Types Of Industry

The term industry refers to a field or an organization involved in the production of

goods or extraction of natural resources. The economy of a country depends on the
industries it has. The more industries a country has the more economically rich and
stable it is.
The type of an industry a country mostly depends on relies on the presence of the
available resources in the country. However only the presence of resources is not
enough for the industry to work, it is important that the amount used for the
production of good is exceeded by the amount taken for its consumption. Hard work
and labor are another factor for the industry to work.
The presence of many and successful industries in a country make it economically
stable not only because it increases the chance of trade but it also enhances the
employment structure of the country. The more industries in a country the more scope
and chances for the people to earn. One of the many reasons why some countries
have left behind others and are successful and rich is the presence of many
industries.
When it comes to diving industries into different types there are two bases for its
classifications. Firstly on the basis of three economic sectors there are three types of
industries:

Primary industries

Secondary industries

Tertiary industries
Secondly, industries can be named according to the products produced in it, for
example: Fish industry, Petroleum industry, Electronic industry, Mechanical industry,
Dairy products industry, and Software industry, Meat packing industry, agricultural
industry and many more.
Lets, in detail discuss the three main sectors of industries:
Industrial Revolutions In Different Eras

Industrial Revolutions
During the 18th century dramatic changes took place in history. People started to shift from an
agrarian culture to a more sophisticated machine culture.

Primary Industry
The primary industry or the primary sector of industry is involved in extraction of raw material
form the earth.
The raw material extracted via this industry is the basis for the production of other goods;
hence other industries depend on this industry.
However, few countries today entirely depend on the primary industry for its economy.
Until the mid 18th century, before the industrial revolution, the world depended on the primary
sector; it played the most important role in the employment structure as the majority of the
people worked for it.
But today less than 1/3rd of the population is working in it and a nations economy does not
completely depend on it.
However in its absence the other industries on which a country depend will fall down.
The primary industry includes:

Agricultural industry which is responsible for production of raw vegetables, fruits, grains
and animals for meat. Agricultural industry is a vast industry which includes: poultry
industry and farming.
Mining industry which is responsible for the mining of coal, minerals, stones and metal
form the earths surface

Fishing industry which is responsible for gathering fish form seas, lakes and rivers

Forestry industry which is involved in the production of trees for raw wood and plants.

Industrial Vehicles & Cranes

Types Of Cranes
Crane is a huge tower to which trolleys and pulleys are attached and is used to lift extremely heavy objects.
Cranes are either attached to movable vehicles or are fixed to the ground.

Types Of Steel And Uses

About Steel
Steel is basically an alloy of iron and carbon with a small percentage of other metals such as nickel,
chromium, aluminum, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten etc.

School, the most basic block of Education Industry, that shape the future of a nation.

The Secondary Industry

The secondary industry is responsible for converting the raw material obtained by the primary industry into
finished goods.
The secondary industry grew rapidly after the industrial revolution, new tools and methods were invented and
work increased.
Now it was the secondary industry which had more chances of employment and slowly it took place of the
primary industry.
By the 20th century it was the secondary industry which played a major role in the world economy.
Majority of countries depended on their secondary industry.
The secondary industry includes:

Food industry which converts raw vegetables and meat into food. A bakery where wheat is converted into

bread is involved in the secondary industry.

Textile industry

Automobile industry

Building industry

Sport good industry

Tertiary Industry
The tertiary industry is involved in public service.
It was the least popular industry until the 18th century, but with the advent of industrial revolution the tertiary
sector too revolutionized along with the secondary sector and today it is the tertiary industry which is the most
important industry of any country.

It plays the major role in the employment structure and the economy of any country mostly depends on the
tertiary industry.
The tertiary industry includes:

Banking

Health services

Education

Civil defense forces

Delivery services

Insurance

What is Industry ? Meaning

The production side of business activity is referred as industry. It is a business activity, which is related to the raising, producing,
processing or manufacturing of products.
The products are consumer's goods as well as producer's goods. Consumer goods are goods, which are used finally by consumers.
E.g. Food grains, textiles, cosmetics, VCR, etc. Producer's goods are the goods used by manufacturers for producing some other
goods. E.g. Machinery, tools, equipments, etc.
Expansion of trade and commerce depends on industrial growth. It represents the supply side of market.

Classification / Types of Industries

There are various types of industries. These are mentioned as follows :-

1. Primary Industry
Primary industry is concerned with production of goods with the help of nature. It is a nature-oriented industry, which requires very
little human effort. E.g. Agriculture, farming, forestry, fishing, horticulture, etc.

2. Genetic Industry
Genetic industries are engaged in re-production and multiplication of certain spices of plants and animals with the object of sale.
The main aim is to earn profit from such sale. E.g. plant nurseries, cattle rearing, poultry, cattle breeding, etc.
.

3. Extractive Industry
Extractive industry is concerned with extraction or drawing out goods from the soil, air or water. Generally products of extractive
industries come in raw form and they are used by manufacturing and construction industries for producing finished products. E.g.
mining industry, coal mineral, oil industry, iron ore, extraction of timber and rubber from forests, etc.

4. Manufacturing Industry
Manufacturing industries are engaged in transforming raw material into finished product with the help of machines and manpower.
The finished goods can be either consumer goods or producer goods. E.g. textiles, chemicals, sugar industry, paper industry, etc.

5. Construction Industry
Construction industries take up the work of construction of buildings, bridges, roads, dams, canals, etc. This industry is different
from all other types of industry because in case of other industries goods can be produced at one place and sold at another place.
But goods produced and sold by constructive industry are erected at one place.

6. Service Industry

In modern times service sector plays an important role in the development of the nation and therefore it is named as service
industry. The main industries, which fall under this category, include hotel industry, tourism industry, entertainment industry, etc.

What are the important types of Industries found in

India?
Iron and steel, jute and cotton industries were established with the help of modern technique of production
before independence. Industrialization has been given more importance after independence in different Five Year
Plans. As a result, our country has become an industrially developed country now.
The following industries are the important industries of India:

Iron and Steel

Textile
Cotton

Jute
Wool

Silk
Man-made fiber

Cement
Chemical Fertilizer

Paper
Iron and Steel Industry:

The use of iron in India is too old. Iron Pillar of Delhi and use of iron in old temples of Puri and
Konark show that iron was used in ancient time. The use of iron has increased in the modern
days. Beginning from needles to machineries, cycles to aero planes and windows, doors, big
buildings, dams and projects are prepared and constructed with the help of iron.
In our day to day life, we use iron and steel in different works. Iron is the result of the melting
of iron ore. Different qualities of steel are produced with the help of different metals like
manganese and chromium with iron. So iron-ore, highly inflammable coal, manganese,
chromite's and limestone are known as raw materials of iron and steel industry. "
Though some steps were taken during 19th century to produce iron and steel in new
technique, but modern technique was used in iron and steel industry only in 1907 when TATA
established iron and steel industry. This iron and steel industry was established with the help
TATA Iron and Steel Company. In the year 1918, Indian Iron and Steel Company established
iron and steel industry in Burnout of West Bengal.
In the year 1923 Mysore Iron and Steel Industry was established in Bhadravati of Karnataka. It
is now known as Base Sharia Iron and Steel Industry.

There was no significant development in iron and steel industry except these above stated
three industries prior to independence. After independence, Central Government took serious
steps to develop iron and steel industries in different plan periods. As a result Rourkela Steel
Plant was constructed in Orissa with the help of West Germany.
A Steel Plant was constructed in Madhya Pradesh with the help of the U.S.S.R. Durgapur Steel
Plant in West Bengal was established with the help of the U.K. and Bokhara Steel Plant in Bihar
with the help of the U.S.S.R. All these iron and steel industries were in the public sector. The
Burnout Indian Steel and Iron Industry which was in private sector became nationalized in the
year 1972.
Steel Authority of India was established in the year 1978 and all the above iron and steel
industries were under the control of SAIL. Except these new iron and steel industries like Salem
in Tamilnadu, Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh and Vijay Nagar of Karnataka have been
constructed. Neelachal Steel Corporation now is in the Plan to be constructed at Datary of
Orissa. There are also mini-steel plants in different parts of the country.
Due to nationalization of new industries and fruitful and planned expansion of private sector in
the development of iron and steel industries, this has led to significant improvement in this
field. Out of the Common Wealth States, England, Canada and India are first, second and third
respectively in the field of iron and steel production.

Textile Industry:
Textile industry is an old industry of India. India is famous for her traditional hand-woven cottage industry for
producing cloth. Gradually we used cotton, jute, wool and artificial fiber like rayon, terrene and polyester etc. to
produce cloth and different types of textile industries have been established.
Cotton Industry:
Cotton clothes are more popular in India because of hot climate. Cotton industry uses cotton as prime raw
materials. With the help of cotton, sires, dhotis, chadors and sheets are produced. The first cotton industry was
established in the year of 1851 in Bombay. Though cotton industries are found throughout the country but it is
more expanded in the States of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamilnadu.
Except these States, cotton industries are also found in Kanpur and Midnapur of Uttar Pradesh, Kolkata of West
Bengal, Gwalior of Madhya Pradesh, Mysore and Bangalore of Karnataka, Jetport of Rajasthan, Britani of
Haryana, Amritsar of Punjab, Chuwar of Orissa and in the union territories of Delhi. Large scale cotton yarn
industries have been operating to provide yarn to the handloom industry of Andhra Pradesh and Kerala.
Jute Industry:
The fibred of jute plant is known as jute. This jute is regarded as raw material of jute industry and bags, ropes,
kerpal, karpet and small ropes are produced from it. The first jute industry was established in the year of 1854 in
Risra near the river Hoogly which is situated 23 kms away from Kolkata. Most of the jute industries of India are
situated near the river the Hoogly in West Bengal.
Jute is cultivated more near the Hoogly River. So jute industry gets more raw materials as jute. The reasons for
the development of jute industry are transport facilities, availability of raw materials and Kolkata Port. Except
West Bengal, jute industries have been established in the other States like Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh,
Madhya Pradesh and Orissa.
Wool Textile Industry:
Wool is produced from the fur of sheep, goats and other animals. Wool is regarded as raw material of wool
industry which produces shawl, sweater, blankets, mufflers and other warm dress materials. First wool knitting
industry was established in 1876 in Kanpur.
Due to lack of good wool fur and lack of demand for these products, wool industries were not developed before
independence. This industry has developed a lot after independence due to importance on different five year

plans. These industries are now using good quality imported wool fur from Argentina and Australia. Important
wool industries are found in Dhariwal of Punjab, Ludhiana and Amritsar, Bombay, Kanpur and Agra of Uttar
Pradesh, Baroda and Ahmedabad of Gujarat.
Silk Textile Industry:
Silk worm or moths are, brought up in mulberry trees. Silk is obtained from the cocoons formed by silk worms.
Silk is collected through this manner in the States of Jammu and Kashmir, West Bengal and Tamilnadu. In other
regions like Orissa, Assam, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar, silk is collected not from mulberry trees but from Enid
insects.
Silk and Tossups are used for silk fabrics. Silk fabrics are generally smooth and light. So these are very popular. In
the year 1832, the first silk textile industry was established with the help of East India Company in Howrah of
West Bengal. But now the important silk textile industries are found in the Srinagar of Jammu and Kashmir,
Murshidabad of West Bengal, Goalpada of Assam, Amritsar of Punjab and in the Mysore and Bangalore of
Karnataka.

Man-made Fiber Industry:

Nylon, terelene, and polyester etc. are artificial fibers. Rayon fiber is produced from
bamboo and wood pulp, nylon fiber from coal and tideline fiber from petroleum. These
fibers are durable.
Nowadays, we find different types of dresses and garments produced with the help of
these artificial fibers. Except these, threads and ropes which are produced from these
artificial fibers are strong and durable and they are also used to knit net to catch fish.
Artificial fiber industries are found in Bombay, Kanpur, Kolkata, Chennai, Pune, Nagpur,
Rajonpuram (Maharashtra) etc.
Cement Industry:

Buildings, bridges and dams are constructed with the help of cement. The
development of a country depends upon the use and production of cement. The
importance of cement is more for a developing country like India. The first cement
industry of India was established in the year 1912 in Porabandar. Cement industry uses
limestone, dolomite clay, gypsum in bauxite, coal ore and China clay etc. as raw
materials.
Though cement industries are found throughout the country, they are found more in
the States of Tamilnadu, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Andhra
Pradesh.
Chemical fertilizer industry:

Chemical fertilizer industry is necessary for the development of agriculture and

agricultural products. Chemical fertilizer industry uses Naphtha, the emission from oil
purification industry, emitted gas from coal, emitted gas from thermal electricity,
sculpture and gypsum etc. as raw materials and different types of fertilizers are
produced.

Chemical fertilizer industry is second to iron and steel industry from invested capital
and value of product point of view. The first chemical fertiliser industry was established
in the year 1906 in the Ranipet of Tamilnadu. In the year 1951, after independence,
chemical fertiliser industry was established in Sindhri. After that fertilizer industry has
developed a lot.
Fertilizer industries are found in Sindhri of Bihar, Kamrup of Assam, Bombay of
Maharastra, Naively of Tamilnadu, Always of Kerala, Nan gal of Punjab, Talcher,
Rourkela and Paradeep of Orissa and Gorakhpur and Varanasi of Uttar Pradesh,
Paper industry:

Paper is necessary for books, khatas and newspapers. Now-a-days paper is also used
for packing extensively. In the year 1932 first paper industry of India was established
in Srirampur of West Bengal. This industry was not developed before independence.
During these last 25 years, paper industries have developed a lot. Soft wood, bamboo,
grass, residue of sugar-cane, straw and other wastage papers are used as raw
materials of paper industry.
This industry needs caustic soda, washing soda, bleaching powder like chemicals.
Huge paper industries are found in Titagarh of West Bengal, Choudwar, Brajarajnagar
and Rayagada of Orissa, Rajmuhendry of Andhra Pradesh, Nepanagar of Madhya
Pradesh, Dalmia Nagar of Bihar, Lucknow of U.P., Faridabad of Haryana, Bombay of
Maharashtra, Bhadravati of Karnataka and Pulam of Kerala. Newsprints are produced in
Nepanagar.