Scribd
Upload
156 views9 pages

Horticulture: Apple and Fruit Varieties

This document provides information about horticulture and gardening technologies. It discusses various fruit tree breeds such as apples, pears, stone fruits, berries, nuts, and citrus. For apples, it describes their origin and taxonomy, morphology, requirements, and popular varieties like Golden Delicious, Bella de Boskoop, Bramley's Seedling, Cox's Orange Pippin, Early Red One, Elstar, and Golden Smoothee. It provides details for each variety such as description, origin, availability periods, and uses. The document also mentions stocks and their features as well as garden plant growing technologies, protection from diseases and pests, and vegetable garden plant breeds.

Uploaded by

Antonio Palmero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • Economic performance,
  • Nutty trees,
  • Berry plants,
  • Stone fruit,
  • Fruit production,
  • Fruit cultivation,
  • Climate,
  • Garden plants,
  • Golden Smoothee,
  • Plant protection
156 views9 pages

Horticulture: Apple and Fruit Varieties

This document provides information about horticulture and gardening technologies. It discusses various fruit tree breeds such as apples, pears, stone fruits, berries, nuts, and citrus. For apples, it describes their origin and taxonomy, morphology, requirements, and popular varieties like Golden Delicious, Bella de Boskoop, Bramley's Seedling, Cox's Orange Pippin, Early Red One, Elstar, and Golden Smoothee. It provides details for each variety such as description, origin, availability periods, and uses. The document also mentions stocks and their features as well as garden plant growing technologies, protection from diseases and pests, and vegetable garden plant breeds.

Uploaded by

Antonio Palmero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • Economic performance,
  • Nutty trees,
  • Berry plants,
  • Stone fruit,
  • Fruit production,
  • Fruit cultivation,
  • Climate,
  • Garden plants,
  • Golden Smoothee,
  • Plant protection

KAUNO KOLEGIJA

TACHNOLOGIJ IR KRATOTVARKOS FAKULTETAS


ELDINI IR AGROTECHNOLOGIJ KATEDRA

HORTICULTURE AND GARDENING TECHNOLOGIES

Darb atliko:
Darb tikrino: lektorius : Donatas Klimaviius

Kaunas
2015

CONTENT
1.
2.
3.
4.

Introduction. 3
Apple-tree...
Pears .
Stone fruit plants breeds
characteristic..
5. Berry plant breeds characteristic..
6. Nutty trees
7. Citrus
8. Stocks and their features..
9. Garden plants growing technology..
10. Garden plants protection from diseases and vermin.
11. Vegetable-garden plant breeds...

1. INTRODUCTION

Agriculture was until the 1960s the mainstay of the Spanish economy, but currently employs
only about 5% of the workforce, so we can say that Spain is no longer an agrarian
country..

Factors that influence agriculture in Spain


Physical
Altitude: Spain is a country with a high average altitude (600 m), and considering that the
optimum altitude for the development of agriculture is about 200 m, we can see that only 11.4
of our territory has the optimum altitude for their development.
ClimateErosion:
Historical
Flock of sheep pastos.La way of their livestock protection: During the Middle Ages the
Christian kings were more concerned that livestock agriculture.
Expansion of irrigated area: Since the reservoirs constructed were derived in different river
water through canals. .
Land consolidation: The various acquisitions of rural property had left the land largely
fragmented. .
Current problems and contrasts:
Population and farm land: The agricultural workforce has decreased in recent decades,
becoming in 2006 of 5% percent of the working population.
Techniques: In the irrigated areas is a widespread practice of forced crops. A veritable sea of
plastic shields now extends irrigation of different areas bordering the Mediterranean..
Economic performance: The widening of the area irrigated, the crop under plastic shields,
mechanization, seed selection and in general, the improvements have increased crop yields.
Significance of the agricultural sector in the Spanish economy
Below is a table which reflects the participation of the agricultural sector in gross domestic
product GDP of Spain throughout the twentieth century and the share of employment in this
sector occupied during the same period. It should be noted that the agriculture sector includes
both the agriculture, livestock and forestry. The information displayed shows the loss of
relative importance of this sector within the economy.
Year
1901
1950
1960
1970
1980

%GDP
46,6
23,45
30,90
30,89
30,21
3

%EMPLOYMENT
66,7
19,77
22,27
27,14
26,37

1990
2000
2006
2007

26,55
23,14
16,00
16,50

22,92
19,91
14,03
14,50

The Spanish agricultural production has great diversity, a consequence of the varied climatic
and soil conditions prevailing in the different areas of the country.
Been cultivated species native to the temperate climate to tropical species, through typical
Mediterranean crops: vineyards, olive, citrus, vegetables, etc.. Fruit and vegetable production
accounts for approximately half of the Spanish agricultural production, with a wide range of
products (vegetables, citrus, stone fruit and pome, tropical fruits, etc..), Many of which are
exported.
PRODUCTCS
Wheat
Peper
Barley
Strawberry
Garlic
Corn
Rice
Potato
Orange
Sugar beet
Cotton
Limon
Apple
Lettuce
Tomato
Wine and grape
Olive oil

VOLUME
3815
8.971
2.661.449
7.251
26.247
449.497
110.785
55.788
152.183
484
343.000
36.980
33.175
2.761
12.124
26.022
2.446.133

2. APPLE-TREE
ORIGIN
It is unknown the exact origin of the apple, but is believed to be crossing and selection of
several species of European and Asian wild apple trees
TAXONOMY AND MORPHOLOGY
Family:
Rosaceae
Species:.

Malus domestica

Plant:

Plant native to Europe and western Asia that was cultivated in


Egyptian times. Short trunk and rounded crown, can reach up to
15 meters high. Its bark is rough and cracked into small irregular
patches.
rootstock

Root system:
Leaves:
Flowers:

Fruit:

Apple leaves are deciduous, dark green on the upper side and
on its underside verdeclaro, stout, oval, stalked, with stipules
and jagged edges.
Malus; Its flowers are white with pink hues on the edges, you
penduculadas, young branches grouped in clusters of three to
six units. They are hermaphrodites with a cup of five sepals,
five petals crown and numerous yellow stamens. The apple
blossoms in spring before the annual appearance of its
leaves.
Apple; Its fruit is the apple. Yellow-green or red skin is
smooth and shiny. Its flesh is juicy and sweet and contains
seeds. The apple is ripened to the fall.

REQUIREMENTS PEDOLOGICAL
It is more resistant to cold than the pear and not need that much heat and light for ripening.
.
VARIETY
The breeds and varieties of apple are innumerable (pass the thousand), as it has accompanied
man since ancient times.

Golden
Delicious
(Golden
Delicious)

This variety is known since


early last century. It was in
the United States at the end
of s. XIX from a seed. He is
also known as Golden,
Golden Smoothe, 972
Golden and Golden B.
The skin is evenly colored,
greenish yellow; at the
point where the fruit has
been exposed to sun
becomes reddish. Lenticels
usually marked and
sometimes can be rough.
The shape is rounded and
regular. The flesh is crisp,
moderately juicy, sweet,
slightly acidic and aromatic.
It is used fresh or juice and
is also used in pastry for its
acidity point, however, it is
less than the Granny Smith.
It is not an apple puree, but
works well for filling pies.
In Spain, the season when
there are Golden Delicious
market sourced locally
extends between September
and August in the Northern
Hemisphere.

Bella de
Boskoop

The skin color of this apple


can vary from yellow-green
to red. This is a big apple
with firm flesh, acidic, juicy
and yellow. It is suitable for
fresh consumption and for
processing all types. It is a
variety of Dutch origin and
is available from October to
April in the Northern
Hemisphere markets.

Bramleys
Seedling

Coxs
Orange
Pippin

Early Red
One

It is a large apple, slightly


flattened, sometimes
slightly asymmetric. It is
green but turns yellow and
sometimes has a reddish
shade in the face that gets
the sun. The flesh is firm
and white. The skin is quite
thin. It has sour taste and is
excellent for cooking. The
name comes from the
producer who developed
this variety in the
nineteenth century.
Availability is from October
to April in the Northern
Hemisphere.
It is one of the most popular
varieties in the UK, Holland
and Belgium. It was
obtained in 1830 and is of
English origin. The fruits
are ribbed red on yellow
and green background. Its
rounded shape is very
regular and size is medium.
It is very aromatic and it
tastes delicious.

Your skin is shiny and


bright red, without streaks,
in all the fruit, so it is a very
attractive variety. Its meat is
tender and consistent;
although slightly aromatic,
it has a sweet taste. Besides
eaten fresh, it is widely
used for cooking, grilled or
stewed. It is in the market
from September to June in
the Northern Hemisphere.

Elstar

Golden
Smoothee

It is a new variety obtained


from crossing Golden
Delicious with other
varieties. It's a big apple, on
a regular basis. The
background color is golden
yellow with a reddish plate.
The flesh is juicy and crisp
with a pleasant
characteristic aroma. It is
not very appropriate range
for processing. In the
Northern Hemisphere
markets it is available
between November and
mid-April.
The 'Golden Smoothee'
have very thin and shiny
skin. According to the
ripeness, color varies from
green to yellow. Its flesh is
crisp, juicy, sweet and
aromatic. It is suitable for
fresh consumption in juice,
fruit salads and cakes. It is
on the market almost all
year, from September to
August in the Northern
Hemisphere.

Common questions

Powered by AI

The role of agriculture in Spain's economy has diminished over time, reflecting a decreased percentage of GDP and employment. In 1901, agriculture contributed 46.6% to GDP and employed 66.7% of the workforce, whereas by 2006, these figures had dropped to 16% of GDP and 14.03% of employment .

The morphology, including the short trunk and rounded crown of apple trees, allows for easier harvesting and maintenance. The deciduous leaves and hermaphroditic flowers aid in widespread pollination, improving fruit yield. These characteristics make apple trees versatile for both fresh consumption and processing .

The 'Golden Delicious' variety is significant due to its consistent production and versatility. It is grown locally in Spain, with its market season extending from September to August, making it a staple for fresh consumption and culinary uses. Its moderate acidity and aroma contribute to its popularity .

The decline from 66.7% employment in 1901 to 14.03% in 2006 indicates a shift towards a service-oriented economy. This transition led to increased urbanization and reliance on technological efficiencies in agriculture, reducing labor demand while boosting overall productivity. Consequently, the economic structure diversified with less reliance on agriculture .

Technological advancements, including the expansion of irrigated areas, crop mechanization, and seed selection, have significantly increased agricultural productivity. Infrastructure improvements such as reservoirs and irrigation canals have supported these technological efforts, leading to higher crop yields and economic performance .

Key factors include Spain's high average altitude (600 m) that is suboptimal for agriculture, with only 11.4% of the territory having the ideal altitude of 200 m. The climate, characterized by variations that support both temperate and tropical crop cultivation, also plays a significant role .

Apples such as 'Golden Delicious' and 'Bella de Boskoop' are preferred for fresh consumption due to their taste and texture, while varieties like 'Bramley's Seedling' are favored for cooking due to their firmness and sour taste. This versatility allows producers in Spain to cater to diverse consumer preferences and culinary needs .

Spain's diverse agricultural production, ranging from temperate to tropical crops such as vegetables, citrus, and stone fruits, enables extensive export activities. This diversity is due to the varied climatic and soil conditions in different regions, allowing Spain to supply a wide range of products to international markets .

Historical factors such as medieval livestock-focused policies and land fragmentation have long shaped Spanish agriculture. Social changes, including urbanization and industrialization, have led to a reduced agricultural workforce, accounting for only 5% of employment by 2006. These factors reflect both the impacts of historical practices and modern economic transformations .

Apples require relatively cold-resistant conditions and do not need excessive heat or light for ripening. This influences the suitability of varieties like the 'Golden Delicious' and 'Bella de Boskoop', which thrive under such conditions and are popular in Spain due to their adaptability .

You might also like