Plastics

Thermoplastics
Thermosetting
Rivera, Patrick Joshua d.
Perez, jayson

Plastics

Plastic
is
the
general common
term for a wide
range of synthetic
or semi-synthetic
materials used in
a
huge,
and
growing, range of
applications.

The raw materials for

plastics production are
natural products such
as
cellulose,
coal,
natural gas, salt and,
of course, crude oil.
Plastics are todays
and
tomorrows
materials of choice
because they make it
possible to balance

Thermoplastics
Thermoplastics
can
be
heated up to form products
and then if these end
products are re-heated, the
plastic will soften and melt
again.

Acrylonitrile
butadiene
styrene ABS
Example nito ay mga lego. Etc

Most thermoplastics have

a high molecular weight.
The
polymer
chains
associate
through intermolecular
forces,
which
weaken
rapidly with increased
temperature, yielding a
viscous
liquid.
Thus,
thermoplastics may be
reshaped by heating and
are typically used to
produce parts by various
polymer
processing
techniques
such
as
injection
molding,
compression
molding, calendaring,
and extrusion.

Acrylonitrile
Butadiene
Styrene (ABS) is the
polymerization
of
Acrylonitrile, Butadiene,
and Styrene monomers.

Polycarbonate PC

This material is formed by a

condensation
polymerization
resulting in a carbon that is
bonded to three oxygens.

ABS
possesses
outstanding
impact
strength
and
high
mechanical strength,
which makes it so
suitable
for
tough
consumer products.

Chemically, this thermoplastic family

of plastics is called "terpolymers", in
that they involve the combination of
three different monomers to form a
single material that draws from the
properties of all three.

These unique properties have

resulted in applications such as
bulletproof
windows,
break
resistant lenses, compact discs,
etc. More recently however,
additional interest has resulted
because of the low flammability
of polycarbonate.

Characteristics of polycarbonate

Flame Retardant

Good Mold Release

High Flow
High Heat Resistance
Good Processability
General Purpose

High Impact Resistance

Lubricated
Good UV Resistance
Good Dimensional Stability

Uses

Electrical/Electronic Applications
Applications

Automotive

General Purpose

Housings

Appliances
Applications

Medical/Healthcare

Business Equipment

Industrial Applications

Polyethylene PE
PE, or Polyethylene, is a
chemically
resistant
plastic that can be very
durable.
Polyethylene
plastic comes in a low
density form and a high
density form.

Polyethylene is capable of
being moulded, extruded and
cast into many various shapes.
It is often used in construction
as it is cheap and can be
shaped or moulded easily, this
is why it is appropriated to be
used for the jobs such as

Polyethylene is a
polymerized
ethylene
resin,
used especially for
containers,
kitchenware, and
tubing, or in the
form of films and
sheets
for
packaging. It is
also a component
in plastic bottles.

Application
properties
Polyethylene is of low
strength, hardness and
rigidity, but has a high
ductility and impact strength
as well as low friction. It
shows strong creep under
persistent force, which can
be reduced by addition of
short fibers. It feels waxy

Polyethylene terephthalate
PET
Polyethylene
terephthalate
(sometimes written poly(ethylene
terephthalate)),
commonly
abbreviated PET, PETE, or the
obsolete PETP or PET-P, is a
thermoplastic polymer resin of
the polyester family and is used
in synthetic fibers; beverage, food
and other liquid containers;
thermoforming applications; and

Application
Bottles for beverages
such as soft drinks, fruit
juices, mineral waters. It
is especially suitable for
carbonated
drinks,
cooking and salad oils,
sauces and dressings
and detergents.

properties
PET in its natural state is a colorless,
semi-crystalline resin. Based on how it
is processed, PET can be semi-rigid to
rigid, and it is very lightweight. It
makes a good gas and fair moisture
barrier, as well as a good barrier to
alcohol (requires additional "barrier"
treatment) and solvents. It is strong
and

impact-resistant.

PET

becomes

Poly(vinyl chloride) - PVC

Poly(vinyl chloride) is the plastic known at the hardware

store as PVC. This is the PVC from which pipes are made,
and PVC pipe is everywhere. The plumbing in your house is
probably PVC pipe, unless it's an older house. PVC pipe is
what rural high schools with small budgets use to make
goal posts for their football fields. But there's more to PVC
than just pipe. The "vinyl" siding used on houses is made
of poly(vinyl chloride)..

Application
PVC's
relatively
low
cost,
biological and chemical resistance
and workability have resulted in it
being used for a wide variety of
applications. It is used for sewerage
pipes and other pipe applications
where cost or vulnerability to
corrosion limit the use of metal. With
the addition of impact modifiers and
stabilizers, it has become a popular
material for window and door frames.
By adding plasticizers, it can become

properties
PVC has high hardness and
mechanical
properties.
The
mechanical properties enhance
with
the
molecular
weight
increasing but decrease with the
temperature
increasing.
The
mechanical properties of rigid PVC
(uPVC) are very good; the elastic
modulus can reach 1500-3,000
MPa. The soft PVC (flexible PVC)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA

Homopolymer
Food Contact
Poly(methyl methacrylate), which
lazy scientists
Acceptable
call PMMA, is a clear plastic,
used as a
shatterproof replacement for Good
glass.Processability
The barrier atCopolymer
the ice rink which keeps hockey
pucks
from
flying
Good
Impact
Resistance
High
in the faces of fans is made ofFlow
PMMA.
Good Stiffness

High Impact

Resistance

Properties
application

PMMA is also found in paint.

Acrylic "latex" paints often
contain PMMA suspended in
water. PMMA doesn't dissolve
in water, so dispersing PMMA
in water requires we use
another polymer to make
water and PMMA compatible
with each other.

Polypropylene PP

PMMA is a strong and lightweight

material. It has a density of 1.17
1.20 g/cm3, which is less than half
that of glass. It also has good
impact strength, higher than both
glass and polystyrene; however,
PMMA's impact strength is still
significantly
lower
than
polycarbonate
and
some
engineered polymers. PMMA ignites
at 460 C (860 F) and burns,
forming carbon dioxide, water,

properties

Polystyrene is an amorphous,
glassy polymer that is generally
This and
polyolefin
is readily
rigid
relatively
inexpensive.
formed
by
polymerizing
Unfilled
polystyrene
has
a
propylene
with
suitable
sparkle appearance and is often
catalysts, to as generally
referred
crystal PS or
aluminum
alkyl
and
general
purpose
polystyrene
titanium tetrachloride.
(GPPS).

High Impact Resistance

Food Contact Acceptable
Flame Retardant
Good Processability
General Purpose
High Heat Resistance

Application

Good Flow
Expandable
Fast Molding Cycle
High Flow

Household Goods

Containers

Appliances

Packaging

Electrical/Electronic Applications
Industrial Applications

Automotive

Interior Parts
General Purpose

Polystyrene PS

Film

features

Thermoset plastics
can be
Epoxy
is the cured end
melted and formed,
but
product of epoxy resins, as
once they take shape
after
well as
a colloquial name
they have solidified,
they
for the epoxide functional
stay solid and,
unlike
group.
Epoxy is also a
thermoplastics cannot
be
common name for a type of
remelted.
strong adhesive used for

Application

sticking things together and

covering surfaces, typically
two resins that need to be
mixed together before use.

Packaging
Sheet
Household Goods
General Purpose
Toys
Electrical/Electronic Applications
Containers
Insulation
Housings
Appliance Components

Thermosets
Epoxide (EP)

Properties

Epoxy resins, group of

synthetic resins used to
make
plastics
and
adhesives. These materials
are
noted
for
their
versatility,
but
their
relatively high cost has
limited their use. High
resistances to chemicals
and outstanding adhesion,
durability, and toughness
have made them valuable

Phenol-formaldehyde (PF)

Are synthetic polymers obtained

by the reaction of phenol or
substituted
phenol
with
formaldehyde. Phenolic resins are
mainly used in the production of
circuit boards. They are better
known
however
for
the
production of moulded products
including pool balls, laboratory
countertops, and as coatings and
adhesives. In the form of
Bakelite, they are the earliest

Application
Polyurethane (PUR)

Phenolic resins are found in myriad

industrial
products.
Phenolic
laminates
are
made
by
impregnating one or more layers
of a base material such as paper,
fiberglass or cotton with phenolic
resin and laminating the resinsaturated base material under
heat and pressure.

Polyurethanes
may
be
thermosetting
or
thermoplastic, rigid and hard
or flexible and soft, solid or
cellular with great property
variances.
Principal
applications are in coatings,
elastomers and foams.

Polyurethanes are a large

family of polymers with
widely ranging properties
and uses all based on the
reaction
product
of
an
organic
isocyanate
with
compounds
containing
a
hydroxyl group.

Properties

Good Abrasion Resistance

Flexibility
Good Toughness
Low Shrinkage
Colorability
Good Impact Resistance
Surface Finish
Hydrolytically Stable
Viscosity

Good
Aliphatic
Good
Good
Low

Application

Electrical/Electronic Applications Modeling

Material
Coating Applications
Prototyping
Foam
Molds/Dies/Tools
Industrial Applications
Textile Applications
Automotive Applications

Polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE

A strong, tough, waxy, nonflammable synthetic

resin produced by the polymerization of
tetrafluoroethylene. Known by such
trademarks as Teflon, Fluon, Hostaflon, and
Polyflon, PTFE is distinguished by its slippery
surface, high melting point, and resistance to
attack by almost all chemicals. These
properties have made it familiar to consumers
as the coating on nonstick cookware; it is also
fabricated into industrial products, including
bearings, pipe liners, and parts for valves and