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PllBfilA'e Strdy Matenials
0 The displacement error
(ea): This is
the maximum difference between the actual
sweep voltage and linear sweep which pass
through the. beginning and end points of the
actualsweep.
$YN0PSr$
(V.-Vr'),n*
ea=-"y', t-
1. Sweep voltage: The wave form which is
used .to sweep the electron beam
horiiontally across the screen is called a
v"
sweep voltage.
2"
- u',
A linear time-baselgenerator is one that
provides an output wave form, a portion of
which exhibits a Iinear variation of voltage
;
or current with time.
3. Sweep generator is also known as timebase or sawtooth or ramp generator.
4. The rate of change of sweep voltage with
Fig. RELATING TO DEFINITION OF e6
time is called sweep speed.
e)
Transmission
error (e,): It is defined
as the difference between input and output
divided-by he input when theiamp is pasied
through high pass RC.
.l---afc={
GENERALSWEEP
VOLTAGE
T, = Return time
VOLTAGE WAVE FORM
Ts = SwPep time = Trace
ASAWTOOTH
time..
Retrace time = Flyback
=
i time
5. The characteristics of a sweep wave
o-
Fig. RELAITG TO THE DEFINIT|oN bF et
,t
.v,
form are:
a)
b)
The time required for the sweep to rise to its
rriaximum value irom some in'itial value is
called trace time or sweep time.
displacement error (ed) and transmission
error (e,) is given by
The time taken by'the
sweep to return to its initial value is called
restoration time. This should be extremely
short for a good sweep wave form.
c)
The slope (or) sweep-speed error
(er): This error is the.deviation from
the
linearity of sweep speed. Swepp speed is
the rate of change of sweep voltage with
a)
time.
Methods of generating
wave form:
a time-base
Exponential charging: A capacitor is
charged through a resistor to a voltago
which is small in comparison with the
supply voltage.
Slope error (e.)
_
:-
_ v,
V.
- -r'
6. The relation among the slope enor (er).
P- =-
Restoration time (flyback time,
return time)
r,
Difference in slope at begioning and end of sweep
Initial value of slope
b)
Constant-current charging: A
capacitor is charged linearly from a
constant-{unen t source.
glc
Punfiflti Sudy Materials
c)
The miller
et{
circuit: An
oPerational
integrator is used to- convert a step into a
18;, Electromagnetii. ileflection
ramp wave form.
19.
configuration is a version of the miller
circuit which requires only a pulse input and
20.
The phantastron circuit : This
not an external. step or gating wave form.
constant
The boot straP circuit:
current is approximated by maintaining
*a
.
21,
charging than is possible without the use of
the inductor.
'c' is charged by a constant
culrent I, then the sweep speed is given by
8. ii; 6;tto.
1, A linear
obtained
approximately given
a)l
. Slope error (e,) =+ =: = #
sweep should have a gain of infinity (A, =
--c<
16.
11
in miller
).
Sweep speed in miller circuit is es =
Sweep speed
approximatelY gqual to
of
is
bY
c)T 9+
b)+
Bootstrap
circuit
swee+
generally
employs.
ubed
time
a) A CB amplifier . b) A CE amplifier
c) An emitter follqwer
Tr.= Trace time of the sweeP
15" The'amplifier (o5amp)
sweep
constant then the iIoPe error
l.
integrator.
caqacitor.
waYe- form and t is its
.-
L4. Ir,liller sweep is also known as miller
charging
be
supply voJqage _V is given bY,
= Tiine'constant
configuration is. used in a
base
10 " Common
transistor constalt current sweep generauon
11. .Time base voltages of hundreils sf volts
require power supplies of thousands of
,oitt, which are inconveniently large. This
is the main disadvantage of exponential
sweep circuit.
12. Emitter-follower is used in Bootstrap .*""0
circuit.
13. Emitter follower has gain unity (Av = u)
by
c) With a sweep currgnt
dt Wittr an a.c- source
2. If. T is the durrtion of the
-
The slope error of an exponential sweep
circuit with sweep voltagb V, and power
Where,
'can
sweeP voltage
a) Ttrough-in inductor.
b) With a constant cuqenq
Itc
It is similar
oBJECTIUE qUE$TI0NS
ciicuit is used to yield more linear
Phantastron circuit requires a pulse input to
generate a sawtooth voltage.
series
9' An inductor circuit: An RLC
capacitor.
. vs_
- _vs
felevisio-n (TV).
'Electrostatic
deflection is used in cathode
rai,' i,seilloseope (CRO) :
p,.ltrrent sweep is.used'in TV deflection
where ai voltage sweep is used in CRO
tb"thet of miller's circuit.
resistor in series with a capacitor'
compensating circuit is introduced to
improve the linearity of the bootstrap. and
the miller time-base generator.
used in
deflection.
nearly constant voltage across a fixed
0 Compengating networks:
is
A cascade amPlifier
,. Sweep- circuits aie.-used
wave forms for
tirire"base
bi
to
generate
use in the
CnO.
Square . b) Sawtooth
c) Triangular Q. None
a)
5.
The following sweep giqcuit is
used
in TV
d Voltage
b)
Current
@ None
c) Both-(a) and (b) 6. The voltage gain of an amPlifier
used with bobtstraP sweep
theoretically shall be
a) -1 b) +1 c) oo 0 None
7. CMRR - of an ideal oPerational
amplifier
v
*a
db
is
b)
c)
"" OxB
phantastron circuit is
1
lAl
Where A=Amplifiergain
05
i.
6.
5. b
