Introduction to Oracle SQL and PL/SQL
Syllabus
2001-2014 by Donald K. Burleson
Day 1: Introduction to SQL & SQL*Plus
LESSON 1 1: Review of Basic SQL and history of SQL:
Intro to the class
History of SQL
Evolution of SQL
Exercise - declarative SQL
Review of pubs database
SQL constructs:
Select
Project
Join
Describing Oracle tables
Exercise investigate the pubs database
Restricting row returns
Where clause
Exercise write a sample query in the pubs database
Complex Boolean logic in SQL
ROWID restrictions
Exercise write a sample query in the pubs database
LESSON 1-2: Entity/relation modeling
Types of data relationships
Data normalization
One-to-many relationships
One-to-many relationships
Many-to-many relationships
Recursive many-to-many relationships
LESSON 1-3: Optimizing Oracle SQL
Steps in SQL optimization
Parsing a SQL statement
First_rows vs all_rows optimization
Oracle optimizer overview
Management issues with system-wide optimization
Different modes of SQL optimization
Bi-modal databases
Rule-based optimization
Cost-based optimization
All rows optimization
First_rows optimization
Exercise display and change optimizer_mode
SQL Semantic Analysis
Generating the execution plan
Using optimizer plan stability
Using the v$sql view
Using the v$sql_plan view
Exercise Query the library cache
LESSON 1 4: Using SQL*Plus
Creating basic reports
Exercise format a simple query in the pubs database
Using the set commands
Adjusting line output
Setting pagesize and linesize
Echo
Feedback
Verify
termout
Exercise set the SQL*plus environment
Column wrapping
Exercise add column statements
Creating breaks and summaries
Exercise add breaks and summaries
Adding prompts to queries
Exercise parameterize a SQL*Plus script
1-5: Explain plan and reading execution plans
Explain plan
Oracle autotrace
How to read an execution plan
1 6: altering SQL execution plans
Using hints
DAY 2:
Joining Oracle tables
2-1 - Table joining internals
Sort-merge joins
Nested Loop joins
Hash joins
STAR joins
Bitmap joins
Exercise Change table join techniques & evaluate performance
Equi-join
Exercise write an equi-join
Outer join
Exercise write an outer join
Hiding joins by creating views
Exercise create a view of a join
LESSON 2 5 :Subqueries
Using IN, NOT IN, EXISTS and NOT EXISTS
Subqueries
Exercise write a subquery
Correlated subquery
Non-correlated subqueries
Advanced SQL operators
Between operator
IN and NOT In operators
Sub-queries
EXISTS clause
Using wildcards in queries (LIKE operator)
SQL access methods
Review of Basic joining methods
Merge join
Hash Join
Nested Loop join
Advanced SQL operators
Between operator
DAY 3: SQL Tuning
3-1 DML and SQL Tuning
Writing and optimizing INSERT statements
Writing and optimizing DELETE statements
Writing and optimizing UPDATE statements
3-2 Optimizer Statistics
Purpose of statistics
Types of statistics (table, column, system)
Histogram statistics
Dynamic sampling
using dbms_stats
Exporting/importing statistics
Statistics management
Exercise gather system stats
1-6 SQL Tuning and full-table scans
Basics of file I/O
Sequential reads vs. scattered reads
When full scans are best
RAM caching in the SGA
Automating table caching
Solid State Disks
Tracking full-scans over time with AWR
Exercise Query v$sql
1 3: Aggregation IN sql
Aggregation in SQL
Count(*)
Sum
Avg
Min and max
Using the group by clause
DAY 4
PL/SQL Section
1. Basics of PL/SQL
PL/SQL architecture
PL/SQL and SQL*Plus
PL/SQL Basics
Introduction to PL/SQL
PL/SQL as a 4th generation language
Compiling vs. Interpreting
Declare statement
Exercise: Write hello world PL/SQL program
Using PL/SQL Variables
PL/SQL Constants
PL/SQL Datatypes
Error messages user_errors and show errors
PL/SQL wrapper utility
2. PL/SQL structures
Simple blocks
Control structures
PL/SQL records
Recognizing the Basic PL/SQL Block and Its Sections
Describing the Significance of Variables in PL/SQL
Distinguishing Between PL/SQL and Non-PL/SQL Variables
Declaring Variables and Constants
Executing a PL/SQL Block
3. Error checking exception handling
Defining exceptions
Using the when others clause
Ensuring complete error checking
Passing error messages to calling routine
4. Boolean logic in PL/SQL
Identifying the Uses and Types of Control Structures
Constructing an IF Statement
Constructing and Identifying Different Loop Statements
Controlling Block Flow Using Nested Loops and Labels
Using Logic Tables
If-then-else structure
Testing for numbers characters and Booleans
5. Cursors in PL/SQL
Cursor basics
Using a cursor for a multi-row SQL query
6. Iteration in PL/SQL
For loop
While loop
DAY 5
7. PL/SQL tables
Defining PL/SQL tables
Reasons to use PL/SQL tables
Populating a PL/SQL table
Retrieving from a PL/SQL table
8. Dynamic SQL in PL/SQL
Introduction to the dbms_sql package
Creating a dynamic SQL statement
9. Nested blocks in PL/SQL
Creating nested blocks
Understanding scope in nested blocks
10. Triggers in PL/SQL
Triggers and database events
Defining a trigger
Timing a trigger
Enabling and disabling a trigger
11. Stored procedures, functions and packages
Basics of stored procedures
Basics of functions
Basics of packages
Defining stored procedures & functions
Function and stored procedures prototypes
Passing arguments to functions and stored procedures
Recompiling functions and stored procedures
Pinning packages in the SGA with dbms_shared_pool.keep
Package forward declaration
Package dependency
Package overloading
Listing package information
12. Bulking in PL/SQL
Bulk queries
Bulk DML (forall statement)
Using cursor attributes
