Financial Applications
LP can be used in financial decision-making that
involves capital budgeting, make-or-buy, asset
allocation, portfolio selection, financial planning, and
more.
Portfolio selection problems involve choosing specific
investments for example, stocks and bonds from a
variety of investment alternatives.
This type of problem is faced by managers of banks,
mutual funds, and insurance companies.
The objective function usually is maximization of
expected return or minimization of risk.
Portfolio Selection
Winslow Savings has $20 million available
for investment. It wishes to invest
over the next four months in such
a way that it will maximize the
total interest earned over the four
month period as well as have at least
$10 million available at the start of the fifth month for
a high rise building venture in which it will be
participating.
Portfolio Selection
For the time being, Winslow wishes to invest
only in 2-month government bonds (earning 2% over
the 2-month period) and 3-month construction loans
(earning 6% over the 3-month period). Each of these
is available each month for investment. Funds not
invested in these two investments are liquid and earn
3/4 of 1% per month when invested locally.
Portfolio Selection
Formulate a linear program that will help
Winslow Savings determine how to invest over the
next four months if at no time does it wish to have
more than $8 million in either government bonds or
construction loans.
Portfolio Selection
Define the Decision Variables
Gi = amount of new investment in government
bonds in month i (for i = 1, 2, 3, 4)
Ci = amount of new investment in construction
loans in month i (for i = 1, 2, 3, 4)
Li = amount invested locally in month i,
(for i = 1, 2, 3, 4)
Portfolio Selection
Define the Objective Function
Maximize total interest earned in the 4-month
period:
Max (interest rate on investment) X (amount
invested)
Max .02G1 + .02G2 + .02G3 + .02G4
+ .06C1 + .06C2 + .06C3 + .06C4
+ .0075L1 + .0075L2 + .0075L3 +
.0075L4
Portfolio Selection
Define the Constraints
Month 1's total investment limited to $20
million:
(1) G1 + C1 + L1 = 20,000,000
Month 2's total investment limited to
principle and interest invested locally in
Month 1:
(2) G2 + C2 + L2 = 1.0075L1
or G2 + C2 - 1.0075L1 + L2 = 0
Portfolio Selection
Define the Constraints (continued)
Month 3's total investment amount limited to
principle and interest invested in government
bonds in Month 1 and locally invested in
Month 2:
(3) G3 + C3 + L3 = 1.02G1 + 1.0075L2
or - 1.02G1 + G3 + C3 - 1.0075L2
+ L3 = 0
Portfolio Selection
Define the Constraints (continued)
Month 4's total investment limited to principle and
interest invested in construction loans in Month 1,
goverment bonds in Month 2, and locally invested
in Month 3:
(4) G4 + C4 + L4 = 1.06C1 + 1.02G2 + 1.0075L3
or - 1.02G2 + G4 - 1.06C1 + C4 - 1.0075L3 +
L4 = 0
$10 million must be available at start of Month 5:
(5) 1.06C2 + 1.02G3 + 1.0075L4 > 10,000,000
Portfolio Selection
Define the Constraints (continued)
No more than $8 million in government
bonds at any time:
(6) G1
< 8,000,000
(7) G1 + G2 < 8,000,000
(8) G2 + G3 < 8,000,000
(9) G3 + G4 < 8,000,000
Portfolio Selection
Define the Constraints (continued)
No more than $8 million in construction
loans at any time:
(10) C1
< 8,000,000
(11) C1 + C2
< 8,000,000
(12) C1 + C2 + C3
< 8,000,000
(13)
C2 + C3 + C4 < 8,000,000
Non-negativity:
Gi, Ci, Li > 0 for i = 1, 2, 3, 4
Portfolio Selection
The Management Scientist Solution
Objective Function Value =
Variable
Value
G1
8000000.0000
G2
0.0000
G3
5108613.9228
G4
2891386.0772
C1
8000000.0000
C2
0.0000
C3
0.0000
C4
8000000.0000
L1
4000000.0000
L2
4030000.0000
L3
7111611.0772
L4
4753562.0831
1429213.7987
Reduced Costs
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0453
0.0076
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
