FORM 1. Chapter 3.
MATTER
Chapter 4. DIVERSITY OF
RESOURCES ON EARTH
FORM 1. Chapter 5. AIR AROUND US
FORM 1. CHAPTER 6.
SOURCES AND FORMS
OF ENERGY
CHAPTER 7. HEAT AND ITS TRANSFER
VARIOUS FORMS OF ENERGY
CHEMICAL
ENERGY
HEAT
ENERGY
ELECTRIVAL
ENERGY
POTENTIAL
ENERGY
KINETIC
ENERGY
ENERGY
MECHANICAL
ENERGY
NUCLEAR
ENERGY
SOUND
ENERGY
LIGHT
ENERGY
OXYGEN IN AIR
RUSTING
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
ANIMALS AND
HUMANS
GREEN
PLANTS
CARCASSES
FOSSIL FUELS
DECOMPOSITION
RESPIRATION
COMBUSTION
CARBON DIOXIDE IN AIR
METALS
SOURCES OF ENERGY ON EARTH
RENEWABLE
NON RENEWABLE
BIOMASS
SOLAR
HYDRO
WIND
GEO THERMAL
WAVES
FOSSIL FUELS
NUCLEAR
COAL
PETROLEUM
NATURAL GAS
EXAMPLES OF ENERGY CONVERTER
E N E RG Y
CONVERTER
RADIO
TELEVISION
ENERGY CONVERSION
Electrical energy
GAS STOVE
Electrical energy
e n e rg y
Chemical energy
ELECTRIC FAN
Electrical energy
BICYCLE
Kinetic energy
DYNAMO
e n e rg y
ELECTRIC IRON Electrical energy
HAIR-DRYER
ELECTRIC RICE
COOK E R
LIGHT BULB
s o un d e n e rg y
light energy
heat energy
light energy
kinetic energy
electrical energy
l ig h t
heat energy
Electrical energy
kinetic energy
e n e rg y
s o un d e n e rg y
Electrical energy
heat energy
Electrical energy
e n e rg y
s o un d
heat energy
heat
l ig h t
THE PRINCIPLE OF ENERGY CONSERVATION
~ Energy cannot be
created or
destroyed
~ Energy can only be
converted from one
form to another
ENERGY IS CONSERVED
Amount of energy
Amount of energy
before conversion
after conversion
PROCESSES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
LIGHT ENERGY
(from the sun)
CHEMICAL ENERGY
(in food)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
RESPIRATION
CHEMICAL ENERGY
(in food)
HEAT ENERGY +
WATER + CARBON
DIOXIDE
COMPARISON BETWEEN
CONDUCTION, CONVECTION AND RADIATION
CONDUCTION
~ Transferred by
particles that vibrate
and collide with other
particles
~ Occurs in solids,
liquids and gases but
most effective in
solids
~ Does not occur in
a vacuum
~ rapid process
CONVECTION
RADIATION
~ Transferred by
particles that move
and form a
convectional current
~ Radiated by a hot
body to surrounding
~ Occurs in fluids
Like liquids and gases
most effective
~ Occurs without any
medium
~ Does not occur in
a vacuum
~ slow process
~ Can occur in
a vacuum
~ rapid process (light
Speed)
CARS RADIATOR
~ to remove heat
produced in engine
by convection
through water in
the radiator
THERMOS FLASK
~ vacuum space prevent
heat loss by conduction
and convection
~ silver layered prevent
heat loss by radiation
TO WARM BODY
~ fire to warm our
bodies prevent heat
transfer by radiation
from our body to
surrounding
USAGE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF HEAT
TRANSFER IN SOLVING PROBLEMS
HOT ROOM
1. the ventilation system of a
building ~ hot air rises out
through upper section (air holes)
2. air conditioner ~ apply
principle of convection, fixed at
upper section
COLD ROOM
Air heater and heating
system ~ apply principle
of convection, fixed at lower
Section. Hot air which produced
moves up while the cold air
moves down
METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER
CONDUCTION:
~ Heat transfer through
solid from a high temperature
to a low temperature
Examples of good
conductors are
metal.
Copper
Aluminium
Iron
decrease
CONVECTION:
~ Heat transfer in a fluid from
A hot to a less hot area
RADIATION:
~ Heat transfer from a
heat source to its
surroundings without the
need of medium
(air or vacuum)
~
~
~ Hot fluid (less
dense) move up
~ Cold fluid (more
dense) move down
Can be absorbed or reflected
travel at speed of light
CONDUCTORS
AND
INSULATORS
Materials that conduct
heat easily
Materials that do not
Conduct heat easily
Examples:
Metals ~ copper, iron
mercury, aluminium
Examples:
Wood, plastic, rubber,
water and air
Applications:
~ cooking utensils
~ radiator coil in vehicle
~ mercury thermometer
~ wire gauze (steel)
~ heating coil electric kettle
~ soldering iron made of
copper
~ Davy safety light
Applications
~ handles of cooking utensils
~ polystyrene food containers
~ fibreglass refrigerators
~ sawdust prevent ice melt
~ fur clothing keep body warm
~ blanket keep body warm
~ i g loo
~ sleeping bag
NATURAL APPLICATION OF
THE PRINCIPLE OF CONVECTION
LAND BREEZE
~ at night, land cools faster
than sea
~ hot air from the sea rises
and it is replaced by cold air
from the land
SEA BREEZE
~ during day time, land heats
up faster than sea
~ hot air from the land rises
and it is replaced by cold air
from the sea
NATURAL APPLICATION OF
THE PRINCIPLE OF RADIATION
Earth and sun separated by vacuum. Heat from sun is transferred
To earth by radiation without the need of medium
ABSORPTION
AND
RADIATION
All materials can absorb and radiate
DEPENDS ON:
1. surrounding temperature
~ object that has higher temperature than its surrounding,
radiates heat
~ object that has lower temperature than its surrounding,
absorbs heat
2. nature of its surface
~ dark and dull best for absorbing heat
~ bright and shiny best for reflecting heat
NATURE OF SURFACE HEAT ABSORPTION
HEAT RADIATION
D UL L
GOOD
GOOD
SHINY
BAD
BAD
BRIGHT
BAD
BAD
GOOD
GOOD
DARK
