Student’s Book 5 Kate Fuscoe Barbara Garside Luke Prodromou yAttittide Student's Book 5 Kate Fuscoe Barbara Garside Luke ProdromouContents The mind Lesson 1 Memory 6 Lesson 2 Sicep 8 Verb patterns ‘Sleep Lesson 3 Dreams 10 Vague language Emotions Lesson 4 Mind maps 12 cycle: ver patterns ‘Unit 1 Language Resource: oy Grammar summary, Vocabulary summary 2 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Bad guys 16. Reviow and extension: (Grime the -ng form ofthe verb Unit 4 Heroes and Lesson 2 A great teacher 18 Definite and ‘zero’ articles villains Lesson 3 Gangster 20 Connotation ‘The schwa jay Lt 2 Language Resource [il] Granmar summary Yocabulry summary pe ma Seem ee Unit 3 EB Leisure Lesson 2 Heavenly Hawaii = 28 Tourism lesson 4 A dream vacation 2 cyte: the sng werbs, articles Unit 3 Language Resource Lesson 1 Leaving home —8_Review and extension: reported speach Relationships lesson 2 Bate ofthe sexes 40 Conditional conjunctions | Personal quaitios Crorescome wre Lesson 3 Love is 4 Love and atvactor Lesson 4 Friendship 44 Recycle: past tenses Unit 4 Language Resource [4G] Grammar summary, Vocabulary summary 2 *. esson ¥ Pain 48 Cohesive devices Colocation: adverbs and Unit 5 sae Health and Lesson 2 Relox! 50 Review and extension: medicine adverbs and adverbs Lesson 3 Dance of fe 82 Suffixes Lesson 4 Aliernatves 54 Recycle: reported speech, ‘cohesive devices, past tenses Unit's tnguoge Resource [S| Grenmar summa Yossi summa Lesson 1 Siar power 58 Personality achactives Lesson 2 Grondstor 180 lepeated actions in the past (would, used to, simple past Lesson 3 The blues {62 Modals: obligation, necessity, | Musical instruments fe) andi deduction Lesson 4 Top ten 64 Recycle: cohesive devices, adverbs and adverbiais Unit 6 Language Resource Grammar summary, Vocabulary summary'an exact from a unversiy | Paragraph wnting Taking about routines handbook Giving advoe and opinions ‘A magazine article Atak between pationts and | Cesorting dreams a poychiatist Ging advoo ‘A book extract ‘A stucent presentation A magazine article Using a dictionary to Develop your learning improve your pronunciation Short extracts ‘A shot story ‘Anecdotes Disoussing crime ‘An autobiography ‘A radio interview Describing people | bograptiy “Taking about criminals Shot biographies ‘Acommitiee discussion | Assessing achievernent Develop your writing \Witing a biography ’an information leatet ‘A college lectre Giving opinions: Making recommendations AA guide book extract ‘Atouriom featot ‘Arado show ‘Aletter of complaint Anecdotes Prexictng Probiem-soling Vcation advertisements | A tourist azverisernent Presentations Assessing presentations Develop your learning ‘teen magazine: ‘A personal letter ‘A conversation botwoen problem page parents and daughtor Aninforma letter ‘Amagazine atic Diecussing what makes a ‘Appoam: Men Tak successful mariage A dating agency ‘Arado show Deserbing and comparing adverisement ‘men and women Amegazine aril ‘A personal profile ‘A model presentation ‘Comparing and contrasting Develop your writing Formal and informa eters ‘Amedcalanice ‘Aninformal conversation | Problen- solving Astress test Describing health and routines. newspaper article ‘A semi formal mall Dscussing music and dance An inteenet advertisement Case notes on aterratve Arado discussion erapies Develop your learning ‘Spoken grammar ‘Amagazine article ‘Arado intenaow (Organizing a campaign Aninteview ‘Childhood vacations ‘Taking about chichood A magazine ace ‘Arado show Aquz ‘Song: How Bile Can You Get? Explaining preferences Develop your writing Review: Units 4-6Lesson 1 Diet Grammar Comparative patterns 70 Dieting and good heath image lesson 2 Tattoo 72 Causatves —make, nave, get Lesson 3 Siaius 7 ‘Status ‘Consonant clusters Lesson 4 Comnivore Units jae 76 Recycle: obigation, necessity ‘deduction, comparative patterns a 7 ae ain II cere Vad SR ‘80 Linking Kas 1: time, contrast, [The moves reason, purpose, results The best Lesson 2 Genius 2 Linking ideas 2: contrastng, acing idess homographs Homophones, homonyms lesson 3 Ig Nobel Prizes e Word buiing lesson 4 The Mona liso 186 Recycle: comparative pattarns, linking ideas Unt # Language Resource [Brammer summa, Voeabry summary 4 5 ETE Unit9 (eae Time 90 _Urveal past forms Expressions ith te [Stress in phrases 2 Pertect aspect [cuantty and pace Lesson 3 Timeio go o Lesson 4 Balancing act Lesson 1 Physical ideis Unit 10 Unit 9 Language Resource cycle: inking ideas Grammar summary, Vocabulary summary The body Lesson 2 Adversity Unit 10 Language Resource [HIG] Grammar summary, Vocabulary summary . 7 Amercon or Brisk? 112 Compounds American ve. Eich Enghon Unith “™ 404 Revew and extension: Colocation: ves and conadtonals| adverbs Lesson 3 Superstar 106 Inversion Intonation for cramati eect Lesson 4 Makeover 108 Recycle: perfect aspect condtionals Varieties of paonaee English lesson 3 Lierory ses 114 Review: modality 116 Literary gences Lesson 4 Which English? Uniti2 Lesson 3 Bicuturalism [Unit 11 Language Resource [f735)) Grammar summary, Vocabulary summary Migration Lesson 2 Land of opportunity 128 418 Recycle: conditional, modats 122 Review and edension: [Phrasal and prepostionst present forms | verbs 128 Review: tenses Negative prefs ae: Lesson 4 Testing mes Review Ura Songsheets Communication activities Ireguier verbs 128 Recycle: language and content| ‘of the Student's Book Grammar summary, Vocabulary summary 184Reading ‘A magazine article Problem-page letters Writing Aletier ging advice Listening ae. ea Speaking Discussing heath ‘Armagazine arice Personal experiences ‘roleplay: parents and ehleren Aque Taking about statis ‘Abook introduction Giving advice ‘Quotes Personal experiences Debating Develop your learning Fixed exoressons ‘A megazine ace "Amo review Talking about the Oscars Zn arile about Jahn Nash ‘radio inteniow ‘Arado inteviow “aking about prizes Awarcing prizes tracts from an ert book ‘Anintoniow with wo art | Discussing a panting historans Develop your writing Movie rovews ‘radio nierview ‘Dascussing time management 7 magazine aria Descussing quotations Agjeeng and dsaresing ‘newspaper atice ‘Armapazine aricie 7 rac wieiew “anaiyzing decisions ‘Aro lay: tenons Schedules ‘Armectng with an exper | Dascrbng routines Develop your learning Metaphor Amagazine arile Desorting physical appearence ‘Anewspaper arcle ‘Arado show Comparing stores ‘Arnenspaper column ‘Amagazine arice Discussing image Amagazne aricle ‘Adisoussion Discussing Cosmet surgery Develop your writing Conveying mood o attitude Amegazne aricie - radio acverisoment “aking about varetes of Engish ‘Atormel eter Four dalogues Role pays Book extracts ‘Apoem: Evenyane sang | Dscussing Rerature Agesionare ‘A speaker summaring ‘Comparing spoken anct results writen Engish Develop your learning Preparing for exams acverisarrent Discussing cute cashes Armegazie article Taking about immigration A magazine aridle Informal eters ‘Arado interview Debating migration ‘Arnewspaper arle Discussing bicutraiem Taking about emigration hie questions | (Quiz questions Taking @ ae Develop your writing Ecting your work“A 1 Speaking skills ‘a How good is your memory? Take this simple and giv e any notes as you listen!) My name's Peter and I'm studying engineering. ‘The Amazing Experience of Robert Jones m/herself tte plete of personal information. (D0 better memory in one evening!” r 2 Reading skills to read an extract from an Look at the headline above. What do you think the text will be about? Now read the extract and answer the questions. 1. What most improssod the writer that evening? 2 What other impressive things did Dr. Vremosky do? ‘© How do you think Dr. Vremosky might have performed his amazing foats of momory? Discuss those ideas. 1. Repeating things aloud till they become utomatic, 2. Associating new information with old information, 3 Getting a good nights sleep and drinking plenty of water. Putting things in some kind of order. Making a mental picture which contains the now information in some way. Going through the alphabet until the word popped into his mind. Do you believe itis possible to train your m like this? Do you think Dr. Vremosky was genuine ora fraud? ‘What we were about to witness was the most unforgettable performance. After a few words by way of greeting, Vremosky b Now make notes on all the names and information you can remember. me: Poler Information: Studies engenecring In groups, talk about any techniques you used to remember the information about your classmates. I pictured the situation in my mind, for example, Potor designing a bridge. Tricks of memory ‘The most amazing show of memory I ever saw was when a friend persuaded me to go along to hear Dr. Bruno Vremosky, one of the most famous memory experts in the world. I had always had a hopeless memory ~ I could never remember people’s names and I kept mixing people up. They didn’t like itmuch. It was getting embarrassing and I was beginning to dread going to parties. At work, I'd get clients’ names wrong and that wasn't good for business. My friend, Bob, had told ime all about mind control and how he had increased his ‘memory pot just a few days. So I had to goalong and see the great master of memory himself, Dr: Bruno Vremosky. ‘As I was going into the conference hall, I saw Vremosky in action: he said hello to a dozen people and not only remembered their names but was able to recall their job and details about their work and family. He had the relaxed. ‘confidence and charm I'd always dreamt of, And that was just the beginning. Unit? lof The mind asked people in the audience to call out a word, any word. He heard about thirty words at random. Then he did a most remarkable thing, He recited all thirty words in the reverse order, pointing to the person who'd said the word: cat, house, mother, love, money, and so on, till he got to the first word we'd heard from the audience that evening: magic. And it was, ‘magic ~ the highlight of the evening in fact. He continued to perform more amazing tricks: he asked twenty people their names and then repeated them perfectly, nodding to each person in turn, Then he asked the same people to give him their cellphone number: he recalled those, 00, rapidly without hesitating or making a single mistake. At the end of allthis, he said the secret was very simple and ‘twas the same trick in all cases. And anyone could learn it...3 Listening skills ‘a You are going to listen to an interview with an expert on memory. Before you listen, answer these questions, 1 Is it possible for people to improve their mory? 2 What physical factors affect memory? Listen to Part 1 of the interview and complete the notes on the right. In Part 2 of the i the expert talks about two areas related to memory improvement: general points and techniques to improve Listen and complete the second set of notes on these two areas. Listen to Part 2 again. Write down the examples the speakers give to illustrate the ‘memory techniques 1-5. 1 The shape o the counbry Staby 1s ascciated. th a bat. In pairs, discuss these questions. 4 Which of these memory techniques are new to you? 2 Which techniques could you use for the following? * a shopping list + dates fora history exam * a list of the colors in the rainbow in the correct order * a list of vocabulary for parts of a car. 3. What have you leamed from this lesson that could be helpful for you? 4 Pronunciation: lists 4 Mark the main stress on the following words. pointers remember interested selective Information Db Listen to tho intonation ofthe interviewer's voice in Exercise 8. Does his voice go up or down on the words in Exercise at? ‘¢ Why does his voice go up on some words and down on others? In pairs, see how much information you can remember about your classmates from Exercise 1. Pay special attention to the rise and fall of your voice as you list information, Peter studies engineering, Carole works in computers, Jeff is training to be a vet | Part | Positive y enough sleep a physical factors (and eee physical conditions Negative 4 “too much or Sorraayeal and oe ee Part 2 B General Memory points techniques 1 Make an effort to remember Recitation Mnemonics ! 2 Si 4 e Unit1 Vocabulary: sleep 4 Fill in tho blanks with an appropriate word from the box. keep you awake insomnia overslept light sleeper take sleeping pills sleep feel drowsy fall asleep 41 Healthy adults need an average of eight hours of ‘night. How many do you get? 2 Would you describe yourself as a heavy or 3. Does it often take you more than 30 minutes to at night? 4. Do you do exercise, or take nicotine or caffeine before you go to bed? Don't It will ! 5 Do you ever during the day, especially when a situation is monotonous? 6 Have you ever 2 If yes, why didn't you wake up, and what was the result? 7 Do you know anyone who needs to to get to sleep? 8 Do you know anyone who suffers from the medical condition ? b In pairs, answer the questions in Exercise 18 2 Reading skills a Discuss these questions 1 Does waking up with an alarm clock have negative effects? Why? 2 Which is better for learning, being an “owl ora “lark"? 3 Isit good to take a nap during the day? Why?/Why not? 4 4 Should you drink coffee before napping or before going to bed at night? i b Road the article about sleep and check your answors to Exercise 2a, © What have you learned from this text? Read it again and underline useful or interesting things. Compare your ideas with a partner. Unit Ps | The mind 10 % 38 0 “6 Owls and larks In this article, we look at the impor learning. Most healthy adults need of sleep. But why do we need sleep in the first place? We need sleep fo ile memories stored during the day and associate these with previously learned things. IFthis process is interrupted by, say, the sound of an alarm clock, it may not be as effective. So ifyour sleep is cut short by the alarm clock, how damaging is it? The truth is that it’s difficult to predict, as so much depends on how much sleep your "¢ of sleep for ht or more hours he brain to get a chance to rel body actually needs on that particular occasion, The popular belief that people are naturally either larks (e people tend to be one or the other has more to do with lifestyle, age, and personality. Many people who appe to be early birds may have just become so through habit, for example, parents with very young children “Teenagers can have difficulty falling asleep. night and then they naturally have problems getting up the following morning ly risers) or owls is false. The reasons why The main reason why owls are owls is that they tend to or game spend thei uillthe ne over a book, movie, or compu ly hours of morning. They enjoy the quiet ofthe night when they can pursue their passion. On the other hand, larks can make better use of early morning hours where they can study in quiet at the time when their brains are most refreshed. So which is better for learning —an ow!’s ora lark’s lifestyle? The simple truth, isthat itis more complex than simply being one or the other. Leading a well-balanced life in terms of work and play and sleeping enough refreshment is probably the secret. to bring maximum As for naps, experts on insomnia argue against taking naps, as these may keep people up at night. Ifyour n: lasts only five minutes to half'an hour and does not affect your ability to fall asleep in the night, it will probably help y. ¢ alert in evening hours, 1 be However, if you are having problems get at night, i's not only naps that you should avoid. Try not to drink a Jot of alcohol, take nicotine, do mentally ing to sleep intense activities like preparing for exams or exercise that drinking coffee wher in the evening. Some people swe dr never stops them from sleeping like a lo; the stuff for fear of being others will never go ni awake all night. However, the best advice fo avoid it in the evening, and if you drink coffee before a nap, remember you are likely to awake the caffeine starts kicking in.3 Grammar review: verb patterns Look at the verb patterns a-d and match them with sontences 1~4 below. a verb + infinitive with to: The reasons why people tend to be one or the other are b verb + object + infinitive with to: The dactor told me to get more sleep ¢ verb + preposition + ~ing verb: Experts on insomnia argue against taking naps. 4 adjective + infinitive with fo: Ist good to take a nap during the day? 1 Itis essential to got at least eight hours sleep a day. 2. Larks profor to go to bed late and get up late. 3 You should drink coffoo before taking a nap. 4 Experts advise “owls” to get to bed earlier b According to the toxt, are statements 1-4 above true? 4 Speaking skills 4 Here are some things people ofton say about slaep. Have you, or has anyone you know, ever exporionced any of these situations? T can't get to sleep if don’t read something first. USEFUL LANGUAGE 2. offee keops me awake, but I can't resist it, even in the 3 The person [share a room with snores and that keeps me awake 4 ening. I think itis important te In my view/opinion, it is I can't sleep unless I have my favorite pillow, advisable/essential to 5 Toften wake up in the middle of the night 6 I have different sleeping habits from the person that I share with. Before going to bed, [tend to advise you to b Choose a problem. In pairs, ask for and give advice. ting skills 4 You are going to write about your sleep habits and any related problems. First, complete the table with your sloop habits and sleep problems Sleep habits Sleep problems b Write two paragraphs, Explain your sleep habits in the fist paragraph. Inthe second paragraph describe your problems and what you think the reasons for them ar. Exchange paragraphs with a partner. Read your partner's paper and discuss possible solutions for the problems. d Write a third paragraph with the solutions. ght, so my partner advised. me to tart reading eaxlier and. to it J tend to veac wey late a bime for barning $f te Read your partner's completed paper and make sug or vocabulary. ions for corrections to grammar The mind Ee Unit© ~~ - © 1 Reading skills In pairs, describe the painting. In what ways does it symbolize dreams? b In groups, discuss these questions. 4 Look at the pictures A-D. They all symbolize common recurring dreams. What do you think each picture could symbolize? 2 Do you have any idea what the dreams could mean? © Read this article on dreams. Match the pictures with paragraphs 2-5, Alhe meaning of dreams + Most people do not realize that dreams take up about 25% of the night's sleep, and each dream period lasts {rom five to 20 minutes. There is no doubt that dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be Correctly interpreted — and that is a big “i” - we can come to understand ourselves better. Hare, we look at four common dreams and what they potentially symbolize. 2 This dream has both positive and negative connotations. On the positive side, the dream may ‘express a strong desire to travel and get away from ‘everyday routine. it can also be interpreted as a Powertul desire to achieve, to literally be a high fier in life. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent an inferiorty complex, which the dreamer attempts to escape from by iterally and physically putting themselves up above others. Those left below can only look up and admire the dreamer. Although this isa traditional symbol of health and vitality, like the frst one, ittoo can suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominant emotion. By running hard, the creamer can Possibly escape the threat. However, they can also ‘stumble or worse stil stop moving altogether. This makes the fear even more teritVing. One possible interpretation suggests that the person is under pressure in thei everyday lfe. Another view attributes the dream to feelings of guitt about something the person has done wrong in their fe, ‘In this dream, the person is often standing on a high, ‘exposed place such as on the top of a tower, the edge Cf a cliff, or on the side of a mountain, The overwhelming feeling changes from anxiety to a loss of Control. There is nothing to stop the person, and the feeling as they go over the edge can be horrfyingly real. Fortunately, just before hitting the ground, the dreamer ‘awakens with a sense of enormous relief. This dream invariably suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing Control and has a fear of failure or even death. § This symbol is associated with fear and embarrassment: suddenly the dreamer loses all power (of movement. They try hard to move their arms and. legs, but they simply cannot. Frozen in a tertying situation with no escape, they become more and more temfied as the seconds go by. Another frequent context for this dream i faling to do something in public, often something which you are normally very good at, such ‘as your job. Not only s this extremely embarrassing, but t also shows a deep-seated phobia of lasing a job and a ivethood. 7 Match the dream quotes with the paragraphs in the text. a Tho wind is pushing me and | slip. There's nothing I can do b [Link] see their laughing faces... laughing at nothing can hold onto. mo. But they aren't as smart. If they were, they'd be up here flying with me! Q ¢ I'm sweating and my heart is beating. I'm trapped ... trapped in my own bed Q 4_T'm moving fast now, but i's stil behind me. Doesn't matter how fast Igo, I stll can't escape. C) Unit 1 Bar ‘The mind2 Vocabulary: emotions ‘a Complete the table with words about feelings. Use the text and a dit Noun Adjectivets) teva tembed. | ternbyng fear a 3 guilty 4 anxious 3 horrifying 6 relieved 7 ° Verb leraty 2 (Sea aii Cea eae hhorify relieve ombarrass bb In pairs, describe a situation where you felt one or more of the emotions in the table above, Don't mention the feelings — can your partner guess which feelings you ‘experienced? 3 Listening skills @ 4 Liston to two people taking toa psychiatrist about «recurring dream. What happens in the dreams? 1G)» Liter again. Wick pctse fon Boris 1b prea ip dreams discussed? © In pairs, turn to the audioss toxt in Exercise 1c as a guide. 1. What do you think the speaker’s problem is jpt on page 146 and analyze the second dream. Use the 2 What clues are thore to what this problem might be? 3. Sum up your analysis. What advice could you give to the client? 4 Grammar: vague language @ What is the difference between the sentences in A and those in B? A Why don’t you come around seven? Itmade me feel kind of down, Can you got mo a cola or something? We had a couple of drinks. stayed in, watched TV, and stuff like that. Excuse me, I think there might be a mistake in the bill. b_Acommon feature of spoken English is “vague language." This is @ useful device that allows the speaker to give the right amount of information in a situation. Find a reason below for the use of vague language in each of the sentences above, ‘Being precise might be socially inappropriate. b ‘The speaker doesn’t know or can't remember a word. © The exact words or details are not necessary in the circumstances. 4 The spoaker wants to lessen the impact of something, often an emotion. The speaker doesn’t want to put pressure on the listener. ¢ Does your language use the device of “vague language?” Ifso, give some examples. ‘Come at ten past seven. felt depressed. Got me a cola, please. ‘We had three beers and a whisky. | stayed in, cooked dinner, washed the dishes, fed the cat, and watched TY. Excuse me, this bill is wrong. 7 Can you pass the stapler, please? 4 The examples below of “vague language” come from the listening in Exercise 3. Why do you think vague language is common when describing dreams? Thore are, like, around six interviewers I've kind of rehearsed everything . a little nervous, you know ‘nd then they start whispering to each other and laughing and ail that, 5 Speaking skills Work in pairs. Student A: Describe a bad dream you have had (oF make one up). Student B: Imagine you are a psychiatrist. Explain your partner’ dream and give them advice on < | LeisureLooking at text cohesion 1 Defining text cohesion ‘@ Look at these two texts. Which is easier to read? Why? “The effects ofthe sun are not always positive It ‘keeps us warm, UVA rays are harmful and other rays are important for growing things. Global warming, and UVB and if there was no sun there would be no life on earth. The sun’s rays are harmful. ‘Without the sun there would be no life on earth. However, the effects of the sun can also be ‘harmful. Take for example, two cases: global ‘warming and the harmful sun rays UVA and UVB. b When people write, they use “linkers” which signpost the direction a text moves in. Texts are also made “coherent” by the content and the style that they are written in. Another common, device is “ellipsis” - leaving out words and phrases to avoid repetition. Finally, grammar and vocabulary is used to order and connect ideas and to refer back to. All of these devices help the reader. Look at the two texts above ‘again and talk about what made them easier or ‘more difficult to read. DEVELOP YOUR LEARNING 2 Examining text cohesion @ Inpairs, answer these questions. 1 Do you ever wear sunscreen’? When?” 2. Why is sunscreen important? bead the information about sunscreen and underline anything new that you learn. ‘A good sunscreen helps to block the harmful UVA and UVB rays of the sun. Each one has a sun protection factor (SPE) that is equal to the amount of time you can stay in the sun without burning, Very pale-skinned people burn easily ‘5 so they should use a very high SPF or a total sunblock. ‘Wear sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 every day. You should even wear it on cloudy days and when you don’t pplan on spending much time outdoors. If you are going to be outside fora while, apply sun protection every two ‘© hours and reapply it afer swimming. Ifin direct sun, wear ‘a sunscreen with a higher SPF, like SPF 30, Sunscreens help; however, they are not the complete answer to the problem. As the sun's rays are strongest between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., you should avoid spending a lot of time “= outside during this period. And wear long-sleeved shirts, Jong pants or skirts, a sunhat with a brim and sunglasses ~ shese all help to keep you safe from the sun, ‘Ke review RA Review your action plan: writing a biography ‘a Exchange and read your partner's autobiography. Make rates on the following: 1 How ntoresting/un isit? 2 Ave the paraareoh divisions logical? 3. Do the ideas flow well within paragraphs, and from one paragraph to the next? “4 How corract i the use of language? 1b Inpars, tal about your biographies and try to help ‘each other improve the writing, © Now answer these questions about the text. 1. Which tenses are used in the text? Why? 2. What do these words reer to: one fine 2}; they (ine 8): it ine 7) fine 10) and these (ine 17). How do you know? ‘9. There ae eight references to sunscreen: ‘sunscreen, ane, suntan lotion, sunscreen, i, sun protection, it and sunscreen. Why it refered to in ferent ways? “4 How many words can you find related to sun, using sunscreen, and timo? ‘5. How do these words help cohesion? So fine 8}; however fine 12) As fine 13) {6 Compare these sentences. Why did the writer prefer to use the first one inthe text? ifn drect sun, wear a sunscreen with a higher SPE 'b fyou are going to be in drect sun, you should wear a sunscroen witha higher SPF 7 How do the devices above help to hold the text together? 3 Applying cohesion to a text ‘The following toxt was written by an elementary level English student and there are a number of problems withthe text. Rewrite it using all that you have learned about cohesion. Sunburn iS ver: vous. Thave very bad sunburn ence. 1 was ‘on vacation wah Ni eae Sun was very lot That's why I went J went Snorkeling. 1 Fore forgot about Hime. 1 Was SWwimmng around and I was, Tia gral ne feats a crt| See tout of the water. I apphed the sunscreen. _A sunscreen wes SPF 25. iy skin was very ved my skin was alse was ver. [iss ena ee mreeey ee eens Read the text on page 150 and mark examples ofthe folowing cohesive devices: pronoun references, linking words le 50, but, etc., repetition of words and synonyms, vocabulary related tothe main topic, and alipsis.. Note: you will need to show a classmate your examples atthe end of Unit 4 Leisure | 3s | Unit 3| ol Y ah Review 1: Units 1-3 ‘a. Rewrite the second sentence so it means something similar to the first. Use the word in parentheses and between two and five words. Do not change the word in parentheses. 1 “I'm sorry, I didn’t mean to upset you,” he said (apologized) He hor Please, please, go and see a doctor,” he said to his wife, (urged) He to soe a doctor tering the empty house at midnight filled her with porror, (terrified) She was the empty house at midnight The court did not believe he was innocent of his wife's murder. (guilty) The court found nis wife 1 can't wait to see my children again He his children again. Expand these notes to make complete sentences. 1 Hil / We dolighted / soe / you / here 2 Sorry, I'm busy. // anxious / complete / report / on 3 Yesterday, my teacher / advised / me / work f on m pronunciation 4 My parents / Jet / me / marry / girl / Tlove 5 We/ hope / have / time / for / short vacation / soon Complete this conversation with suitably vague expressions (e.g. kind of/sort of, or something, things like that). A: Hi! Sit down, Shall I get you a drink or B: No, thanks, I've already enough; I had drinks at the bar Yeah, mustn't overdo it when you're driving, it makes yous of dizzy Yeah, I'm already feeling a 4 drowsy Yeah, let's stay in and order some fast food; there's a good takeaway ~ they do pizza and 5 like that Complete the second sentence in these pairs of sentences so it has a similar meaning to the first 1 I started this keep-fit course a month ago and I'm still onit. ve been You shouldn't swim in the ocean here because it’s not allowed She finds it impossible not to chew her fingernails. She can't The phone rang just when he was trying to finish his assignment. In the middle of I'm irritated by a lot of her habits. She has a lot of© Complete the following sentences with the or the zoro article. 1 Sho has quite an abnormal interost in supernatural 2 Which of Ganary Islands is your favorite 3 I don't think we do enough fo Jeaf and hard 4 She got a job in theater, but not as an actress 5 Violent shows on TV should be banned £ Read this text and put the verbs in parentheses into an spropriate form of the passive. TV then and now Television 1 (develop) in the early 20th conta but the first pictur (present) by Baird in 26, Since then, our lives 3 (transform) by th presence of TV in our living rooms. How does TV wor TV camera 4 analyze) by along each line are converted into electrical signals. The technology of TV has evolved enormously, and i 8 Read this story and choose the correct form of the verb. They decided to give up and go home. It 1 was / had boen a long night. They 2 waited / had been waiti around at the airport for Spolsky to arrive with the money, but after they 3 were / had been there for three decided he wasn't going to The plane had been delayed by bad weather ov g non-stop in hours, they 4 were deciding ved / had boen snowin Moscow. It 5 was sno: ast 24 hours. Moscow for th 1h Choose the correct feeling from the box for each situation. anxiety nt 1 You've Jone something wrong. I's on your You wanted to achieve something but didn’t man 3 You said something dumb and you feel you want to hide 4 You don't like going to the dé something unpleasant may hap) tist. You think ak in public; t There's no way you're going to ery thought is a nightmaro i_ Fill in the gaps with words or phrases connect sleep. Last night it must have been about thre =I woke up. I don’t usually 1 iddle of the night, but just lately I've beon suffering but I just call al problem, it's from what my doctor calls 2 sleeplessness, I don't think it's a me just that I have this habit of having a littl the afternoon — just a few minutes ~ but it does seem to make it difficult to & at night. My doctor prescribed 5 ut Pim terrified of taking stuff like that — I'm afvaid I might accidentally take too many and never wake up again, j. Which is the odd one out in the following sets of words? 1 beach resort skiing cockroaches trekking 2 kidnap blackmail mug sightseeing 3 burglar travel agent thief hijacker 4 malaria exhibitions food poisoning diarrhea 5 sunstroke sports noisy room _ price hikes 6 budget luxury villa hotel chain islands 7 Moditerranean climate Central Europe hot and humid changeable 8 ata festival in the north-west of the country ‘on the borders of Peru _ in jun 9 inthe Indian Ocean dry and rainy season mostly tropical in the north temperate in tho south 10 wi jusement park no heat anized tours er sports al(3 Relationship eT Leaving home 1 Reading skills ‘In groups, discuss these questions about your country. sally leave home? 1 At what age do people nor 2. What reasons do people give for leaving home? 3. How do parents react when their children tell them they want to leave? Leaving home? The My parents and I have been through some very rough times. [ daughter's viewpoint loved them, but was often very angry with them, because they were very possessive. My mom complained that I didn’t belp around the house, and dad claimed I spent more time thinking ‘about boys than studying. But my grades were always okay—I did get into college after all! I know they love me, but I need to move away and discover myself. But anyway, that was in the past. 'm ‘going to college after the summer, which they're happy about, but the refuse to let me leave home. They argue that it would be too expensive. | know that it’s hard for them, One day my mom let slip that she would have to take another part time job to pay for me to live away from home. I know they don’t hat much money and they would need to make sacrifices to send me away to college, but [ argued that could get a part-time job to help support myself—1 said I hal to find a job. My dad insisted that if was going to go to college, itwas to study and not to work. Then they told me that they bad received the paperwork needed for financial aid the day before and they promised they would fil iin the next day. But they still haven't done it. One day I got so angry that I hreatened to leave anyway and told them that | didn’t need their stupid belp. Yo sure it'll be okay in the end and they will help me. Afterall, it's not justa financial issue—it’s emotional, too. GLOSSARY ‘grant money from the government or an organization to pay for part/all of your studies Unit 4 Hi Relationships. Why do some young people stay with their parents? Read thoso two difforent views of leaving home — ‘one from an 18-year-old girl and the other from her parents. Make notes to answer these questions, ‘What problems do the writers face in each case? What foolings do they express about the situation? 1 2 3. What facts do they uso to support their opinions? ‘Almost all young people and their parents will one day have to face facts —it’s time to leave and it’s time to let go. It’s potentially a very stressful time for everybody, but it can be made much easier by simply talking about it. Julia Stark is 18 and wants to leave home, but her parents would prefer her to stay at home for now. The parents’ viewpoint We never imagined that our little girl would want to leave home so soon—she had filled our lives for 18 years. Before you have kids, you're used to having your freedom and cling what you like, but you give up so much—social life, vacations, those litle luxuries, everything, Our love for her has always been unconditional and although there have been a few Aifficulties over the years, we could never complain about Julia, She's a lovely girl ‘A few months ago, she calmly announced that she was going to college: Of course, we're really proud. of her. But then she said that she though it would be better to g0 aweay to college. We asked her ifshe was intending to pay for that—we just don't have that kind of money. Itwas 1 shock, but we promised to think about it. We discussed how we could find the extra money to send her away, butit was just too difficult. Sowe sugggested she find a college here in her hometown and stay with us; it would save usa lot of money and, of course, it would be ‘great to still have her company, Julia seemed to accept that at first, but then one day she just exploded. Se said that she refused to stay at home and that she was going 10 leave the following weekend. Bil, my husband, told her to calm down and said that she sould Uisien, but she was really angry. We asked ber bow she was going 10 support herself and she said by getting a grant and also by working if necessary. Her dad warned ber that that would affect her grades but se assured us that she was old enough now to take responsibility for bersel. In the end we all calmed down and we promised! to help and of course we will. But you know, I don't think Julia really knows what financial sarifices this will mea2 Speaking skills USEFULLANGUAGE = a In groups, decide what Julia and her parents should do. Take into account iecieeaiiaee everybody's viewpoints and their feelings and come up with @ workable solution. — | joel. hut/bucause b Discuss your views as a class, What is the best solution for this situation? hap cal ty. If Julia stayed ot home for the first year, she ‘could I think they should ing. “ 3 Listening skills Listen to « conversation botwoen Julia and her parents and answer thes questions. 1 How is their solution the same and how is it different from your group's ideas? 2 What factors allowed them to make the decision? 8 To what extent was their decision a good one, do you think? 4 Grammar review and extension 5 Writing skills reported speech ‘4 Look atthe sontences in italics on the problem page. Change them into direct speech. b Use the sentences to discuss the rules for changing tenses, modal verbs, and adverbs in repo speech. Can you find any other examples problom pago? Check your answers with the Grammar summary con page 46, 4. There aro times when you do not need to change tenses in reported spoech. Match the examples (13) with the reasons (a-c) for not changing the tonse. 1A nthe ‘The sun is 15 million kilometers away from cour Earth, B: Did you hear that? She said the sun is 15 million kilometers away from our Earth! 2A: Hey, Claire, I'm soeing Charlie this evening, B: Amy told me she's soeing Charlie this evening 3 At [first realized the problem after I came out of the army. Bi He said he'd first realized the problem after he came out of the army. 4 When the reported verb follows a time ‘conjunction such as when, after. 'b Whon we report something that is always true, such as the laws of science. ¢ When we report an action that is still true or is. still going to happen when we speak. © Complete these sentences in reported speech. Decide whether to change the tonso or not, and give a reason. 1 “We're going to soe Swan Lake next Saturday evening.” Jane told me yesterday that they ae gang bo se “Swan Lake” next: Sabwrlay evening. The ackon 6s sell gang to happen. 2. “I'll give you your money back tomorrow, honestly! Poter promised a week ago that. only understood advanced Math when the new professor started.” Karina said that. 4 “Men and women are physiologically totally different!” ‘The presenter insisted that 5 “Tl call the manager if you don’t put that ‘Tshirt back right now.” ‘The store assistant said @ Some time later Mrs. Stark wrote this lottor to Julia, How have circumstances changed? Dear Julia, T'm glad you're having a geod time, but I can't fell you how much 1 miss yous The house. has felt empty since you left. Your dad seems kind of depressed, too. T Ve kept your room exactly as m case: you! decide to come back. it was just All your Friends miss you. Remember Pete Dove? J te.’ always asking about you e's just gotten a new job with an accounting firm, and bis mom tells me he’s doing well. He Iwes with bis mom ‘and dad and he has money te Spare. Listen, Julia. I Know you're finding it difficult to manage financially, and frarlely, 50 ave We T've asked around and I'm sure we can find you a job at ene of the big department stores downtown. If would make, things much easier. Se why don’t you come, bene? if you do, 1 i let you have the money I've been keeping i” the bark for you all these years. Lots of love and kisses, wom bb Imagine you are Julia, Write a short latter to your mom, Tell her what you feel about her letter, what you think about her suggestions, and what your own plans are Exchange letters witha partner. What would you think about the lettr if you wore Julia's mom? Relationships Unit 4[eyes Battle of the sexes personal qualities ‘@ Look at the personal qualities below and circle any that you do not know. Check the meanings with a classmat a dictionary, or your teacher. 1 aggressive 8 compliant 2 good negotiation skills 9 moody 3 risk taker _ 10 easily upset 4 insecure 41 decisive 5 protective — 12 jealous _ 6 intuition 13 spatial awareness 7 nurturing 14 verbal reasoning b In your opinion, do these qualities apply more to one sex than the other? Mark the words and phrases above as “M’ (masculine), “F” (feminine), or “MF” (both). In pairs, compare your choices and discuss your reasons. 2 Reading skills ‘a Look at the stereotypes given in the headings of the article below. In your opinion, are these statements trus or false? b_ Now read the article and check if your opinions reflect the facts. Read the article again, Which differences between men and women are biological and which are the result of the way society treats people? d In groups, discuss the information in the article. Think of ‘examples you know which support or contradict the text. {) Gender differences: myth and reality oo 4 We all have views on the differences between the sexes. Some are based on our socio-cultural = views of how men and women should behave and what their roles should be in society. Other views are more subliminal and may well be based on prejudice and social “training.” ‘So, are there any hard facts? Research has shown there are, and some of the results contradict the popular stereotypes that surround the sexes. are more successful Menare better at sports Men are more aggressive Womenare the weaker Men have greater spatial at school than boys. than women. than women, sex physically. awareness than women. Generally girls develop __Ingeneral, men are taller _‘Itseemsmen are more Biologically, men, in fact, _It seems that men find it physically and mentally and heavierthan women, aggressive physically and seem to be the weaker sex. _ much easier to visualize much fasterthan their and in sports, they tend to verbally, and enjoy taking On average, men and deal with spaces, the male counterparts. Gils outperform women in Tisks more. Some experience heart attacks position of objects, relative are better at verbal strength and speed. researchers challenge the ten years earlier than heights, and dimensions. communication than boys, However, research notion that the male women. Symptoms also _Inatest involving a three- and they tend to be much’ suggests that, while ‘gender is more aggressive, vary by sex: women dimensional mechanical more careful about running speeds for both while others assert that experience shortness of apparatus, only a quarter researching and recording male and female athletes aggression is the primary _breath, fatigue, and chest __of the women could information. They also read haveimproved steadily indicator of masculinity or pain. In adulthood, men _perform the task better much more than boys. As _ through the twentieth femininity. tis afact, have greater vulnerability than men. itis as well to result, they are more likely century, women have however, that more men toviralinfections anda remember that atleast to succeed in exams. improved much more than than women are convicted shorter average lifespan. some of the women could However, despite their men. The same was found for crimes, especially perform the task as well as success at school, girls for athletics, swimming, _crimes of violence. Some the men, and itisn’t face much wider and cycling. Ithas been researchers explain this by recorded if any men were discrimination when they predicted that, provided saying its simply a matter, actually worse than the start theirworking lives. there is no dramatic change _of biology, whereas others, women, inour cultural if, sex claim that itis a result of differences in sports might _ the way we organize the disappear by the middle of gender roles in our society. this century. Unit 4 | ao | Relationships3 Grammar: conditional conjunctions ‘@ Wo use a number of conjunctions to express conditions. Look at this example from the article and then substitute provided with the conjunctions in the box, making any changes necessary. (Road the Grammar summary on page 46 if necessary.) . provided there is no dramatic change in our cultural life, sex differences in sports might disappear by the middle of this century. in (the) ease(@) whore in the event that onthecondition that only if providing thet so long as unless 2 LANGUAGE NOTE ‘As with all conditionals, the two clauses can come in either order with no change in meaning ‘Sex differences in sports might disappear by the iiddle of this century provided there is no dramatic ‘change in our cultural life. Use the phrase even ifto say that one situation would not affect another: I would love you even if you left home. b Complote these statements about a successful marriage, 1 Th man should have equal responsibility for the cooking unless ;nors need the family 3. Tho man will have responsibility for the family finances, so long as 4 In the event of the marri responsibility for the c 5 Children of both sexes will be brought up in exactly the same way, provided that 6 Both partners can spend freely from the family bank account, on the condition that failing, ¢ In pairs, compare your statements and discuss what you think about them. Ba 4 Pronunciation: onomatopoeic words 4 Onomatopoeic words sound like their meaning, for oxamplo, animal sounds. In English, dogs “say” woof, cats meow, and ducks quack. What do these animals “say” in your language? b Other groups of words make us think of certain sounds, usually because the words start or include the same clusters of sounds. What do these groups of words have in common? Try to match them ‘with their approximate meanings below 1 splash, spluttr, spray, sprinkle 2 sigglo, pratt, titer, tattle clatter clink, clip, cop whack, wheeze, whistle, whizz, the sound of metal or something sharp and hard the sound of water or liquid the sound of air moving 4 light and insubstantial sounds made by humans, often repeated © Look at the ttle of the poem below. Which group of sounds do you think will be in it? Road and listen to the poem and answer the questions. 1. What is the author saying about the differences between men and women’s talk? 2 What do you think the words in jtalic mean, roughly? Check your answers on page 148. 3 Do you think this poem was written by a man. ‘ora woman? Why? Men Talk by L. Lockhead Women rabbit rabbit rabbit ‘Women tattle and sitter ‘Women pratile Women waffle and witter Men talk Men talk ‘Tiivia and small talk ‘They yap and they babble Men talk Men «alk ‘Women gossip women giggle Women niggle niggle niggle Men alk. Relationships [a | unit 4 ‘Women into girl talk about women’s trouble1 Speaking skills a Look at these quotes. What is love compared to in each case? 1 Love's a disease. But curable. (Rose Macaulay) Love is compared to an illness. 2 Love conquers all things. Except poverty and toothache. (Mao West) ‘To fall in love is to create a religion that has a fallible god. (Jorge Luis Borges) 4 Love is simple to understand. I's a crutch, that’s all. (Norman Mailer) 5 Love is the only weapon we need. (H.R.L Sheppard) 6 Love is like quicksilver in the hand. Leave the fingers open and it stays. Clutch it and it darts away. (Dorothy Parker) b In pairs, complete this sentence with at least four different definitions of love. Try to give different types of definition, eg. romantic, funny, cynical. Love is .. ¢ Asaclass, discuss your definitions. Which are the best / tho funniest / the most romantic / the most cynical? 2 Vocabulary: love and attraction a In groups, look at those phrases about love. Check that you understand their meanings. * to fall in love to fall for someone to be fascinated by someone to have a crush on someone to be infatuated with someone + toadore someone to bo fond of someone + to care for someone * to worship someone + to be devoted to someone * tobe head over heels in love with someone Unit 4 wi Relationships a 'b Discuss the phrases in Exercise 2a. 1 Which are the strongest expressions of feeling? 2 Which are the weakest? 3 Which refer to enduring love? © Rewrite these sentences using the word in parentheses. 4. When [first met you, I quickly grew to like you. (fond) 2 Later, [felt a very strong attraction to you. (Fell) 3 Then, [couldn't stop thinking about you. (infatuated) 4 Iwas totally charmed by you. (captivated) 5 Iwas completely in love! (head) Listening skills ‘a Answor these questions from your own knowledge and experience. 4. What is falling in Lovo like? 2 What are the symptoms of being in love? 3 How long does the feeling of being in love last? 4 What happens as the magic of love fades? 5 Why doesn’t love last longer? b Listen to the first part of a radio show. Take notes ‘on what the speaker says about the questions in Exercise 3a, © Before you listen to the second part of the program, discuss this question. What is the secret of lasting love? How can we make the feeling of being in love last longer? Listen to the second part of the show and check (// the best summary. Love lasts longer when: 1. we get rid of the differences between men and women. ‘we recognize and accept the differences between men and women. the differences between men and woman are only trivial. 24 Reading skills ‘a Read this text and answer the questions. 4. Where would you find the toxt? 2 Whois it addressed to? 2. What is the purpose of the toxt? 4 How does it try to persuade the reader? 5 Isit effective, do you think? b Answer the questions about your ideal partner. Then compare your answers in pairs. © Discuss these questions. 1. Would you look for a partner who is similar to you oF someone who complements you? 2 Do you think a questionnaire is a good way of finding a partner? 3. Would you ever fill in one of these forms? Why?/Why not? 4 What other ways do you know of meeting your “idoal partner? Loveline Find your dream partner now! Why is itso difficult to find a partner nowadays? More and ‘more people around the world are marrying when they are much older or not marrying at all. Yet there are milions of people keen to find a regular partner. But men and women say the same thing: | can't find anybody who fits my picture of the ideal partner. 'm beginning to wonder whether I'l always be alone. f you would like a love story of your own, someone to love and care for, and you are beginning to wonder where you can find that special person, why not join Loveline? Just take a few minutes to complete the following questionnaire What would your ideal partner look ike? Bui Hair tye and color: Height Eye color: What would they be like? Check the characteristics that best describe them. ‘8 good-looking 10 reliable 11 adaptable 42 funny 18 faithtul 14 ambitious 15 sensitive 16 other (please lst) 1 affectionate 2 serious 3 considerate 4 financially successful 5 romantic 6 fashionable T practical 8 traditional oe Q © Qo Q o O©G6000000 5 Speaking skills aD i into groups of all men or all women. Compare your list of characteristics that you ‘would look for in an ideal partner. How similar ae your lists? How much is that due to the fact thai you are men or women? Decide on the five most important characteristics for your group. {As aclass, compare your lists. 1 Make alist ofthe most important characteristics thatthe men in the class look for in a woman. 2 ‘Then make another list ofthe most important things the women look for in a man. 3 Are there any major differences? If so, what ‘accounts for these differences? If not, why do you think the men and women in your class share the same views? “We found ein) RN »So can you.” ang a RS ee What would they be interested in? Check the fields below. wining and dining going to bars sports and keeping fit poltios and history reading traveling science and technology mixing with fiends classical music pop and rock music jazz and fok musio movies theater the ants (painting, ballet, tc) ‘TV, radio, staying home with DVDs pets and arimals looking after children plants and flowers Computers and other new technologies other (please list) Sooroasons Relationships | 3s | Unit ©OOGOOOOGHDOGOOGOOG0OWarm up 4 An informal survey was carried out to ind out how people in a lonely situation managed to make friends. Read what they said and check (g/) the actions you have tuied in the past bn pairs, read the stratogios again and mark each one “E” (excellent advice), "R” (ceasonable advice), or “T" (terrible advice). Say why you marked them in this way. 1 Ltook evening clases 50 I could meet new people. Ithelped having a common interest tortlk about, too. people at school, in clubs, and on eee Tins 2 Tmacle myself go to all the parties I could and talked to as many people as I could, It was become more limited, and rese Meee a role tucichelped me elie ees cece el sss ‘overcome my shyness and meet people Cee 3 Larived ata party once, not knowing ee ne? anybody an feng nervous sha It worked. a 4 tried being very friendly and giving my phone number to a lot of people, just 10 see what would happen. 5 1 just tried to relax and be myself! I'd always worried about my image, but when [realized it was making me look silly, just decided to 6 T'd been chatting to this girl the whole evening when I suddenly realized 'd been doing all the talki it was a disaster. When I stopped talking and It was pure nerves and. started listening, I made lots of new friends. 7 Iwas told that being positive and enthusiastic about life helps, so from then on Lavoided complaining about things. That was the most important step for making new friends. 8 The best advice I've ever been given on ‘making friencls was when someone said If you feel friendly towards someone don’t be afraid to show it.” That advice changed my life 9 Te found that it helps to impress my new acquaintances with my experience and Kfiowledge. So, for example, if you drop the ‘names of important people you know, it usually impresses people 10 Iputan ad in a magazine describing myself twas printed five times before I got a reply But I wasn’t put off by it. I's a good way to make friends and it worked for me gies for making friends? Choose the top three or add your own. aclass, © Which are the best stra Discuss the strato Unit 4 ou RelationshipsProfile 1 Tm a veal fon of az2 and blues and go to 2 Task Name: Colin Fecle GMB reguaey. As a shudent of Ark His, I Major Act tistory ce ete fe at elias crcl mteiires Wt - puls'me eff is people who show off obcut ‘4 Look at the profiles of six first-year university students. Find things you have in common with these people. Which ones do you think ‘you'd get along with and why? art, you know, pretentious types who use big words to mpress yeu Something else. J Len't stavd is people who go to bors St fo got die 14's no big deal people have: a drirk ov we, but Iden’ see why | b Can you predict who will become | ..jettheesteniel: Aewetied sallanis 0 goss tive. tae iene ieee ef fine fom the information In fiwking ef joing the meuntaweering chi here because I alse like: adventure the profiles? 3 Prepare PY Profile 2 Um fascinated by that mates people tice. I don't Note down your answers to the task in. SPM Name: Any Chang Jhoge people on their aegearances, So | don't care Exercise 2b and any reasons for your Major: Prychotogy about your hairstyle or your designer clothes choices. Appoint a spokesperson to an what's inside ie wich more interesting. | guess report your answers tothe clas. that's hy | chose Prychagy. And here at college U intend to sty bard at to play hard, too. Vian to get good grades, but | aio 4 Feedback waant to have « good time. Outside of school, Ube an active member of our local Chinese Present your results tothe rest ofthe cenmamity, and | fp to the meas at least once & nese, So yet see I ead « ful Me class. Liston and take notes on the aad Ike mest things, except theater and dogs answers other groups give. 5 Compare Profile 3 1 like sensitive, pracheal types. 1 Hike {@ Listen to someone reporting back Name: marisa, respect for the emiwerment is important, their answors to the task. Do you and 50 1 cotidn't get along with someone aagnee with them? who Hrs ebout making money ab all costs a Tie pwred the green Society because of my concerns for eur planet and because I like bowig cut inthe open ai, 1 Mink. Look atthe profiles and underline prchably come aeress as a Serius perser, bub I like: te have fur too~t love Ee Tikes and dislikes, and also peas ee ee peutel flings. Add any new (oie expressions to the table. Profile 4 | enjoy may own company and don't mind staying ins tes see aes retherie Aish into bath T or sien oing cut to the noes demise What puis is 10 bg Major: Cougar eseiaane | pial aon Omit eaiag achat: fon me oF deal # ‘Sam not against being with other people, | ust don't people is. mint to get too invohed in « reélationshie-but Sriendship is different, Vm in regular contact with Greg aad Anna, tno really cose Friends back hone. | love thenmthey are so much fun, Like | said, | don't go ont mech, ¥ apart from the novies. That's my passion and Vo prcbably going to secialize in CGI, yor know conmunter-generated imagery. It's « huge growth industry in move = i ehnelogy nowadays 1 chose this couse because: Tm intrigued by the big issues of cu tme and lke discussing Hem. 3 Hinde mone 15 whad rules the werld avd shapes listory. 1d like: to be: a Sieeefilaaate centre eee alriak Tmvnot some colchearted cepitalist 1 knew that in the end, it's not wba you own or wear that counts but the way you live, yeur lifes AS fer my sect He wel Die geet mschrofin mcrae tite Fm ego because I like cocking tor people-cocking is ene. of my big loves. 115 a great way to find out ebout other cullures. Profile 6 My interest 6 making may oun videos Name: Cheig Barver ‘int to be « hatter when fash | 7 Follow up Major: Cottaral Stndes my Stidies: | also have a huge colestion Write your own profile, 2 of wowes on DVD. | think Ih sociable using language from nd stk Sriends easily. Um 2A, aad Bxereise 6 and the 3 penne Sften joke abont: ay height, bt | don't mind. U have. «god sence examples inthis lesson as of humor and that's « good thing in a Friend, | like having fin with my Friends, a modol. Read each other's tut | quickly get bored with people who tac about themselves all the tine profiles and find things Life's about experiencing as much as you can, and for thet yon need to get you have in common ‘to know lots of sew people and to travel to other comtries Relationships Unit 4Grammar Summary | 1 Reported speech: review and extension Changes to tenses and medal verbs inn woop pee, iy "bacant ~meve ne tre or peta ns a Iepassed yr et so dpa is ong edo rst care te pas parc aang san Tey Sa hyd aed soon We changer mt ers can bt ok wad oe Suns cartes rch, oath Sinan coutnt ‘pan rer Ye should ne cot thn Ne shoud eo a co Me can rose in tans mist nat ere a mt Ie oer must 0919 soc Se sa cer smustinad ogo". cnangos to aaveros eu change asec mee nde Say te ne tho speaernan orn cays tomar» oe sh wo cl the nocd Simi wecherapacrerscfacetoinsctee pace | tho pair ves rng Weret re ran ere Tay sy hme he ren there When we don’t make changes There are some oicumstances in which we can choose not to change the tense ofthe verb in reported speech (but note that, in these cases, itis equally corect to backshit). ‘+ When wo report something that is always true, such as the laws of science or historical facts: The dinosaurs lived milo of years ago. -» He explained thatthe dinosaurs lived millions of years ago. ‘© When we report an action that i stil true ori stil going to happen. work at Siemens. -» He said he works at Siemens. (He stil works there) We're seeing Jenny this evening. » They said they’re ‘seeing Jenny ths evening, (Reported the same day.) In these cases, the time adverbs aso remain the same. ‘Compare this with the same direct speech reported a fow days later: We're seeing Jenny this evening. -» They said they were seeing Jenny that evening. ‘+ When the reported verb folows a time conjunction such ‘as whan, before, or after: | saw Jack just ater he got back trom Peru. -» She said she had seen Jack just after he got back from Per. Report each of these statements twice - the same day ‘and a week later. 1 speak to the manager tomorrow about your raise. 2. Simon's going to ask Elona to marry him tonight! 3. We've just seen Martin, and he looks awl 4 Your father was rushed tothe hospital yesterday evening, 2 Conditional conjunctions ‘There are a number of diferent conjunctions that we can use in, ‘addition to if in order to for conditional sentences. The most ‘common of these are: in the case af /in casas where, inthe event that, on condition that, ony if, proving provided (than), so long as, unless. They can al be substituted by i, orf not: In the event that / If the fre alarm sounds, everyone should leave the busing. You bo able to take the course providing/provided (that) /if the fees are paid by August 30th. Rewrite the sentences using the words in parentheses. 11 The bank agread to give the loan, but only ithe was in the black. unless) 2. She agreed to lend hrm her car if he brought it back the ‘same day. (as long as) 3. You can stay with us for the waak if you contribute to our ‘expenses. (on the condition that) 4 fyou see anything suspicious, call the poice.(n the event of) ‘5. He said he would accept the offer, but an increase in salary was essential. (provided that) Vocabulary Summary 1 Personal qualities ‘adaptable affectionate aggressive ambitious compliant considerate decisive easly upset faithful fashionable financially successful good-looking good negotiation ells insecure intutton jealous moody nurturing practical Protective rolable risk taker romantic sensitive serious Spatial awareness traditional ‘Are these qualities desirable in a friend, undesirable, ‘oF unimportant? Complete the table and compare with other students. Desirable Undesirable Unimportant 2 Love and attraction ‘© be fond of someone, care for someone have a crush on someone, fal for someone ‘eee fallin love with someone, be fascinated by someone wees be infatuated by ‘eveee be head over hoes in love wit, be devoted to, ‘worship, adore someone Look at these text messages from Louis to Gina and complete the descriptions. 41 “Helo Gna t was rice meeting you lastnight. Can see you again sometime?" Lous Gina. 2 “Dear Gin, ha a reat ime last right. | thought you looked beaut” Louis nas Gra. 38 “Dearest Gina, cat wait to see you again. Tomorrow?" Louis has. Gina 4 “Daring Gina, can't stop thinking about you. Hope you fet ‘the same.” Louis is, Gina. 5 “Sweater, you are the love of my ite! Pease be with me forever” Loui Gina 6 “My dearest love i's boon five years now and | stil fel the same. We're made for each other." Louis Gina. Unit 4 | as | RelationshipsDEVELOP YOUR WRITING Formal and informal letters 1 Making your writing appropriate Look at the letter of application. What is wrong with it ‘to wom tay concem itm tn ease he os or an ei rue your univers 1 Yt a nt nT Daly News and the conse Tots et Wel, Pa ke more infomation aout the prog. The a treted inthe foweek couse he na tell + Tthink it’ the one for me. Anyway, can YO ow much does it cost and tneatat more about Like ow may hours si? What soy ebut where Tbe sayin? Arc we SOE | ve usin accommo o wth loca ai in ‘with a family so Lean tits okay with you, rather sa Fintice ny Brash So, ha al for now, Tanks fo ree ly. Looking forward o hearin 8 3 12? Oh, es, can you tell ‘llthe best, Mareos 2 Organizing the structure Can you identity the two types of text opposite? bead the texts again and identity the different numbered stages in the texts. Write the numbers below. (Not all of the labels apply to both texts.) naming the reader / the greeting 'b responding to previous corespondence stating the reason for wating introducing the main topcls) of the text t 9 developing the main topic moving the text to a close the closing giving the writers name and/or sigrate QO © Now look at the language used in each text and ooocooco oocoooo complete the table. Informal feature Example | Contractions 10 better wnte Sto sntences 1 | Son simple words great, bad | Informal words/expressons been upto, that uy | Blipsis (eaving words out) 2. | ‘Spe connectors So, anyway | Formal feature Example Fultoms (am wating Long sentences 3 Longer, more formal words 4. Formal words/expressions 5. Complete sentences Formal connectors Review your action plan: looking at text cohesion Inpairs, tak about the examples of cohesive devices that Yyou found in the text on page 36. Text 1 1H, Mike 2 Thanks for the posteard, It was great to hear from you. Sounds lke you had a great time, ® Well, thought fd better write to bring you up to date on what I've been up to. Bad news, I'm afraid You know that guy | was dating? Wel, we spit up, tt wasn't realy working out, and in the end he told ‘me “he wasn't free" - whatever that means! So we decided the best thing to do was to calit a ay. Will, just have to forget about him, * Anyway, that’s al ve got time for now. | hope next time to have something more cheerful to say. Love, ® Saly Text2 * Dear Editor, 2 1am writing to protest about the article by Cart Sikin published in the last issue of your Sunday magazine supplement on June 22. S The article - Men make the best divers — was an insult to women. In addition to being highly sexist, | found the article to be poorly researched, badly written, and infuriatingly simplistic, How can somebody in this day and age say women are inferior drivers to men? “Mr Skin, although he is a highly regarded journalist, does not seem to have read any of the recent reports on the causes of auto accidents, which almost universally place the main responsibilty for deaths on the road on careless dfiving by men. it is @ wellknown fact that ‘women have far fewer accidents than men rivers, and this is supported by the lower rates, ‘women pay for insurance. ® Iook forward to reading more balanced articles in your magazine in the future, ® Sincerely, 7 Ms. J. Banner 3 Applying what you have learned Read the letter of application in exercise 1 again. Underline any features which you think are not appropriate for a formal letter. ‘Your action plan: formal and informal letters Rewrite the latter of application in Exercise 1. Add any futher information you think is necessary. Remember to keep it formalin style. Note: You will need to show a classmate the rewritten letter of application atthe endl of Unt 5. Relationships | | Unit 41 Reading skills dicine ‘a. Have you or has anyone you know ever suffered from back pain? Ifso, how did it happen and what did you/they do to get rid of the pain? bb You are going to read an article about curing back pain. In pairs, see how many of these questions you can answer, Then read the article and check your answers. 1. What are the main causes of back pain? What seems to be the best cure? 2. How are the majority of back-pain sufferers treated? 3. What are endorphins, and why are they good for the body? 4 5 Anew system of helj What proof is there that these pain clinics work? © Discuss these questions, 1. Does anything in the article surprise you? If so, what? 2. What edvice would you give a back-pain sufferer after reading this? Taming “Exercise may be the best antidote to chronic pain,” say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain, “People with chronic pain need to stop lying 5 around, go out more, and start “exercising.” Dheanstineavereneian? _ to acute pain is to stop moving « ind to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that ahisgs often 10 counterproductive, especially in the cease of backepaiit, shih after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful 18 backs now account for millions of days off work. Lumbar pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made 20 worse by a sedentary lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that itis more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain, Exercise 25 is essential. It releases endorphins, the body's “feel-good” chemicals, which ‘are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can 20 maintain an optimum level of endorphins in the body. Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed drugs rather than exercise. the Pain 26 The doctor will generally give patients one of two types of drugs: those which act locally on the inflammation, such as aspirin and paracetamol, and those which penetrate the brain and spinal 40 cord, such as morphine. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain persists, sufferers end up 4s taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs. “It’s crazy.” says Dr Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the ‘Study of Pain, “some of them are so taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors who have seen the problem only through their own specialty. I've just seen a patient who ‘was taking two drugs which turned 55 out to be the same thing under different names.” ‘A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have 60 undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their ‘medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical 6s activity by making them more physically and mentally alert. They have to be: the exercise programs can be surprisingly intensive, Unit 5 | as | Health and medicine 6 sufferers is “pain clinics.” How do they deal with back problems? In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises, followed by fan hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice tai chi, a Chinese system of calisthenics, sel defense, and meditation. This ‘compares with an average of two-and- achalf hours’ physiotherapy a week in a conventional hospital program. “The idea isto strengthen and to increase stamina, flexibility, and confidence,” explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. “Patients undergoing this therapy get ‘back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment.”2 Grammar: cohesive devices Look at the different highlighted sections in the article, How do the two parts in each color relate to each other? The highlighted soctions in the text show ‘examples of text cohesion. Look at the examples. of cohesive devices below and find one more 2 Substitution (of words/ The instinctive clauses/indefinite ‘reaction to pain isto stop articles with pronouns/ moving... this... lines 6-9); determiner/definite a family doctor .. (line 32); articles) The doctor... (line 35) 3 Using words and ‘headaches (line 12): phrases from the same tiredness (line 12); topic back pain (line 11) 4 Using the same «reaction to acute pain is grammatical forms to stop moving and to try to protect... (line 6) 5 Using linking words: ... protect the source of however, as well, so, pain. But it seems... because, in spite of, (line while... © In pairs, rewrite this text so that it sounds ‘more natural. bpunEuuEEE Ee what is the best way to prevent back injury? Tey these. things. These things ean | help people to averd back pam. | Back pan iS Yery common. Exercising is important. Te lose excess weight is important maintaining ture 15 important. Practice standing tall, wilh, your head up ad your shoullers back. Don't Slouch. Sit straight. Sleuching a a ee le ind. Slouching 1 bad fer Ee wv back " iti Keep your feet flat on the: floor. Keep your knees slightly higher than ye lps. 3 Speaking skills Look at thie problem and try to solve it by giving tonne good adios ary Peo isin his mid-40s and has been a truck driver forthe last 25 years He's had problems with his back for years, but recently the pain has been s0 bald that Harry hasnt boon able to work, Hes on the road @ lot and normally only takes breaks to fuel up and eat at diners. His great love is baseball, and he only misses his teams games on TV when he's on tho road. Liko many men, ho doesn’ like to talk aout physical or emotional problems and hates going tothe doctor. 4 Listening skills Ba Liston to Harry talking toa colleague about what he did about his back problem. How similar or differnt was his solution to your ideas? ABP Liston gain and answer those questions. 1 How many hours a wook does Harry drive? 2 How did the back pain make him feel? 3 What remedies did he try? 4 Which remedy cured his tion 5 Vocabulary: colloc ‘@ Certain adverbs and adjectives combine to form fixed collocations. Complete these sentences from the listening with an adverb from the box. completely deeply heavily highly painfully perfectly seriously totally 41 Tjust folt___ drained all the time. 2 This treatment is recommended. b- Match the remaining adverbs in the box with these adjectives. 1 aware 4 ill 2 criticized 5 incompetent 3 doprossed 6 ___ normal Now complete this text with adjectives from Exorcisos 5a and b, and check your answers to Exercise 5b. ‘Some years ago I had a condition called ME, which came after a period of intense stress. At the time, a lot of doctors didn't think this was a real condition, but I was far from well. In fact, was seriously 4 Twas really tired and felt completely 2 all the timo. It resulted in my becoming deeply 3 + and at one point, almost suicidal. I was seeing a doctor who came highly 4 . but I couldn't get along, swith him. Twas painfully 5 _ that he didn’t take my condition seriously, and I just got ‘worse. t tured out that he had behaved in the same way before, and he was heavily 6 by his colleagues, who felt that he was totally 7 Eventually he was dismissed and I started seeing another doctor, who was much Dotter. Within six months I felt perfectly 8____ again. It was such a relief! Health and medicine Unit 5Relax! 1 Reading skills a Make a list of the kind of situations in which you tossed. In pairs, compare your lists. iressed when Tam under pressure to get done a b Road the questionnaire and take the stress tes. Now work out your score, by adding up your ement and subtracting 20. It on page 149, score for each si Chock your re L the result? cuss your results. How far do you agree with a 2 Someone once said c “Youn t r i 3 You need enough tension in your violin string to A make music, but not so much that the string snaps.” ely do we that our string finally snaps, 5 etc ite a lot . So how are d out 7 by taking the following tesi i developed by two famou 9 psychol Lyle H. Mil and Alma Dell Smith, a 10 University Medica 1” a2 3 4 5 16 7 8 19 Rate each statement according to how true it is for you. avery trueforme 2= mostly true 3= partly true 4=notvery true 5 =notat all true leat at least one hot balanced meal daly. | get seven to eight hours sleep at least four_ nights a week. I give and receive affection regularly. I have at least one relative within 50 kilometers on whom | can rely. I exercise to the point of perspiration at least twice aweek. I smoke less than halfa pack of cigarettes a day. | drink fewer than five alcoholic drinks a week. ‘1am the appropriate weight for my height. learn an income adequate to meet my basic expenses. 1 draw strength from my beliefs. | regularly attend club or social activities. {have a network of friends and acquaintances, | have one or more close fiends to confide in about personal matters. Lam in reasonably good health (including. eyesight, hearing, teeth). 11am able to speak openly about my feelings when angry or worried. | chat regularly with people live with about domestic problems, e.g. chores, money and daily living issues. | do something for fun at least once a week. | am able to organize my time effectively. | drink fewer than three cups of coffee (or tea or cola drinks) daily. find quiet time for myself during the day.2 Grammar review and extension: adverbs and adverbials Adverbs and adverbials can express manner, place, time, frequency, and degree. Look at the ‘adverbs and adverbials in the box and put them. in the table. almost _athome brightly frequently immediately occasionally quite sleopily thoro yesterday once a week Manner Place ‘Time Frequency Degree b Look at the questionnaire again and underline all the adverbs and adverbials. Add one or two more examples of each type to the table. © Look at this sentence from the introduction to the questionnaire and answer the questions. Rarely do we get so stressed that our string finally snaps, .. 1 There are two adverbs in the sentence. Underline them and say what type of adverb they are. 2 What do you notice about the word order after Rarely and the verb that follows it? 4 Rowrite these sentences, putting the adverb (in italics) at the beginning. 1. We rarely see such forthright views in academic journals, 2. A doctor has never before done so much damage to the profession. 3 One seldom experiences such heightened lovels of stress in everyday life. 4 Doctors hardly ever recognized the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder before the 1970s 3 The profession had never seen such strong support for pain clinics. LANGUAGE NOTE Adverbs with a negative meening can be placed at the beginning of a sentence, Use do/di with simple prosent/simple past tense. Use have/had with present perfect/past perfect. 3 Speaking skills a Recognizing stress is the first step, but you still need to do something about it. In groups. make a list of things peoplo can do to manage stress. Now look at these simple suggestions taken from the Counseling Contor of Colorado State University-Pueblo in the U.S. Did you list any of these things? Control your environment and \who is around you. Reward yourself and relax. Get plenty of see. Be aware of stress signals. Eat a balanced diet. set teats for yourself. “Ty to enjoy each dy. ¢ In your groups, discuss the following, 1. What would doing these things involve? Can you think of an example for each one? 2 Have you tried any of these before? Which ‘one(s}? How helpful were they? 3. How many of these ideas are new to you? ‘Which do you think you might try if you were stressed? 4 Pronunciatior : expressing emotion (@ 4 Listen to these two students talking about being stressed. What is strossing them out? Listen again. What can you tell about the way they are feeling from their voices? Which student seems to be more depressed? How can you tell? ¢ In pairs, role-play a conversation between the second student in Exercise 4a and a friend. Student A: Follow the suggestions below. Student B: Look at the text on page 152. Friend [Ask your friend how he/she is doing. Listen carefully and encourage him/her to talk. Try to keep your intonation positive and offer positive suggestions for helping him/her with the situation, Health and medicine Js | Unit 5Dance of life 1 Speaking skills B & Listen to these six musical excorpts and write down the type of dance they represent bb Talk about these questions with a partner. 1 What's your favorite kind of music to dance to? 2. How do you feel just before, while, and just cfr dancing? 3 Do you prefer to dance alone, with a partner or with a big group 4. Why do you dance? (To relax, to make friends, as therapy. or another reason?) 2 Reading skills a Read these statements, Are they true or false? 1 Animals don't dance, 2. Dance therapy is something only human beings do. 3 Nowadays, we dance only for pleasur 4 Disco dancing is no longer popular. 5 Dancing is a kind of flirting, 6 Doctors consider dance therapy a waste of time. Read the text and check your answers. the dance of A writer's attitude is often not stated directly in words, but rather implied, In groups, look at these lines from the text and discuss the questions about them 1. Some dance groups I've seen could learn phythin from the birds! (Line 6 What doos the writer think about the dance ‘groups he has seen? 2... many “advanced” industrial societies, such as the U.S. ... (line 17) Why has the writer put quotation marks around advanced? What does he really think about U.S, society? 3... rave dancing which, at its best, involves shaking your body at a rave ... (line 20) Doos the writer think that “best” here means ‘good? How do you know? What is the effect of the following sentence in brackets? (Fwon’t even mention its worst!) 4... put off by therapies based on weird Oriental philosophies... (line 29) Does the writer fool positive o negative toward Oriental philosophies? How do you know? 1 Before children learn to talk, and without having seen anyone dance, they express happiness through simple rhythmic movements or what we later recognize as simple dances. And it's not only humans that dance—animals and insects dance as well. There are birds that actually Some dance groups I've seen could lear rhythm from the birds! dance as part of their mating rituals; i's a kind of fting Nevertheless, it s only human beings who have adapted dance to therapeutic purposes. Dance as therapy goes back a long time. A ~ E€ + tangle Can Ree eae ed " Bees: Unit 5 Ls | Health and medicine 10. Primitive peoples first danced by themselves instinctively and found, after awhile, that repeated rhythmic movements produced a good feeling, ‘Associations were formad between dance and this positive effect on the mind and emotions. This was the birth of dance therapy. Dance has always seamed to have a magic healing power. It was 19. used for a wide variety of purposes and on different occasions: religious ceremonies, war dances, hunting dances, rain dances, planting and harvesting dances, marriage and funeral dances. Sadly, today, many .dvanced' industrial societies, such as the U.S., have lost many of the functions connected to these older dances. They have been replaced, for example, with rave dancing which, at its best, involves shaking your body at a rave or nightclub. (| won't even mention its worst!) Even in these cases, however, the ritualistic and therapeutic effect of dance can stil be seen: the low lights, loud insistent rhythms, and group activty, often building up into a kind of mass hysteria or ecstasy. 25 But the “primitive” use of dance as therapy has recently seen a huge revival. Never before hs there been such interest in courses offering dance therapy. There are nearly two million websites for dance therapy on the Internet, and dance therapy graups around the world combine pleasure with health and well-being, People who may be put off 30. by therapies based on weird Oriental philosophies will eacily take to dancing every Saturday night. Dance therapy nowadays, in fact, is taken very seriously by both alternative and conventional medical practitioners. Itwould seem that the “dance af life" continues to move us alld_Asaclass, discuss these statements and find examples to support them or refute them. 1 Traditional dances are declining in my country. 2. Some parts of my county are better at dancing than others 3 Only the old know how to danc 4. Most peopl intorested in “modern” dances. n this classroom are more 3 Vocabulary: suffixes Look at these nouns from the text. Which words do they derive from? What is the suffix of ‘each word? movement association activity happiness b Write the nouns from Exercise 3a into the correct column of the table, Suffix ity -ness-_— (ion -ment ‘Nouns © Suffixes can be added to verbs, adjectives, and nouns. Write the words in the box in the correct column of the table in Exercise 3b, according to ‘which suffix can be added to them. Check your ‘attach develop express flexible forgetful meditate popular recognize replace serious sincere weak moscic Look at the words in the table. Which suffixes tend to be added to verbs? Which tend to be added to adjectives? Do you notice any patterns i the spelling changes to the base words? In groups, discuss dance therapy, or any other therapy you know, using some of the words from tho table Meditation is a popular form of therapy in some cultures. 4 Writing skills ‘@ Look at this Internet ad for a holistic vacation. Would you be interested in going? Why?/Why not? b Imagine you want to go on a Mosaic vacation, but you would like more information. In pairs, read the ad again and make a list of questions you would like to ask. Then decide on which are the ‘most important questions and in which order you ‘want to ask them, © Write an e-mail to Mosaic. Follow these steps. 1 Open the e-mail by saying how you found out about the vacation and express interest. 2. Ask the organizers for more information about the areas you listed in Exercise 4b, including duration, cost, and accommodation, 3 Close your e-mail by thanking the company in advance for their help. Exchange your e-mail with another pair of students. Read their e-mail and find the answers to their questions on page 149. Then tell them the answers. Health and medicine B itLesson 4 BPA Claneliies) Case notes on some * een ook ath names of leading alternative therapies these alternative therapies and pictues that ee accompany them. Wha 10y as being rian ta i fied into vertical and horizontal zones which conespong Aen to specific points on the feet and ‘hands. The right side of b In groups, discuss the the body is mapped on the ‘ight foot, and the lett side is following questions. {mapped on the left foot. In China and Egypt, it has been 1 Have you, or has anyone used for several thousand years. Refiexologists believe that you know, ever tried massage of the refiex points in your feet can be used to any of these, or other, {teat the corresponding parts of the body seals therapies? * Ailments: Reflexology s sed ts treat migraines, you bavaaner backache, sinus problems, and stress thoraples, which would * Teatment: Reflexologsts will sk you about your you be prepared to ty / and why? X 3 Ate there any you = would not try? Why? Ww * Evidence: Theres no hard evidence tat reterology Cures, but its effectiveness may lien its ability to help people relax. The Chinese system of medicine, of which traditional ‘2cupuncture is part, views health in terms of a balance Deween positive and negative eneray in the body the Yin and the Yang: the body is said to be healthy if these fence aren balance. Tiny needles are used to stimulate pointe {on fines of energy called “mericians,” which creulate the Body. Acupuncture is holistic because it treats the whole Person, getting to the underlying cause of symptoms * Allments: Acupuncture is used for a wide range of Conditions, including migraine, backache, and asthma Teatment: During a consultation, acupuncturists wil f ask about your medical history, emotions, habits, and lifestyle. They will feel your pulse and also examine, {047 tonaue in order to decide in which points of your body to place the needies. * Evidence: i's been around for thousands of years— evidence enough for many people. Several studies have shown it can relieve pain, Aromatherapy involves using plant essences, usually in amma 725258. 10 teat the mind and the body. These exert hs oils can also be inhaled or used in baths. The oils ae * eatected from various parts of plants and are highly Concentrated. They are diluted before use, * Ailments: Aromatherapists say that essential oils can help asthma, arthritis, depression, and high blood pressure * Teatment: Practitioners will ask you about your health and how you feel generally. They will then select Certain ols which they think are best for your Condition. They will mx a few drops into a vegetable oll and they will use thi to massage you. * Evidence: Massage has been shown to be good for you; It helps you relax and can also help relieve pain f and stress. Research has shown that smell lite Jasmine or lavender can also affect your mood. Heaith and medicine2 Task B a Devs rolexology work? Listen to three people who have tried reflexology and decide if each ciont was very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied, or not sure. Bb The interviewer asked each person the same questions Questions: Client 1 1. Why did you decide to try ‘an alternative therapy? 2. What was the difference between conventional and alternative treatments? 8. What dil the therapist do exactly? 4 Did it work? 3 Prepare @ Make notes individually on the anguments you personally found most convincing b Ingroups, compare your notes and collate th sum up the group's opinions on the main issues. € Docide exactly what your group will say to the other groups in the foedback stage. Then appoint a spokesperson to present your views. om to 4 Feedback Prosent your findings to the whole class. 5 Compare B) Listen to this discussion ofthe three interviews ‘where do the speakers agree with your conclusions? Where do they disagr 6 Notice B Listen again and notice the way the two speakers introduced their group's ideas. 41 Our group feels that... 2 We particularly found 3 Our group was also convinced by the idea that 4 Weeall agreed that. 5 The group also agreed that 6 Although our group agreed about almost everything, we were divided about 7 Some of us Felt that {8 The other half of our group agreed with this, but we felt that ith the basic idea 7 Follow up a Read the text about herbalism. Is the approach convincing? Would you try it? Is it something practiced in your country? bb Repeat the task in Exercise 4 but this time use the information about herbalism. Try to use the language from Exercise 6 when discussing your ideas. * Treatment: Practitioners will have Listen again and note the answers to the questions, Glient 2 Herbalism Plants and their extracts can ha Wve @ powerful (Gifecton the body. They have been used in treatment and prevention of illness throughout history. Some of our most popular drugs, like 2spirin, originated from ‘Medical herbalists believe that plants can help the body to heal > itself; many different Parts of the plant may be used: flowers, ‘stems, seeds, leaves, and foots. N's Jonns wore * Ailments: Herbalism is used fc ioral <= Sorts of problems, from allergies _ FA ~ ya 10 insomnia, and from digestive disorders to the common cold, an in-depth discussion of your ‘medical and personal history with you before beginning treatment. ‘You will be given plant extracts to take orally the type of extracts depends on ae health problems you Valerian Evidence: The long hist herbal ened srt enough, and some tals have shown that certain herbs can have a positive effect ‘on problems, for example insomnia and migraine, RE rnc Health and medicine Unit 5Grammar Summary 1 Cohesive devices Taxis ara more than a series of isolated sentences. They are hold together by structure and meaning, This system is called ‘cohesion, and two common ways of ensuring cohesion ina text {are the use of grammar and vocabulary: 1 We often repeat the same word or forms of that word within a text: Alternative treatments are becoming more and more ‘common. Practitioners ofthese therapies wil offen use ther {0 treat al kinds of problems 2 We use substitution of pronouns for nouns and clauses, determiners, etc. to avoid repetition and make a text hang together The doctor recommenced dance therapy; he fl hat this would help me to overcome 8. Using words and phrases from the same topic creates & cohesive feel to the text: Inthe modem word, elinical depression is only one form of ‘mental illness that has recenty been recognized; others inclid problems such 2s manic depression 270 ‘schizophrenia 4 We tend to use the same grammatical forms to make a text flow smoothly We were feeling drained and exhausted while he was behaving as though nothing had happened. 6 Linking words such as however, as wel, so, because, in ‘spite of, while all create connections which make a text hang together: The relexologist was a great halp. Nevertheless, | rnow | had a long way to go. Match the cohesive devices in these sentences with 1-5, ‘above. ‘a Toerris human, to forgive divine, 'b Criminal behavior ison the rise, and violent crime is increasing most rapidly. ‘© though scupunctursts tran fr years, they are not ‘considered “rea” doctors. [had a recurtence of eczema, which had been plaguing me for years. ‘@ Mary universities now accept proposals for research into the ‘opie by postgraduate students, 2 Abverbs and adverbials: review and extension Adverts and adverbials commonly express: 1 Manner, €.9. quiety, gant, carefull, resonttly. cynical drastically, excessively: ‘She looked around suspiciously. 2 Place, e.g. away, anywhere, there, downtown, unstars: | saw her sittng there / on a park bench. 3. Time, e.g, tomorrow, last week; now, nthe weeks to comer Later in the day, they practice t'a chi. 4 Frequency, €9. frequently, regulary, daly, rarely, seldom, somtimes, ance a wack: ‘Doctors frequently prescribe too many drugs. 5 Degree, e.g. quite, hardly, rather, completely, very, surprsingy, teribly: ‘The exercise programs can be incredibly intensive. ‘Some adverbs have a negative meaning, e.g. sadom, rarely, hardly ever, never, nowhere, no sooner. When we use these adverbs, tis possible to place them before the verb, using an auniary in compound tenses: Rarely had the occasion been celebrated with such style. 'No sooner did she recover than she nado 90 to the hospital again Note that we tend to use this word order informal, often terry, writing only Rewrite this text, insert appropriate adverbs or adverbials. Penelope speaks six languages. She learns ther. She is ‘studying Chinese. She attends classes in Chinese, but her teacher is boring. She doesn't give them a chance to tak. Penelope doesn't find the classes intresting. She has an e-pal who ives in Shanghai and they write to each other, which is lof Vocabulary Summary 1 Collocation of adverb and adjective Note these common adverb + adjective collocations: completely drained deeply depressed heaviy critiieed highly recommended painiuly aware perfectly normal seriously il totaly incompetent ‘Answer these questions. 1 When do you feel completely drained? 2 Have you over boon seriously II? What was wrong? 3. Has your work ever been heavily criticized? Why? Was the crise vale? 4 Do you know, or have you known, anyone who is totally incompetent at their job? 5. Can you think of any books or movies at the moment that are highly recommended?” 2 Suffixes ‘Suffix ~ity ness “tion -ment Nouns activity happiness association’ movement fexbilty forgetfulness expression _ attachment popularity seriousness meditation development Sincerity _weekness recognition replacement Complete these sentences with an appropriate word from the table. 1 The President's euocess in creating jobs increased his, with the voters. 2 Because of his liness, the chil physical very siow, 8. Activities such as yoga and pilates can improve the body's 4 He obviously didn't understand. You could see that from his puzzled 5 She did't treat his problem with much him she found it very amusing. 6 Sho became a Budchist and spent hours in sent «but told 7 You forgot to send the. with the e-mail, Can you resend? Unit 5 BB Health and medicineDEVELOP YOUR LEARNING Spoken grammar 1 Looking at the features of spoken English Read the conversation below between two 20-year- ‘old women. Is it an authentic example of spoken English? If not, how do you know it isn’t real? ‘A: Helo, Sam. How are you? B: Helo, Caroine. | am fine. How are you? ‘A: Lam fine. | have ust thought of something | want to tell you. itis my birthday on Saturday. B: Its your birthday on Saturday? Congratulations, ‘A: Thank you. Would you lke to come to my birthday party? B: | woud Ik to come to your birthday party. Thank you. Can I bring anything? ‘A: Let me think. Yes. You could bring some red wine B: | understand ‘A: Or you can bring white wine or beer or something similar. Yes, that is agreed. Is the party at your new two: bedroom apartment? : Yes, itis there. 3: That is good. want to ask you a question. Have you sean Danny recenty/? ‘A: Yes, | have, | have just thought of something now you ‘mention Danny. Danny and Gabrielle have broken vp. BB: No, thats table. | am surprised by the time. tis two ‘clock. ave to go now. have just thought of a ‘question. What time does your bithday party star’? ‘A: My party starts at eight o'dock. Is that alight for you? ‘Yes, that is fine, Wonderful. Goodbye. ‘A: Gooddye, Sam. | wil see you on Saturday at eight C'clock, is that comrect? B: That is correct. A Looking at the grammar of spoken English ‘a Most grammar rules concentrate on English as a written language. But English is also a spoken language, with its own grammar rules. Look at ‘some of the rules below and see how they are “broken” in the conversation above. 4 Attention signals: Those are words epeakers use to catch the attention of a person, Hey, Greg, what's happening? Say, Mom, have you seen my skates anywhere? 2 Back-channeling: These are small noises listeners make to show the speaker they are paying attention and understand, ‘Az And then | said no. B:Uh huh. ‘A: And she got realy angry. B: No! ther examples: Mmm, Huh, Yeah, No, Right, Absolutely, Ohl, Oh no! Kd review | ee er ec nee nee your partners application. Can you make any suggestions to make the wing more aporopriate? Exchange any ideas you have. 3. Discourse markers: These are words or phrases ‘a speaker uses to show the istener they are ‘changing the topic or direction of a conversation, ‘They act Ike sgnals to chow whore the conversation wil o next A: finished the exercise, Miss Scot Okay, class. Let's look at your answers. (Other common examples: Wal Now, mean, | 60, Anyway, So, Now 4 Ellipsis: To avoid unnecessary rapettion, speakers very often leave words out, ‘A: Winer ofc you put the cookies? put the cookies) in the cupboarc. ‘5 Hesitations: These are momentary pauses in speech. This "buys" the speaker alte time to plan what to say next ‘A: So, are you going on Saturday? Well, not sure. Other examples: um and uh, 6 Repetitions: This is when a speeker repeats the same pioce of language two or three times. It may bbe because they need time fo think, because they can't remember something, or because they made a mistake. Ais Bob's 18% ... 18% bithcay isn't it? B: Lm, yeah I think .. I think so. 7 Tag questions: These are used by the speaker when they want the listener to ether confirm. information or to give an answer to a question. The party stats at eight, doesn’t it? ther examples: okay? huh? yeah? ht? 8 Vague language: This language is used when & ‘speaker is not completely sure of what they are saying, or when being exact is not important, or when they want to be indirect (see Unit 1, Lesson 3) ‘ould you bring some sodas or something like that? ‘Sure. And the party starts around eight, right? (Other examples: about, more or less, or something, whatever, and whatnot, or anything, like that, that ind of thing, that sort of thing thing, stuf. b Do you use similar devices in your language? 3 Applying what you have learned In pairs, rewrite the dialogue in Exercise 1. Use ‘spoken English grammar to make the conversation more authentic. bb In groups of four, compare your versions of the ‘conversation and discuss them. ‘© Turn to page 150 and look at the model text. What differences, if any, are there? ACTION PLAN D Your action plan: collecting samples of spoken English Look for opportunities to listen to and waite Gown authentic spoken English, for example English-speaking radio or “TV channels, Wrte down five or six examples that you hear and keep them in a notebook so that you can examine them laterin class. Remember these samples should be authentic spoken English. ‘Note: You wil nged to show your classmates the samples you find at the end of Unit 6. Heath and medicine Unis,Star power 1 Vocabulary: personality adjectives ‘a Match the adjectives in Box A with their opposites in Box B. A _ powerful naughty cynical Knowledgeable charismatic influential serious privile idealistic ignorant powerless light-hearted deprived well-behaved dull weak b Words can have different meanings according to the context in which they are used. Choose the ‘meaning of each word in italic that best fits the context of the article: 1 convert (line 9) a make someone change their religion b_ make someone change their position on an © porsuade someone you are telling the truth 2 the bandwagon (line 18) a @ means of transport b a popular activity © abuilding where they play music 3 spark (line 21) a to make something happen b light aire € to make someone remember something 4 ignites (line 23) to make something start to burn b to start afigh € to start a feeling in someone 5 a reflection (line 32) a what you see in the mirror b a careful thought about something ¢ something that clearly shows something 6 grasp (line 50) understanding b hold something tight interest © Metaphors and idioms can make a text more vivid and memorable. Explain the following ‘motaphors/idioms from the text. How does the use of these expressions affect the way we see the things mentioned in the text? 1 colebrities are merely jumping on the Third World bandwagon 2 the dire straits in which many African countries find themselves 3 How does a rock god become a star speaker? 4 he conquers the people he wants to convert GLOSSARY debt relief allowing poor countries not to pay back what they awe rich countries forum a mooting at which people discuss something 0 15 ° 6 50 Bono’s charisma Bono of U2 fame is one of those celebrities who has decided to make use of his popularity to help people less privileged than himself. Some years ago, he set up his own campaigning organization, Data, which stands for Debt, Aid and Trade for Africa and since then he has been trying to convert politicians and influential business people like George Soros to ‘exert pressure on the West to increase aid for the poor countries of Africa. He even tried to “convert” the Pope to the cause of Third World debt. Bono has since been joined in his concern for the consequences of globalization by other celebrities, ‘of whom Hollywood stars Sharon Stone, Richard Gere and musician Lionel Richie are the most well- known. Even Lara Croft star, Angelina Jolie, recently joined the campaign. Some people would say celebrities are merely jumping on the Third World bandwagon, but everyone would agree Bono is deeply committed to the cause. No other star has managed to spark so much interest in his VIP audiences as Irish rock star Bono, ‘whose charisma ignites passion in the most eynical of politicians. Ex- U.S. Treasury Secretary O'Neil confessed, after meeting Bono, that he had never heard of the man before Bono came knocking on his door to persuade him to tour Africa with him to see for himself the dire straits in which many African countries find themselves. That O'Neill at the time ne of the most important members of George Bush's first administration, agreed to do this, isa reflection of Bono’s personal charm, some would. say charisma. What is the secret of Bono's success? How does a rock god become a star speaker at international economic meetings such as the World Economic forum in Davos? First of al, Bono is a brilliant PR man: he conquers the people he wants to convert not by hharanguing them and banging his fist on the table, but by listening to them. Ata recent meeting with important members of the U.S. congress and business community, he turned up in his trade mark blue- tinted glasses and mingled with the rich and powerful, calling them by their first name, smiling, ‘cracking jokes and shaking hands all round. Then suddenly he changed and from the naughty pop star he transformed himself into the serious, -knowiedgeable expert on debt relief. No one can ‘doubt his firm grasp of the issues: “You know,” one businessman was quoted as saying after his meeting ‘with Bono: “That guy cares a lot and he means business ~ and something else: he knows his stu”.2 Reading skills 4. What elso do you know about this pop star? b Who are the people in the photos with him, and why are they famous? Choose the best reason for him being with them, 4. Tunps cne to OP iy mart 2 They're persona friends of his, 3. Ho's trying o got their support 4 They'e asking for his autograph (BB berate serge cartam amlyaing te 5 He's asking for their autographs. secret of Bono’s success. Check (y/) the features im Bwereise 3a that he mentions aad make nots czy new poli rake kly to chock that you chose Exercise 1b, Read the article qu the correct meanings ¢ Do you know anyone who is especially charismatic? (It can be a personal acquaintance or a famous person.) What makes them charismatic? Look at the list above for ideas.) d In your opinion, which three of these features are the most important in creating charisma? d In groups, discuss your views on the following 1. Music stars should never use th influence politics or society. 2 Music stars should provide positive and moral ‘models for their fans. ir power to 3 Do you know of any music stars who have used their influence to do things in your re yy? Do you agree with what they did? 4 Speaking skills In groups, think of problom that needs solving 3 Listening skills in your country, og, pollution, education. Why is improvement needed? ‘a Look at this list of things that make Bono charismatic. What feature does each describe: his appearance, his personality, or his behavior? Imagine you want to organize a campaign to create awarenoas of the problem you identified in Exercise pr ne erie eons 44, and to help solve it Fllow these steps. 1. He gets people's attention, a 1 Think ofa famous figure in the music industry Pacer 3 who could head your campaign. Why would ie ares al B Fouche his prs, nd what wold you . want them to do, e.g. organize a rock concert to 4 His blue-tinted shades. Q draw attention to the problem and raise money 5 His roguish smile. a for the campaign? 6 He shakes hands and kisses cheeks. Q 2 What would you want to achieve from your 7. Hos camest and serious a campaign, eg, government funding, a change 8 Ho puts poople at ease. a in the law, public support? 9. He remembers people's names a 3. What arguments could you us to persuade 40 He remembers whore ho met poople. this person to give up their time and energy to 11 He says things like “I am not willing fight for your cause? to give up.” Q © Present your ideas to the other groups and decide 12 He listens carefully a on tho best campaign,[eee Grandstar 1 Reading skills ‘a In pairs, discuss these questions. 1. Think of “old” stars who continue to perform. Why do they do it? 2, Should ageing rock and pop stars continue to perform? 3. Who is the man with the hat and suit in the articl below? What do you know about him and his life? You are going to read an interview with the legendary Cuban singer, Compay Segundo, who died in 2003. He was the world’s oldest and most famous singer of the traditional Cuban music known as Trova and played with the internationally famous Cuban group Buena Vista Social Club, Read the article and note down evidence that shows he was: 1 aromantic 2 athinker & alover of life 4 moderate 5 caring © Give your opinion on these things that Segundo says during the interview. 1. You know, songs have their mysteries, their charms, their witcheraf. It's not an academic matter, it’s magic. 2 Everyone should have a philosophy for living better. Interviewer How did the boom in Cuban music affect you? ‘Segundo Just imagine, it was lke a bomb. We jumped from the mountains to fame, we 2 traveled half the world, we went on illustrious stages, and princes invited us to grand parties. But | tell you, I'm stil a simple Person, as if | were just beginning. That simplicity and naturalness is what they like 2 about us. We jumped from the mountains to fame Interviewer And the compositions? ‘Segundo Macusa is the song | dedicated to my first grifrend, at age 15. itis about indecision in love, love that is over before it 20 begins. Its a ical song for a wortan who is stil alive and is stil my friend in Santiago de Cuba. Interviewer These days, some argue that Chan Chan, whieh only has two chords, is 2» the most played Cuban song, even more than Guantanamera. ‘Segundo. In France, my song is $0 popular that when they make a toast, instead of saying Chin chin, they say Chan Chan, 4 People cry and everything. You know, songs have their mysteries, their charms, their witeheraft. I's not an academic matter, t's ‘magic. Do you realize that young people in ‘Cuba and Europe, who had forgotten 4s traditional music and only thought about rock, have tumed their eyes toward the music of thelr grandparents? t's incredible, Interviewer Let's do a retrospective, go back to those times of childhood, adolescence, illusions. ‘Segundo When | was bom in the mining 5 town of Siboney, near Santiago de Cuba, in 11907, it was the beginning of the post-war Period and everything was very poor. Most of the music we heard was from Europe. They \were very romantic times. We tipped our 10 hats to the young women, and if you liked ‘one of them, you would toss your hat on the ground. If she liked you, too, she would step (on part of the hat, ust the brim. But if she didn’t like you, she'd step all over the hat, 15 demolish it. Unit 6 | so | Music 3. I don’t sit in the comer waiting for death: death has to pursue me, 4 As for pleasures, you've got to have limits. You shouldn't have too much of good things, so you'll always have a desire for more, and you won't get bored. Interviewer Do you have a philosophy of fe? ‘Segundo Everyone should have a 50 philosophy for living better. | am a scholar of life. Every night before | go to sleep, | analyze ‘every detail of what I did that day. I evaluate things and people, which helps me avoid mistakes. | don't sit in the corner waiting for 5 death: death has to pursue me. I'm going stfong, | hope to reach 100 and ask for an extension, just like my grandmother did. Interviewer What gives you pleasure in lfe, ‘and what are some of your secrets? ® Segundo Since I'm from the coast I love seafood. I'm going to reveal a secret: drink lamb-meat soup. It will make you strong. AS for pleasures, you've got to have limits. You shouldn't have too much of good things, so 8 you'll always have a desire for more, and you ‘won't get bored. | have a few drinks of rum. now and again. Interviewer And what about the audience with the Pope in the Vatican? 7 Segundo That was the dream | had always had, to sing for the Pope. It was on Jubilation Day, for the sick. | wish health for all in my country. GLOssaRY tip your hat touch or raise your hat as « ‘way of greeting someone make a toast drink with other people and mako a wish for hoalth or happinoss witcheraft magic2 Grammar: repeated actions in the past 4 Read tho text and underline all the language that refers to states, habits, and repeated or rogular actions in the past. When Iwas a kid, we used to spend our summer vacations with our cousins, They used to live in tho village whore our mom was bon, We never used to stay in expensive hotels or anything like that because we couldn’ afford it. On hot nights ‘o'd sleep out in tho yard. We'd wake up carly Because ofthe crowing of the roosters, and our aut would make us breakfast. She would always insist that we ate everything on our plat. That got on my ‘narvos becauso tho food tasted strange. Breakfast ‘would finish at about nine. On most days, we wont ddown to tho beach and kicked a bal around. [used to think summer would never end Write your underlined examples in the correct column in the table. Used to Would ‘Simple past. ne used to weld deep Tab got om end my nerves © Read these statements about the use of would and used to. Check ((/) the correct ones and put a ‘cross (x6) by the two false ones. 1. An important uso of would is to talk about events which happened regularly in the past 2. Would is only possible if the past timeframe has already been established, for example, by a phrase such as When I was a child. 3. Used to can expross a habitual situation or state in the past. 4 When used fo expresses a habitual situation or state in the past, it can always be replaced by would. 5 Would can be used for irritating habits. 6 Adverbials such as every summer, most days ‘can refer to regular actions in the past. imple past cannot be used for repeated or lar actions. LANGUAGE NOTE Used to and would both refer to past habits, but would needs a phrase to establish the past. used to play tennis every Saturday but I don’t now. v7 would play tennis every Saturday but I don't now. % When Iwas a child, I would ploy tennis every Saturday. 7 Use would with action verbs, not stato verbs. In the post, Lwould always ride my bike everywhere. 0 In the post, Lwould have a bike. X used to have a bike. ¥ Check your answors with the Grammar summary on page 66, € Find other examples of talking about the past in the interview with Compay Segundo. Which category do they belong to? 3 Spoaking skills In pairs, discuss your childhood vacations. Where did you use to go. What would you do there? Make notes as you remember 4 Writing skills Write about your childhood vacations. Use your notes and the text in Exercise 2a as a model. 41. Think back on your childhood vacations and make notes on the ideas and language you will need. 2. Write a draft, revise it, and then write the final composition (100-150 words). 3 Exchange compositions with a partner and do these tasks: @ Spot all similarities and all differences. Talk together about them, b_ Holp each other improve the quality of the English.le scouste gutar T ‘ect bass guitar 4S piano q i t 2 5 a | me Unit 6 The blues 1 Vocabulary: musical instruments (@ a Liston and identify the six instruments you hear 1 2 3 4 5 6 b Write all the instruments in the table. Woodwind fide, Percussion crus, Brass brumpet, Strings acute guar, Electric keylanrd, © Which instruments do you associate with the following styles of mu Ablues 2 jazz 3rock 4 classical d_ Which are your favorite musical instruments? Why? 2 Reading skills You are going to road a m the blues. In pairs, discuss these questions. 4 What is “the blues?” 2 What is the origin of the blues? 3. Which musical instruments are used in the blues? bb Skim through the text and check the answers to the questions in Exercise 2a azine article about © These sentences are taken from the article. Match them with the numbers. They had to work in the fields from sunrise to sunset with little regard for their humanity. b This structure is known as “twelve-bar blues ¢ The variations of old African melodies, combined with exposure to musical styles of Europe, developed into the form of musie we know today as blues. Bands from the south, such as Memphis and New Orleans, often have wind sections of saxophones and trumpets, The Red-Hot Blues What is “the blues?” “The basic structure of the standard blues song has changed little since W.C. Handy’s St. Lows Blues in 1914, A blues verse must have three lines of lyrics; the frst and second third line is different. [1___ For example, from St Louis Bh T hate to see that evening sun go down I hate to see that evening sun go down Ie makes me think I'm on my last go-round... es are the same, while the The instruments of the blues In modern blues bands with electrified instruments, there is more than one standard set of instruments For Chicago-style urban blues, the line-up is an clectric guitar and amplified harmonica as lead instruments, and a rhythm seetion of bass, drums, piano, and rhythm guitar, [2___] but these Music instruments are rarely featured as soloists. The singer's voice has always been prominently featured in blues music, primarily asa lead “instrument.” The origin of the blues ‘The blues was born out of the hardships and suffering that Afro-Americans had to endure when they were captured in West Africa and brought to the New World as slaves. [3__] While working, they expressed their sorrow by singing old melodies from Africa. In the work-song tradition of their former homeland, workers sang together. Many of these songs had a call-and-response pattern in which one person led by singing a line that others repeated or answered in song. After the freeing of the slaves in 1863, African-Americans kept their work songs and ‘were also exposed to European music through their churches and traveling shows i circuses. [4__]3 Listening skills a You are going to listen toa radio show about the development of the blues from the 19206 tothe prosont day. Before you k 1 Which instrument usually accompanies the blues singer? a the guitar b the banjo 2 What was the name of the first blues record? a St, Louis Blues Crazy Blues 3 Which city was the capital of “electric blues?” a Los Angeles b Chicago 4 Which British rock musician helped popularize the blues in the 1960s? a BricClapton —_b John Lennon 5 Blues has a lot in common with which type of moder music? a techno b hip-hop ® b Liston and check your guosses. Those notes were made by a student listening to the show. There are some mistakes. Listen again, and find and correct the mistakes. wad dw ow wow (1900, banjo replaced guitar: 2190s, | new urban blueselectritied new instruments were added 3. So elvis fresleu’s Lucille ond Tutt Fruth speeded bhies songs speedec-up 4 (960s, blues became popular with rock musicians S Blues and hip-hop: Bere both From, 4 Grammar: obligation, necessity, and deduction 4 Look at the examples below. Mark each one “O” (obligation), “AO” (absonce of obligation), "P* (physical necessity), or “D" (deduction). 1. That actor must be over 80 by now. Ho looks | ii sold 2 You have to goto school. I's the law 3 You didn’t need to ronew your visa ~ they don't ask for one. 4 You must prepare for your exams. 5 You'd better offer to pay for the damage, then hho might not report the accident. 6 You really ought to have told the police about the accident. 7 You don’t havo to come if you don’t want to. 6 You have to drink water to live. 9 My wifo should be at home by now. 10. The government should create more jobs. b Which two of the sentences are about the past? How do wo form the past of modal verbs? € Look atthe probloms and add an appropriate sentence. dangerous to smoke. You .. "ve got an interview tomorrow and your too long. You 3. You fool exhausted because you're overworking, You. 4 You wrecked the car because you'd had a few drinks. You 5 You've changed a lot of money, but they take dollars here. You 5 Pronunciation: /ze/ and /s/ ‘Say those words aloud and write them in the table, hat hut snack shack back buck luck lack sack duck mad sad track truck shut fe fat Mi fat b Words that have the same final vowel and consonant sound rhyme, e.g. mad and sad. Read this verse from How Blue Can You Get? by B.B. King and fill in the blanks with rhyming words I gave you a brand-new Ford and you said “I want Cadillac.” Tbought you a ten-dollar dinner; you said “Thanks for the r et you live in my penthouse, you said it was just a I gave you seven children and now you wanna give ‘em @ c Now listen to the verse and check your answers. Music Unit 6Music 4 Warm up Check (¥/) the types of music you like stoning to: World music Q House a Pop a Rock a Folk a Roggae a Jazz a Classical a Opera Q Latin a Rap a Hip-hop a Blues a Country and Wester a b_ Where do you listen to music most? Check (¢/) the places below. In the kitchen Inth In the library At concerts At discos Inba In my bedroom Inthe At part Ata friend’s place While jogging or walking in the park cocoocoooocoo While traveling in the car/bus/subway © Think about your music collection at homo Write a list of the kinds of music you have in your collection. Singers: Bands: ‘Types of music: Recent research suggests we can tell alot about @ person from their music collection. Compare your list with @ partner. Can you guess anything about your partner from their choice of song? If you ‘want, use this list to help you. indifferent serious smart logical emotional sentimental sociable happy forgiving extroverted self-confident socially-minded idealistic romantic curious wild 2 Prepare 4 Do you know any of these performers or songs? What can you say about them? b Now match the tile of each song with its bret description. 1 One of the most powerful rock songs of all timo, An anthem which speaks of the anger, passion, and alienation ofa generation, 2 A sort of spiritual anthem about the search for an answer. The songuiter sad it was “an anthem of doubt more than faith 3. A personal statement of belief in peace and harmony ~ this song has become an anthem for world unity 4 Probably the most famous protest song ever written ~a beautifully moving anti-war anthem,€ Road these descriptions of what kind of people like these songs and match them with the appropriate song. 1 Those who love this song are often spiritual ‘and want to understand the purpose of life, ‘Their curiosity may lead them to search for answers and look to religion and love to provide thom. In their search for truth and ‘meaning they will experience life and learn lessons, Sadly, some may feel they never find the answer. 2 Fans of this song are optimistic about the power of people to improve their world. Some people will accuse them of being idealistic but they will argue that indifference only leads to ‘more problems. These people tend to be helpful, warm and caring, and knowledgeable about the world around thom. 3 Generally speaking, people who like this song have a pretty negative view of society and its values. They think that many people lead pointless lives wasting their time on popular culture, The fans of this song may not relate to society and they can feel indifferent, lost, depressed, or angry at times. 4 People who say this is one of their favorite songs are often progressive and open to new idoas. They are intolligent and questioning about how society operates. They tend to be optimistic despite seeing that history can and does repeat itself. Ultimately, they believe in fighting for a better world, one which is froe from the horrors of war. 4 Find poople in the class who like any of these songs. Do they match the descriptions above? 3 Task 4 Ifyou were stranded on a desert island and you ‘were allowed to take only one song with you, ‘which one would it be and why? b Our favorite songs not only tell other people {important things about us, they are also associated with powerful memories and experiences in our past. In pairs, choose your favorite song of all time and make notes about it. Use these questions to help you. 4. What's the name of the song and what kind of song is it? 2. What do the lyrics say? Write down any lines, you remember from the song. 3 When did you first hear this song and where were you? 4 Who were you with and what were you doing? 5 How did you feel then? {6 How do you feel now when you hear this song? 4 Feedback Report back to the class on the results of your {questionnaire and discussion in exercise 3 above. Which are the top ten favorite songs in your class? 5 Compare ® 4 You aro going to hear poopo talking about thie favorite songs. They have all been mentioned in this lesson. Liston and say which songs they are talking about. Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Song Where did they first hear it? What memories does ‘bring back? @ b Liston again and complete the table. 6 Notice a Phrasal verbs often make speech sound more casual. Look at these phrasal verbs from the audioscript. Can you guoss what they mean? 4 Thad broken up with my girlfriend, 2 Iwas feeling down about that. ‘8 It was the first time we'd gone out together. 4 Whenever I hear that song it takes me back to those days. b Replace the underlined expressions with an appropriate phrasal verb and make any other changes necessary. 41. When I feol depressed I put on my favorite CD. 2 Tve separated from my fiancé, We just didn't got along very well. 3 This song reminds me of the days we used to 40 to the beach. 4 Thought you that CD when wo first started 7 Follow up At home, write down the words of your favorite song. Bring the words to class and share them with your classmates. Music Unit 6Grammar Summary 1 Repeated actions in the past used to We use used foto tak about situations, sates, habits, and repeated actions in the past that are no longer true: My mom used to have black ha (out now i's gray) used to play soocer (but | don't anymore). Note the question and negative forms of used to: Did you use to have a bicycle? We didn’t use to go overseas an vacation. would We use would to tak about habits and repeated actions in the past that are no longer true, but we only use it when the past timeframe has been established: We used to own a small boat. We'd go sailing init every summer We don't use would to tak about past situation: ‘She would be a lot happier when she was younger: X | ‘She used to be @lot happier wien she was younger. of ‘We can also use would to tak about other people’ itating habits in the past. When he was aive, my grandad would alvays complain about young people today; he'd say we were lazy, ‘Simple past We use the simple past o tak about stuations, stata, habits, {and single or repeated actions inthe past. Find an error in each sentence and correct it. 41 When he was young, he woud have @ beard 2 use to play ona soccer team when Iwasa Kd 8 | didn’t used to be good at sports at school. 4 She always used eat my sendiwiches. It made me furious. ‘5. When | was on vacation last year, | used to have a car ‘accident and went to the hospital, Expressing obligation, necessity, and deduction Expressing obligation have to (strong obligation, often something required by law) You have to take a test to get your drivers loense. ‘must (trong abtgation, often the speaker's feelings) You realy must eet more; you're losing weight. ‘mustn't (obligation not to do something, ie. a prohition) You mustn't interrupt when someone else is speaking. ‘should / ought to (weaker obigation, recommendation) You should / ought to see a doctor about your headaches, had better (obigation to do the best thing in a certain situation) We'd better go now—i's starting to rain, and we don't have an umbrella, Absence of obligation + don't/ doesn’t have to (something thatis not necessary) We don't have to get up early tomorrow as it's @ public. holiday. * don't need to (something that is not necessary) You don’t need to stay til we close; i clsar up. olde Weoeaena Physical necessity ‘© have to / must We have to / must eat a good balance of types of food to keep healthy. © need You need to do a minimum of 30 minutes of evercise three times a week to keep ft. Deduction * have to / have got to/ must (strong deduction, certainty) That has to/ has got to / must be a lis: it can't be right. You have to be kicdina! Note: it is very common to hear the informal version of the ‘second example: you gotta be kdsing! should (less certain deduction) That should be the correct house — let's check. ‘She should have amved by now. | wonder why she's late. Read these statements. if they are true for your country, ‘check (7) them. If not, correct them. 1. You don't have to do miltary sence. It's optional 2 You must take entrance exams to get into high school. 3. The government should create more nuclear power stations 4 Everybody has to pay very high taxes. 5 You must have a license to ride a bike. 6 We shouldn't have cut down so many forests. Vocabulary Summary 1 Personality adjectives naughty — well-behaved earnest - funny ‘obedient - rebellious shy ~ confident ‘charismatic - dull tough - weak exterous - clumsy serious — light-hearted roguish ~ respectable knowedgeabie ~ ignorant ‘Complete each sentence with an appropriate adjective from the opposites above. 1. He was a very ___ boy at schoo), but now he's @ judge! 2 You've got to be _ to teach in that school ~ the Kids are really wi 3. She needs to be more_ to get the job ~ she's too shy to, be an actress. 4 Nelson Mandela wes a very __ leader — his supporters ‘rusted and loved him, 5 She's very_~ always making people laugh, 6 Hels nota crook —hels a__member of society 2 Musical instruments Woodwind saxophone, clarinet, tte Percussion _xylophone, ckums, cymbals, triangle Brass trombone, trumpet Strings ‘acoustic guitar, piano, violin, clo, banjo Electric ‘electric guitar, electric keyboard / synthesizer Unit 6 | ss | MusicDEVELOP YOUR WRITING Comparative writing 1 Finding comparisons and contrasts ‘2. Skim through this composition comparing the ‘musicians Paul McCartney and John Lennon. Match the headings with the paragraphs. ‘a McCartney: a respected member of society Lennon: a rebel with strong views © Simiar backgrounds 4 Two talented musicians ‘GRCOMMMIOAT They both be: famous in the 1960s as ‘members of the pop group The Beatles, John and Paul had both grown up in Liverpool, England, and both came from working-class backgrounds. Their parents, were not well off, and neither John nor Paul went to college. 2 ‘On the music front, John and Paul also had. ‘many similarities. They wrote mat they both sang lead vocals on m McCartney” compositions, and they both played the guitar, Although some of their songs, such as Yesterday and Hey Jude, have become classics, neither John nor Paul could read music. However, they both had a good ny unforgettable melodies. hit songs togeth ear and created 1 3 There were, nevertheless, many differences between the two men, which became more obvious when The Beatles split up. John Lennon was controversial and outspoken, He campaigned for peace, and the songs he wrote on his ow as Imagine and Give Peace a Chance, were often about political issues. He also did many outrageous things with his wife Yoko Ono to get publicity for the causes he believed in. He died tragically in 1980, when he was assassinated by one of his fans outside his New York apartment. 4 In contrast to John, Paul has led a quiet, respectable life. When The Beatles broke up, he went on {to write many more pop songs with his new band, Wings, and he has even written classical music. Although ‘not as political as John, he has used some of his fabulous ‘wealth to support charities and to help his hometown of Liverpool. In 1996, he was knighted and is now Sir Paul McCartney, a title itis difficult to imagine the radical John Lennon ever accepting. Your action plan: comparative writing {

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