbZ Hkh fn[krh gSA rks lsuk vanj oSQls vkrh\
Jh/j vxj lsuk fdlh nwljh rjI+kQ ls vkus dh dksf'k'k djrh rks Hkh ;gk cqtZ ij cSBs
flikfg;ksa dks nwj&nwj rd lc oqQN lkIk+ Q ukj vk tkrkA eqf'dy rks gqvk gksxk geyk djuk!
dY;[Link] lkspks! I+kQkSt] ?kksM+ksa vkSj gkfFk;ksa ij lokj] gkFkksa esa canwosaQ fy, vkxs
c<+ jgh gSA ;gk lqyrku osQ I+kQkSth canwdksa osQ lkFk rSukr gSaA
lSytk vksgks! irk ugha bl yM+kbZ esa nksuksa rjIk+ Q osQ fdrus gh flikgh vkSj
yksx ekjs x, gksaxsA geys gksrs gh D;ksa gSa\
92
vkl&ikl
Jh/j vjs] rksi rks cgqr iqjkuh ckr gqbZA vktdy rks cgqr lkjs ns'kksa osQ ikl
U;wfDy;j ce gSaA blls rks ,d gh ckj esa fdruh rckgh gks ldrh gSA
ppkZ djks
D;k rqeus gky gh esa lquk gS fd fdlh ns'k us nwljs ns'k ij geyk fd;k gks\
irk djks fd ;g geyk D;ksa gqvk gksxk\
fdl rjg osQ gfFk;kj bLrseky fd, x, Fks\
fdl&fdl rjg dk uqdlku gqvk\
irk djks
Jh/j us fdys esa tks rksi ns[kh Fkh] og dkls dh cuh gSA
rqeus dHkh dkls dh dksbZ phk ns[kh gS\ D;k\
dkls dh phksa gkkjksa lky igys ls vkfnoklh cukrs vk, gSaA vkt Hkh lkspdj gSjkuh
gksrh gS fd xgjh [kkuksa esa ls rkck vkSj fVu oSQls fudkyrs] fi?kykrs gksaxsA fiQj oSQls
muls lqanj&lqanj phksa cukrs gksaxsA
rqEgkjs ?kj esa ;k vkl&ikl dkls dh dkSu&dkSu&lh phksa Fkha ;k
vkt Hkh gSa\ jax ls igpkuus dh dksf'k'k djks fd dkSu&lh phk
rkcs dh] ihry dh vkSj dkls dh cuh gS\
tc VsyhiQksu ugha Fkk
nhnh gels jktk osQ egy esa ,d txg [kM+s jgus osQ fy, dgdj [kqn I+kQrsg njokks ij pyh
xbA oqQN nsj ckn nhnh dh vkokk vkbZA gksf'k;kj&eSa lqyrku vcqy glu gwA eq>s xkuk&ctkuk
vkSj oqQphiqM+h u`R; cgqr ilan gSA gesa cgqr glh vkbZ ysfdu ge gSjku Hkh Fks fd nhnh dh
vkokk bruh nwj rd igqph oSQlsA ckn esa mUgksaus crk;k fd I+kQrsg njokks ij [kM+s gksdj oqQN
Hkh cksysa rks jktk osQ egy esa ;gk lqukbZ nsrk gSA
f'k{kd laosQrrkcs vkSj ihry osQ crZuksa osQ fp=k ^cwn&cwn] nfj;k&nfj;k* ikB esa Hkh fn, x, gSaA
cPpksa dks izksRlkfgr djsa fd os jaxksa ls vyx&vyx /krqvksa dks igpku ik,A
cksyrh bekjrsa
93
ikuh dk barkke
;g fp=k ml kekus dh cgqr iqjkuh isfVax
dks ns[kdj cuk;k x;k gSA lkspks] cSyksa dk
bLrseky D;ksa gks jgk gS\
vankkk yxkvks fd cSyksa osQ ?kweus ls
bl MaMs osQ Bhd uhps yxk Me fdl
fn'kk esa ?kwesxkA mlosQ lkFk yxk nkrsnkj
ifg;k fiQj fdl fn'kk esa ?kwesxk\ gkFk osQ
b'kkjs ls crkvksA
Me
nkrsnkj ifg;k
ns[kks] nkrsnkj ifg, ls yxk MaMk kehu osQ uhps ls tkdj fdl
ifg, ls tqM+k gS\
fn[ks] fe^h osQ ikbi\
cSyksa osQ ?kweus ls fMCcksa dh ekyk ikuh
dks oSQls mQij p<+krh gS\
jktho flag
vc D;k oqQN irk pyk fd fdl rjg
ikuh dks oqQ, ls fudkydj VSadksa esa Hkjk tkrk
gksxk\ vkt Hkh gesa fdys dh nhokj esa fe^h
osQ ikbi fn[krs gSaA bUgha osQ tfj;s egy esa
txg&txg ikuh igqpk;k tkrk gksxkA
rqeus bl rjg ,d&nwljs ls tqM+s ifg;ksa dk bLrseky gksrs gq, vkSj dgk ns[kk gS\
tSls lkbfdy esa fx;j ;k vkSj dgha\
vius vkl&ikl ns[kks vkSj irk djks fd vkt kehu osQ uhps ls ikuh dks
mQij rd oSQls&oSQls p<+k;k tkrk gS\
fctyh ls ikuh dks mQij rd oSQls p<+k;k tkrk gS\ fcuk fctyh osQ ikuh
dks mQij oSQls p<+k,xs\
94
vkl&ikl
gky fd;k csgky D;ksa\
jktho flag
vkokksa fudkyrs vkSj mudh xwt lqurs gq, lHkh bl esgjkc osQ uhps ls xqkj
jgs FksA
Jh/j iRFkjksa osQ uhps bl lqjax tSlh txg esa cgqr BaMh gok vk jgh gSA
lSytk fy[kk gqvk Fkk fd ;gk Ik+ QkSth jgrs FksA
Jh/j vjs ;g ns[kks] ;g cksMZ Hkh gSA fiQj Hkh bl nhokj dk D;k gky gS\
lSytk vks gks! eSa rks lkspdj gh flgj tkrh gw fd bl nhokj us lSdM+ksa lkyksa esa
D;k&D;k ukkjs ns[ks gksaxs fdrus gh lqyrku vkSj mudh csxe] gkFkh] ?kksM+s vkSj u tkus
D;k&D;k! ij ge yksxksa us oqQN gh lkyksa esa bldk D;k gky dj fn;k gSA
dY;[Link] irk ugha yksx bu nhokjksa dks vius uke fy[k&fy[kdj xank D;ksa dj nsrs gSa\
vk[ksa can djosQ igqpks ml kekus esa!
eku yks fd rqe mlh le; esa gks] tc xksydksaMk esa iwjk dk iwjk 'kgj clk FkkA vc
bu lokyksa osQ ckjs esa lkspks vkSj viuh Dykl esa crkvksA pkgks rks xzqi esa ukVd Hkh
dj ldrs gksA
lqyrku vius egy esa D;k dj jgs gSa\ muosQ diM+s oSQls gSa\ muosQ lkeus
dkSu&dkSu ls idoku is'k gks jgs gSa\ ysfdu cspkjs gSa fdu fiQozQksa esa\ vkSj gk]
fdl Hkk"kk esa ckrphr dj jgs gSa\
f'k{kd laosQrbl xfrfof/ osQ tfj;s cPpksa dks ;g lkspus osQ fy, izksRlkfgr djsa fd ml le; osQ
jgu&lgu] O;olk;] [kku&iku] vkfn oSQls jgs gksaxsA bu fopkjksa dks os vyx&vyx rjhoQksa ls O;Dr
dj ldrs gSa] tSls&vfHku; djosQ] fp=k cukdj] dgkuh cukdj ;k fdlh vkSj rjhosQ lsA
cksyrh bekjrsa
95
muosQ egy ij I+kQOokjs rks py gh jgs gksaxs u! vanj ls egy vkyh'kku ijnksa vkSj
dkyhuksa osQ lkFk oSQlk yx jgk gS\ vkSj xqykc] pesyh osQ iwQyksa dh [kq'kcw dgk
ls vk jgh gS\
fdl&fdl phk osQ dkj[kkus ns[k ik jgs gks\ dkj[kkuksa esa fdrus yksx dke dj
jgs gSa\ mu yksxksa us oSQls diM+s igu j[ks gSa\ fdruh nsj dke djrs gksaxs\
vjs] ogk ns[kksA og dkjhxj iRFkjksa dks NSuh vkSj gFkkSMk+ as ls dkV&dkVdj fdruh lqna j
uDdk'kh dj jgk gSA D;k iRFkjksa dh /wy ls dkjhxj dks dksbZ fnDdr gks jgh gS\
E;wfk;e igqps
jktho flag
xksydksaMk ns[kdj okilh esa ;s
cPps gSnjkckn osQ E;wfk;e
(laxzgky;) esa Hkh x,A E;wfk;e
esa cgqr iqjkuh phksa j[kh gksrh gSaA
bl E;wfk;e esa xksydksaMk fdys
osQ vklikl [kqnkbZ osQ nkSjku
feyh phksa Hkh FkhaA tSls&crZu]
vkSkkj] ksoj] gfFk;kj oxSjgA
lSytk vjs] ;s crZuksa osQ VqdM+s
Hkh lHkkydj bl 'kh'ks dh
vyekjh esa D;ksa j[ks gq, gSa\ og ns[kks] og NksVh&lh IysV rks dkls dh gSA og uhyk
VqdM+k rks phuh feV~Vh dk yxrk gSA
nhnh bUgha lc phkksa ls rks irk pyrk gS fd ml kekus esa yksx oSQls jgrs Fks]
fdu&fdu phkksa dk bLrseky djrs Fks vkSj D;k&D;k cukrs FksA lkspks vxj ;g
lc lHkkydj ugha j[kk gksrk rks D;k rqe vkt ml kekus osQ ckjs esa bruk oqQN
tku ikrs\
f'k{kd laosQrcPpksa dks izksRlkfgr djsa fd os vius cM+s&cw<+ksa vkSj vkl&ikl osQ yksxksa ls iqjkus le;
osQ ckjs esa ckrphr djsaA ;g bfrgkl dh le> cukus esa lg;ksxh jgsxkA
96
vkl&ikl
fy[kks
rqeus vklikl fdl&fdl rjg osQ crZuksa dk bLrseky gksrs ns[kk gS\
vius nknk&nknh ls irk djks fd muosQ le; esa vkSj fdl&fdl
rjg osQ crZu bLrseky esa yk, tkrs Fks\
D;k rqe Hkh dHkh fdlh E;wfk;e esa x, gks ;k mlosQ ckjs esa lquk
gS\ ogk D;k&D;k gksrk gS\
bekjr dk losZ
fy[kks
D;k rqEgkjs ?kj osQ vkl&ikl dksbZ ,slh iqjkuh bekjr gS] ftls
ns[kus osQ fy, yksx vkrs gSa\ ;fn gS] rks dkSu&lh\
D;k rqe dHkh dksbZ ,slh gh iqjkuh bekjr ns[kus dgha nwj x,
gks\ dkSu&lh\ og rqEgsa D;k oqQN cksyrh&lh yxh\ D;k tku
ik, ml le; osQ ckjs esa tc og bekjr cuh Fkh\
og fdruh iqjkuh gS\ rqEgsa oSQls irk yxk\
og fdl phk ls cuh gS\
fdl jax dh gS\
D;k mlesa oqQN [kkl rjg osQ fMkkbu cus gSa\ ;gk cukvksA
mlesa dkSu yksx jgrs gksaxs\
ogk D;k&D;k dke gksrk gksxk\
D;k vHkh Hkh mlesa yksx jgrs gSa\
f'k{kd laosQrcPpksa ls bfrgkl osQ lzksrksa osQ ckjs esa ckr djsa tSls dh uD'ks] fp=k] [kqnkbZ ls fudyh
phksa] fdrkcsa] fglkc osQ nLrkosk] vkfnA
cksyrh bekjrsa
97
rqe Hkh viuk E;wfk;e cukvks
jtuh osQjy osQ eYykiqje fkys osQ ,d ljdkjh LowQy esa i<+krh gSAa mUgksua s viuh Dykl
osQ cPpksa osQ lkFk feydj vius vkSj vkl&ikl osQ cgqr&ls ?kjksa ls iqjkuh&iqjkuh phksa tek
dhA tSls iqjkuh NfM+;k] Nf=k;k]
ydM+h dh [kM+kmQ (pIiy)] crZu]
oxSjgA mUgksua s vktdy ;s lc phksa
tSlh gksrh gSa og Hkh ns[kkA fiQj cPPkksa
us vkSj jtuh us feydj ,d izn'kZuh
yxkbZ ftls vkl&ikl osQ yksx Hkh
ns[kus vk,A rqe Hkh ;g dj ldrs gksA
fp=k dks ns[kks vkSj crkvks
;g yxHkx ikp lkS lky iqjkuh isafVax gS
ftlesa fn[kk;k x;k gS fd vkxjs dk fdyk
fdl rjg cuk;k tk jgk FkkA
yksx fdl&fdl rjg osQ dke djrs
ukj vk jgs gSa\ fdruh vkSjrsa vkSj
fdrus enZ dke dj jgs gSa\ ns[kks ;g
Hkkjh [kaHkk <yku ij oSQls mQij ys tk
jgs gSa\ Hkkjh phk <yku ij p<+kuh
vklkuk gksrh gS ;k lh/h mQij ys
tkuhA D;k e'kd esa Hkjdj ikuh ys
tkrk gqvk vkneh ns[k ik,\
ge D;k le>s
laxhrk dks yxrk gS fd E;wfk;e esa iqjkuh phksa lHkkydj
j[kuk csdkj gSA rqe mls oSQls le>kvksxs fd E;wfk;e dk gksuk k:jh gSA
rqEgsa D;k yxrk gS] bl ikB dk uke ^cksyrh bekjrsa* D;ksa j[kk x;k gS\
98
vkl&ikl
