Abdul basit
Ahmed raza
Humayon shahzad
M zubair
Topic:
Jobs opportunities in rural and
urban community
Jobs Opportunities in Rural and Urban
Community
An urban area is the region surrounding a city. Most inhabitants of urban
areas have nonagricultural jobs. Urban areas are very developed,
meaning there is a density of human structures such as
houses, commercial buildings, roads, bridges, and railways.
"Urban area" can refer to towns, cities, and suburbs. An urban area
includes the city itself, as well as the surrounding areas. Many urban
areas are called metropolitan areas, or "greater," as in Greater New York
or Greater London.
When two or more metropolitan areas grow until they combine, the
result may be known as a megalopolis. In the United States, the urban
area of Boston, Massachusetts, eventually spread as far south as
Washington, D.C., creating the megalopolis of Boss Wash, or the
Northeast Corridor.
Rural areas are the opposite of urban areas. Rural areas, often called "the
country," have low population density and large amounts of undeveloped
land. Usually, the difference between a rural area and an urban area is
clear. But in developed countries with large populations, such as Japan,
the difference is becoming less clear. In the United States, settlements
with 2,500 inhabitants or more are defined as urban. In Japan, which is
far more densely populated than the U.S., only settlements with 30,000
people or more are considered urban.
Throughout the world, the dominant pattern of migration within
countries has been from rural to urban areas. This is partly because
improved technology has decreased the need for agricultural workers
and partly because cities are seen as offering greater economic
opportunities. Most of the worlds people, however, still live in rural
areas.
There are a variety of jobs which offer good employment prospects for
those living in rural areas. Below are ten of the most promising positions
for those looking to live the country life.
Our Best Rural Jobs
Career #1: Registered Nurse
As the largest healthcare occupation overall (there are over 2.6 million
nurses employed across the country), nurses comprise a significant
portion of rural employment and employment continues to grow.
Nursing is among the most challenging yet rewarding healthcare
professions available, offering the chance to form real bonds with
patients while making lasting, substantial improvements to their health.
Career #2: Accountants and Auditors
As financial and tax regulations become more complex, professional
help is more crucial than ever to help manage budgets and tax
documents. Accountants and auditors help individuals manage their
finances and tax documents, and help organizations adhere to regulations
and run efficiently.
.
Career #3: Construction Manager
The regulations concerning new buildings and building renovation have
grown increasingly complex. This means those in charge of construction
sites must have the skills and knowledge to not only manage the project
at hand, but to do so within the guidelines set forth by local, state, and
federal regulations. Thats where construction managers come in.
..
Career #4: Pharmacist
Pharmacists dispense both medicine and expertise to patients, and
particularly in rural communities, they tend to form lasting relationships
with the patients they see on a regular basis.
.
Career #5: Optometrist
Optometrists are most peoples main sources for eye and vision care.
They examine peoples eyesight and prescribe eyeglasses, contact
lenses, and other corrective measures for their patients. Optometrists can
provide a variety of other services, including glaucoma testing,
prescribing medication for vision and eye maladies, and providing preand post-operative care for patients needing surgery.
Career #6: Petroleum Engineer
Even as the country makes a concerted effort to switch to green,
renewable energy sources, our need for petroleum products is still
growing and will continue to remain strong for the foreseeable future.
Petroleum engineers design methods for discovering, extracting, and
managing oil and gas deposits. They design and maintain equipment,
analyze deposits, develop enhanced recovery methods, as well as a
variety of other duties.
Career #7: Personal Financial Advisor
No matter where you live, the expertise of qualified advisors is
necessary in managing financial portfolios. Personal financial advisors
help people manage their assets to meet both short- and long-term goals.
They help people in the country and city alike decide which stocks,
bonds, mutual funds, and other financial products to invest in, and which
to avoid.
The job market for personal financial advisors is expected to grow
steadily in the next ten years, and a growing retired population,
particularly in rural areas, will require professional assistance in
managing their portfolios.
Career #8: Teacher
There is much talk these days about the flagging performance of urban
schools, yet country schools need good, dedicated teachers just as much
as their city counterparts. Job prospects for teachers are expected to be
strong in rural areas, as there are simply fewer teachers vying for jobs.
Veterinarians provide a crucial service to rural communities. While most
veterinarians spend the majority of their time treating companion
animals, rural veterinarians may also treat farm animals and livestock as
well.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts employment of veterinarians to
increase by a third (33 percent) over the next decade, almost three times
the national average for all jobs. Further, as most veterinarians seek to
work in major cities or avoid working outside, opportunities for rural
vets are expected to be excellent.
Career #10 Civil Engineer
Civil engineers are responsible for making sure our roads, bridges,
buildings, and other construction projects are safe, stable, and able to
withstand the elements. They are involved in every major construction
project; they often consult in the design and implementation of the plan,
and they also inspect, monitor, and analyze buildings and construction
during and after construction.
Our Best Urban Careers
Career #1: Actuary
Utilizing keen knowledge of statistics, risk management, finance and
insurance, actuaries estimate the probability of negative occurrences and
help companies deal with that risk. They help create standards that can
dictate who an insurance company will issue policies to, or what the
safest possible investment strategies are for finance companies.
The employment of actuaries is expected to increase much faster than
the national average in the coming decade, with much of the new jobs
being created with consulting firms and industries seeking to expand
their risk-management capabilities.
Career #2: Environmental Engineer
Our society is more concerned with the environment than ever before.
Environmental engineers employ the principles of biology and chemistry
in order to solve waste management, air pollution, and public health
issues, along with many others.
Career #3: Physical Therapist
Physical therapists help those with illnesses, injuries, or other healthrelated conditions that impair their ability to move and function in their
daily lives. Physical therapists teach their patients a variety of exercises
that increase muscular and cardiovascular fitness, prevent further loss of
mobility and attempt to regain any lost range of motion.
Career #4: Software Engineer
Computers are everywhere in todays society: desktops in our offices,
laptops in our bags, and smart phones in our pockets. The software to
run all of these devices were created by software engineers, men and
women trained to create efficient, useful software to best serve the end
users needs. Software engineers work on operating systems and
individual applications, and often have knowledge of several
programming languages.
Career #5: Computer and Information
Systems Manager
Drawing on their expertise, computer and information systems managers
plan and coordinate research and development of the technology-related
activities of businesses an organizations. From the conceptualization and
design of networks and systems to process analytics to upkeep,
maintenance, and security, these managers can play a role in nearly any
aspect of information technology (IT) processes.
Career #6: Real Estate Broker
When youre seeking to purchase a new home, you need someone with
extensive knowledge of the local neighborhoods, housing conditions,
and home prices. Real estate brokers provide this expertise to their
clients and facilitate the sale by setting up meetings between buyers and
sellers, arranging financing, and even assuming legal duties in finalizing
and closing sales.
Career #7: Logistician
Logisticians analyze the flow of goods within an organization. They are
responsible for making sure that inventory, transportation, and
distribution are handled as efficiently as possible during the entire
lifecycle of a product. Logistical operations have become crucially
important in business, as the amount of money that can be saved through
efficient logistics is huge.
Career #8: Biomedical Engineer
Biomedical engineers research and develop the advanced medical
technologies and devices that help save lives of many and improve the
day-to-day lives of many more. They research, analyze and develop a
variety of medical systems and products, including prostheses, medical
information systems, and artificial organs.
Career #9: Anesthesiologist
Many medical and surgical procedures require anesthetics in order to
keep the patients pain-free and comfortable. Anesthesiologists
administer the anesthetics annd maintain patient life functions (heart
rate, body temperature, blood pressure, breathing) during medical
procedures. They may also work with patients dealing with chronic pain.
.
Career #10: Computer and Information
Research Scientist
Research scientists in the computer and information systems field
investigate fundamental computing and technological problems, develop
and test theories, and design new products and innovate existing
technology. Working closely with hardware and software engineers, they
are at the heart of the burgeoning computer industry, providing the
innovation and developing the industry standards that keep the U.S.
computing industry competitive in the global market.
The LEADER Initiative promotes a new approach to rural development
based precisely on the assumption that available resources are indeed
quite different from one rural area to the next. This implies that the
demand and supply for labour become increasingly more area- specific
and differentiated.
This has contributed significantly to an acknowledgement of the
relevance of the diversity of rural labour markets, and to the creation of
specific projects and tools which have proved extremely efficient in
responding, among other development issues, to local employment
problems. This implies that one area might have been very successful
and another not at all, depending on the type of activity, the local
entrepreneurs' participation, the technical and financial assistance
offered, and the availability of training and skilled workers.
The second important contribution of LEADER to the current
employment debate, is that job creation in rural areas is better solved as
a policy objective when it is set as an indirect rather than as a direct aim.
In other words, rather than aim for job creation directly, it would be
better to carry out a SWOT analysis of the area, and then define and
implement the strategies and actions accordingly - an approach
promoted by LEADER. Within this global project area framework, it is
more appropriate to identify employment needs for the local active
population as well as from the perspective of local enterprises and
foreseen initiatives. In this way a fatalistic approach based on subsidies
and assistance is more easily avoided and job creation becomes more
adapted to local conditions, more sustainable and real, even if the jobs
created are often insecure in terms of duration, intensity and revenue.
In general we may say that the undifferentiated perspective does not give
an overview of the ongoing diversification of economic activities. This
process is by definition area specific because it is frequently associated
with adding value to endogenous resources, and varies from one area to
the next. The LEADER Initiative has "fitted" very neatly in this new
territorially differentiated perspective and has contributed to job creation
through an area- based, integrated development process.
In the next sections these aspects will be dealt with in more detail, but let
us first consider the trends in employment outside rural areas and the
opportunities that these are bringing to rural areas.
