Type KAVS
Check Synchronising Relay
T&D
Energy Automation & Information
Type KAVS
Check Synchronising Relay
Figure 1: Relay type KAVS
Features
Introduction
Application
Selectable undervoltage blocking
and differential voltage blocking
features
The KAVS is a check synchronising
relay for application to feeders on
transmission, sub-transmission and
distribution systems.
The KAVS checks that the voltage,
phase angle and frrequency on
either side of an open circuit breaker
are such that it is safe to close. It
provides the check synchronising or
dead line/bus interlocks required for
some auto-reclose applications. It
also provides split system detection,
and check synchronising interlocks
for manual reconnection following a
system split.
Flexible operating logic options
via software function links
Measurement of line and busbar
voltage, system frequency and
phase angle slip frequency
IEC 870-5 compatible
communications via K-Bus
As a part of the K range or relays,
the KAVS can be integrated into an
overall protection and control
system by utilising its integral serial
communications facility.
Models Available
KAVS 100
Integral event recorder
accessible from a remote PC
Comprehensive self-checking and
alarms
Integral disturbance recorder
accessible from a remote PC
Two voltage phase angle
comparators are included, identical
in operation, but having different
angle, slip frequency and timer
settings. This allows different check
synchronising conditions to be
selected for auto-reclosing and
manual circuit breaker closing. The
phase angle comparator is normally
applied for auto-reclosing, and the
system angle comparator for manual
circuit breaker closing.
Functions
Check synchronising
The relay checks that the two part of
the system are in synchronism by
measuring the angle and the slip
frequency between the line voltage
and the bus voltage. Auto-reclose is
blocked if these values exceed the
phase angle and slip frequency
settings. Manual closure is blocked if
these values exceed the system angle
and system slip settings.
Selectable undervoltage and
differential voltage measurements are
available to block closure if the line
and bus voltages are not compatible.
To allow the circuit breaker to be
closed onto an uncharged line, live
line/dead bus, dead line/dead bus
and dead line/live bus detectors are
included. These allow reclosure when
the voltage on the line and/or the bus
VT is below a preset value.
Scheme logic
The KAVS uses ladder logic (Figure 2)
to implement the scheme. It presents
this in the form of contacts, coils,
counters and timers that are
implemented in the software. In
operation, the left side of the ladder is
analogous to a positive supply rail,
with the right side being negative. The
program then acts as an imaginary
current flowing left to right, acting
upon the components on the rungs of
the ladder as appropriate. Changes
to the scheme can be made through a
user interface by opening or closing
software function links, to match the
scheme to a particular application.
Full details of the scheme logic used
are included in the relevant scheme
description. (See Additional
Information.)
External inputs
Software
relay coil
Break
Make
Function link
Software
relay contact
Timer
Output
Make
Figure 2: Example of ladder logic
Inputs and outputs
Disturbance records
KAVS has 8 optically isolated inputs
which may be reassigned by the user
with any of the available functions
from the setting menu.
The internal disturbance recorder has
up to 2 analogue, 16 digital and 1
time channel. The recorder can be
triggered from selectable software
signals, and can store one complete
record. Data is sampled 8 times per
cycle and each channel can store up
to 512 samples. Software is
available to allow records to be
accessed and displayed by a PC.
There are 8 programmable outputs,
each comprising a relay with 1
normally open contact which may
also be reassigned by the user. A
dedicated watchdog output with 1
normaly open and 1 normally closed
contact is also available.
Typical application diagram (Figure 5)
shows the input and output functions
assigned as a factory default setting.
Ancillary Functions
Measurement
The relay can display the magnitude
of the line and bus voltages, line
voltage frequency and slip frequency.
The measurements can be selected by
the user to be displayed as either
primary or secondary quantities.
Primary display quantities are based
on the VT ratios set in the relay. These
quantities can provide a default
setting on the LCD situated on the
relay frontplate.
Event records
Fifty events are stored in a non-volatile
buffer. Software is available to enable
the events to be downloaded to a PC.
Any change of state of a control inpu
or output relay, local setting change or
operation of a control function, is
stored in the relay with a resolution of
1ms. Alarms are also stored as events.
3
Test features
A number of features are provided to
enable the relay to be thoroughly
tested during commissioning, routine
maintenance and fault finding
operations:
The measurement functions allow the
analogue input and its associated
wiring to be checked.
The on/off states of the digital inputs
and relay outputs can be displayed.
Power-on diagnostics and
self-monitoring
Power-on diagnostic tests are carried
out by the relay when it is energised.
These tests include checks on the timer,
microprocessor, memory and the
analogue input circuitry. Continuous
self-monitoring, in the form of
watchdog circuitry, memory checks
and analogue input module tests, is
also performed. In the event of a
failure, the relay will either stop
operating, which resets the watchdog
contact, or will attempt a recovery,
depending on the type of failure
detected.
Hardware Description
Tthe relay is housed in a Midos size
4 case, suitable for either rack or
panel mounting as shown in Figure
6.
A highly integrated 16-bit microcontroller uses digital signal
processing techniques to analyse
power system quantities and
implement scheme logic. The microcontroller performs all of the major
software functions such as input
signal processing, scheme logic,
output relay control and handling of
the operator interface.
The front panel contains a 2 x 16
character alphanumeric back-lit
liquid crystal display (LCD) and 4
pushbuttons to provide local access
to the relays menu. There are also 3
light emitting diodes (LED) for visual
indication of the relays status, ie.
relay healthy, trip, alarm.
Standard Midos terminal blocks are
located at the rear of the relay
providing connections for all input
and output circuitssuch as dc supply,
ac voltage and a K-Bus
communications port.
K bus screened
2 core cable
Figure 3: Communications terminal arrangement
Relay 32
Relay 4
Relay 3
Relay 2
Relay 1
User Interface
Front panel user interface
The features of the relay can be
accessed through a menu driven
system. The menu is arranged in the
form of a table, into each column of
which, related items (menu cells) are
grouped.
Protocol
converter
The user can move around the menu
by means of the keys on the
frontplate. This can be done with the
cover in place, but any change to
the settings requires the cover to be
removed.
KITZ
RS232
Desktop
computer
PC
Remote access user interface
The menu table can also be accessed
via the remote communications facility.
This allows all of the menu cells in a
column to be displayed
simultaneously on the screen of a
PC. Changes to a menu cell can be
made from the PC keyboard.
Figure 4: Basic communication system
K-Bus
Relay interconnection
Communications protocol
The relays are interconnected via a
shielded, twisted wire pair known
as K-Bus. Up to 32 relays may be
connected in parallel across the
bus.
The communications protocol used
with K Range relays is designated
Courier. The Courier language has
been developed specifically for the
purpose of developing generic PC
programs that will, without
modification, communicate with
any device using the Courier
language.
The K-Bus is connected through a
protocol converter known as KITZ,
either directly or via a modem, to
the RS232 port of the PC. The KITZ
provides signals over the bus which
are RS485 based and are
transmitted at 64kbits/s. The K-Bus
connection is shown in Figure 3.
This system allows up to 32 relays
to be accessed through one RS232
communications port. A pictorial
representation of this is shown in
Figure 4.
Software is available with each
KITZ to provide access to the relay
to read and change settings.
Additional software entitled
Protection Access Software &
Toolkit is available. This provides
access to the event recorder and
other additional functions.
Each relay is directly addressable
over the bus to allow
communication with any selected
relay. Global commands may also
be given to all relays on the
network.
In the Courier system, all
information resides within the relay.
Each time communication is
established with the relay, the
requested information is loaded to
the PC. The protocol includes
extensive error checking routines to
ensure the system remains reliable
and secure.
Password protection
Password protection is provided on
settings which alter the
configuration of the relay, any
accidental change to which could
seriously affect the ability of the
relay to perform its intended
function, ie. enable/disable
settings, protection function
characteristic selection and scheme
logic settings.
It should be noted that protection
tripping and blocking signals are
not routed via the K-Bus. Separate
conventional cabling is used for this
purpose; where appropriate the
isolated 48V dc supply available
on each relay is used to energise
the optically-isolated inputs via
external contacts.
Figure 5: Typical application diagram KAVS
Technical Data
Phase angle settings
Contacts
Ratings
Phase angle
5 to 90
Output relays
Inputs:
Eight single make
Contact ratings
Make: 30A and carry for 0.2s
AC voltage
System angle
5 to 90
Vn (nominal)
57V to 120V
System split
90 to 175
Break: dc 50W resistive
Operating range
0 to 440V
Slip frequency settings
(L/R = 0.04s at 300V max)
Carry: 5A continuous
25W inductive
Phase angle check
0.005Hz to 2.000Hz
Maximum withstand
375V
System angle check
0.005Hz to 2.000Hz
Durability
Loaded contact
10,000 operations minimum
Auxiliary voltage Vx
24/125V or 48/250V ac or dc
Time settings
Unloaded contact
100,000 operation minimum
Frequency
50/60Hz
Phase angle check delay
0.1s to 99s
Communications port (K-Bus)
Frequency range
45Hz to 65Hz
System angle check delay
0.1s to 99s
Output:
System split time
0.01s to 600s
Field voltage
48V dc (current limit: 60mA)
Burdens
Auto-reclose inhibit after manual
close
0.01s to 300s
Transmission mode
Synchronous
Signal levels
RS485
Message format
HDLC
AC voltage
0.02VA at 110V phase/neutral
Voltage settings
Data rate
64 kbits/s
Auxiliary voltage
The burden on the auxiliary supply
depends upon the number of output
relays and control inputs
energized.
Undervoltage
22V to 132V
Connection
Multidrop (32 units)
Differential voltage
0.5V to 22V
K-Bus cable
Screened twisted pair
Line/bus dead voltage
5V to line/bus line voltage
K-Bus cable length
1000m (maximum)
Line/bus live voltage
Line/bus dead voltage to 132V
K-Bus loading
32 units (multi-drop system)
Transformer ratios
Connector
Screw terminals
DC
supply
AC
supply
No. of
output
relays
No. of
control
inputs
Typical
burden
0
2
8
0
2
8
2.5 - 6.0W
4.0 - 8.0W
5.5 - 12W
0
2
8
0
2
8
6.0 - 12VA
6.0 - 14VA
13 - 23VA
Voltage transformers
1:1 to 9999:1
Digital inputs
Opto-isolated inputs
Eight- energized from 48V field
voltage
Nominal rating
50V dc
Off voltage
12V
On voltage
35V
7
Isolation
2kV rms for 1 minute
High voltage withstand
Dielectric withstand
IEC 255-5: 1977
2kV rms for 1 minute between
all case terminals (except
terminals 1) connected
together and the case
earth/terminals 1.
2kV rms for 1 minute between
all terminals of independent
circuits with terminals on each
independent circuit connected
together.
1.5kV rms for 1 minute across
open contacts of output relays.
1kV rms for 1 minute across
the open contacts of the
watchdog relays.
High voltage impulse
IEC 255-5: 1977
Three positive and three
negative impulses of 5kV
peak, 1.2/50s,
0.5J between all terminals
and all terminals (except
terminals 1) and case
earth/terminal 1.
Electrical Environment
DC supply interruption
IEC 255-11: 1979
10ms interruption in the
auxiliary supply.
AC ripple on dc supply
IEC 255-11: 1979
12% ac ripple on the dc
supply.
Electrostatic discharge
IEC 255-22-2: 1996 Class III
8.0kV discharge in air with
cover in place.
Class II 4.0kV point contact
discharge with cover
removed.
No additional tolerances are
required for the operating time or
the units thresholds.
Temperature
IEC 68-2-1: 1990 (cold)
Storage and transit 25C to
+70C
IEC 68-2-2: 1974 (dry heat)
Operating 25C to +55C
Humidity
IEC 68-2-3: 1969
56 days at 93% RH and +40C
EMC Compliance
89/336/EEC
Compliance to the European
Commission Directive on EMC is
claimed via the Technical
Construction File route.
Enclosure Protection
IEC 529: 1989
IP50 (dust protected)
Mechanical environment
Vibration
IEC255-21-1: 1988
Response Class 1
Endurance Class 1
EN 50081-2: 1994
EN 50082-2: 1995
Generic Standards were used to
establish conformity.
Shock and bump
IEC255-21-2: 1988
Shock response Class 1
Shock withstand Class 1
Bump Class 1
Product safety
73/23/EEC
Compliance with European
Commission Low Voltage
Directive.
Seismic
IEC255-21-3: 1993 Class 1
EN 6101-1: 1993/A2: 1995
EN 60950: 1992/A3: 1995
Compliance is demonstrated by
reference to generic safety standards.
Case
The relay is housed in a size 4
Midos case as shown in Figure 7.
52
4 holes 4.4
97
23.5
All dimensions in mm.
168
High frequency disturbance
IEC 255-22-1: 1988 Class III
2.5kV peak between
independent circuits and case.
1.0kV peak across terminals
of the same circuit.
No additional tolerances are
required for the operating
time or the units thresholds.
Fast transient disturbance
IEC 255-22-4: 1992 Class III
2.0kV, 5kHz applied directly
to all inputs.
IEC 801-4: 1988 Level 3
4.0kV, 2.5kHz applied to
auxiliary voltage inputs and
the watchdog relay contacts.
Atmospheric environment
159
Push button
projection 10 max.
99
Panel cut-out:
Flush mounting fixing details.
32
Flush mounting.
Figure 7: Case outline size 4
8
25 min.
157 max.
177
103
212
11
Additional Information
KAVS 100 service manual
R8506
Information required with order
Unit type
KAVS 100
Configuration
Standard
Case size
Size 4 Midos flush mounting
Auxiliary voltage
24/125V
48/250V
Ratings
J
Vn = 57.7/120V
Language
English
Glossary
Courier
A communications language developed to provide generic
control, monitoring, data extraction and setting changes on
remote devices (primarily on protective relays) within the
substation environment.
K-Bus
The 64 kbit/s twisted pair cable used to connect Courier
compatible devices and transfer Courier data.
KITZ
The interface unit which converts between K-Bus and IEC870
format data.
PC
Personal computer
2003 ALSTOM - 020300 - Electronic File
Publication: KAVS/EN BR/Bf
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