Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering

2015; 3(6): 59-66

Published online December 21, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/abb)
doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20150306.12
ISSN: 2330-4154 (Print); ISSN: 2330-4162 (Online)

Characterization of Physicochemical and Spectroscopic

Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Bio Peptone
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi1, Alice Branton1, Dahryn Trivedi1, Gopal Nayak1, Khemraj Bairwa2,
Snehasis Jana2, *
1
2

Trivedi Global Inc., Henderson, NV, USA

Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Email address:
[email protected] (S. Jana)

To cite this article:

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Khemraj Bairwa, Snehasis Jana. Characterization of Physicochemical
and Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Bio Peptone. Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering.
Vol. 3, No. 6, 2015, pp. 59-66. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20150306.12

Abstract: Bio peptone is a combination of enzymatic digest of animal tissues and casein; and generally used for the growth of
several varieties of microbes. The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the
physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of bio peptone. The present study was carried out in two groups i.e. control and
treated. The control group was kept without treatment, while the treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedis biofield energy
treatment. Subsequently, both the samples were assessed using numerous analytical techniques. The X-ray diffractograms (XRD)
showed the halo patterns of XRD peaks in both the samples. The particle size analysis exhibited about 4.70% and 17.58%
increase in the d50 (average particle size) and d99 (particle size below which 99% particles are present), respectively of treated bio
peptone as compared to the control. The surface area analysis revealed the 253.95% increase in the specific surface area of
treated sample as compared to the control. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed the 29.59% increase in
the melting temperature of treated bio peptone sample as compared to the control. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed
the increase in onset of degradation temperature by 3.31% in the treated sample with respect to the control. The Fourier transform
infrared (FT-IR) study revealed the changes in the wavenumber of functional groups such as O-H stretching from 3066 cm-1 to
3060 cm-1; C-H stretching from 2980, 2893, and 2817 cm-1 to 2970, 2881, and 2835 cm-1, respectively; N-H bending from 1589
cm-1 to 1596 cm-1; C=C stretching from 1533 cm-1 to 1525 cm-1; and P=O stretching from 1070 cm-1 to 1078 cm-1 in treated
sample as compared to the control. The UV-vis spectroscopy showed the similar patterns of absorbance maxima (max) i.e. at 259
nm and 257 nm in both the control and treated samples, respectively. Overall, the analytical results suggested that Mr. Trivedis
biofield energy treatment has substantial effect on physicochemical and spectral properties of bio peptone. Owing to this, the
treated bio peptone might be more effective as culture medium than the corresponding control.
Keywords: Bio Peptone, Biofield Energy Treatment, X-Ray Diffraction, Particle Size Analysis, Surface Area Analysis,
Thermogravimetric Analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

1. Introduction
A culture or growth medium is a liquid or gel, which is
intended to support the growth of microorganism or cell [1].
The culture media can be classified in several categories based
on their physical form (solid media or liquid media), and
chemical composition (chemically defined or synthetic media
and complexed media), etc. In addition, some specific or
selective media are also there; the special media contains
various chemicals designed to distinguish the microbes by the
appearances of their colonies [2, 3]. The selective media

contains elements that inhibit the growth of some kinds of

microbes and at the same time, it promotes the growth of other
microbes [4]. Similarly, the bio peptone is a mixture of
enzymatic digest of animal tissues and casein. It is processed
cautiously to enhance the nutritive values for proper growth
requirement of wide variety of microorganisms. It offers a
wide spectrum of amino acids and peptides and therefore can
be used in numerous culture media preparation [5]. The bio
peptone meets the nutritional requirements, which are not
provided by meat peptone or casein hydrolysate individually.
It can also be used for the culture of fastidious microorganisms

Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering 2015; 3(6): 59-66

and production of enzymes, antibiotics, and other

microbiological origin products [6].
Sterilization process plays a significant role on the quality
of culture media. The autoclaving is the standard method of
culture media sterilization [7]. However, the heat treatment of
complex culture media may result in destruction of the
nutrients either by direct thermal degradation or by the
chemical reactions among the components [8]. Hence, a
technique is required, which can enhance the overall stability
of the bio peptone [9].
In the recent past years, the energy therapies have been
reported for beneficial effects in several field throughout the
word [10]. Biofield energy treatment is one of the energy
therapies [11]. The energy medicines have been categorized
under the Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
therapies by National Institute of Health (NIH)/National
Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
(NCCAM) [12]. Consciousness is one of the possible
mechanisms among the several proposed one to support the
biofield energy therapies. It includes healers intent to heal,
and may interact with the physical realm [13]. Similarly,
physical resonance is another theory, which comprises subtle
energies. As per the physical resonance theory, the energy can
be exchanged between the energy fields of healer and patient
[14]. Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi is a renowned practitioner
of energy medicine. He can harnesses the energy from
universe and transfers it to the object (living or non-living);
this procedure is termed as biofield energy treatment (The
Trivedi Effect). The Trivedi Effect has been studied in the
several fields such as agricultural science research [15],
microbiology research [16], and biotechnology research [17],
etc. In addition, Mr. Trivedis biofield energy treatment has
been also reported to alter the various physicochemical
properties of organic products [18] and organic compounds
[19].
Based on the above mentioned literature reports on biofield
energy treatment and the uses of bio peptone in the culture
media, the present study was designed to investigate the effect
of biofield energy treatment on bio peptone. The treated bio
peptone was analyzed using several analytical techniques to
assess any modification in its physicochemical and
spectroscopic properties. The data of treated sample were
compared with that of control sample.

2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
Bio peptone was procured from HiMedia Laboratories,
India.
2.2. Biofield Energy Treatment Modalities
The bio peptone sample was divided into two parts: control
and treated. The control sample was kept without treatment,
while the treated sample was handed over in sealed pack to Mr.
Trivedi for the biofield energy treatment. Mr. Trivedi provided
the biofield energy treatment to the treated group via his

60

unique thought transmission process without touching the

sample under standard laboratory conditions. After treatment,
the treated samples were stored at standard laboratory
conditions, and subsequently, both the treated and control
samples were evaluated using several analytical techniques
such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD), particle size analysis,
surface area analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry
(TGA/DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and UV-vis
spectroscopy.
2.3. XRD Study
The XRD study of control and treated bio peptone samples
was carried out on Phillips (Holland PW 1710) X-ray
diffractometer. The XRD instrument was equipped with nickel
filter and copper anode. The XRD analysis was done at the
wavelength of 1.54056 .
2.4. Particle Size Analysis
The particle size of control and treated bio peptone sample
was measured using the laser particle size analyzer (Sympatec
HELOS-BF). The detection range of instrument was set in the
range of 0.1875 m. The raw data were obtained in the chart
form with particle size on x-axis and cumulative percentage
on y-axis. The percent alteration in particle size was inferred
using the following equation.
% change in particle size, d
"#$ #% &

100

(1)

"#$ #%

Where, (d50) Control and (d50) Treated are the average particle
size of control and treated samples, respectively;
correspondingly the d99 was calculated.
2.5. Surface Area Analysis
The surface area of control and treated bio peptone was
determined using the ASTM D 5604 method on Brunauer
EmmettTeller (BET) surface area analyzer (Smart SORB 90).
The instrument range was set from 0.2 m2/g to 1000 m2/g. The
percent change in the surface area of treated sample with
respect to the control was calculated using the following
equation.
% change in surface area =

!, "#$ #%&
, "#$ #%

100

(2)

Here, S Control and S Treated is the surface area of control and

treated samples, respectively.
2.6. DSC Study
The melting temperature of control and treated bio peptone
was determined using the Pyris-6 Perkin Elmer differential
scanning calorimeter. In this experiment, the analytes were
heated at the rate of 10C /min under the air atmosphere with
the flow rate of 5 mL/min. An empty pan sealed with cover lid
was used as the reference pan. The melting temperature (Tm)

61

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi et al.: Characterization of Physicochemical and Spectroscopic

Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Bio Peptone

of both the control and treated samples were obtained from the
DSC thermograms.
2.7. TGA/DTG Analysis
The TGA/DTG analysis of both control and treated bio
peptone samples were performed on Mettler Toledo
simultaneous TGA/DTG analyzer. The analytes were heated
up to 400C (at the rate of 5C /min) from room temperature
under the air atmosphere. The onset temperature of thermal
degradation and temperature at which maximum weight loss
occurred (Tmax) in samples were found from the TGA/DTG
thermograms.

The d99 values were observed as 107.74 m and 126.68 m, in

control and treated samples, respectively. The results showed
about 4.70% increase in the d50 and 17.58% increase in the d99
values of treated bio peptone with respect to the control bio
peptone.

2.8. FT-IR Spectroscopic Analysis

The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of both the control and
treated bio peptone samples were carried out to evaluate the
effect of biofield energy treatment on molecular levels like
force constant and bond strength in chemical structure [20].
The samples for FT-IR spectroscopy were prepared by
crushing the powdered bio peptone sample with KBr into fine
powder and then pressing into pellets. The FT-IR spectra were
obtained from the Shimadzus Fourier transform infrared
spectrometer (Japan) in the frequency region of 500-4000
cm-1.
2.9. UV-Vis Spectroscopic Analysis
The spectra of control and treated bio peptone samples were
recorded on Shimadzu UV spectrometer (2400 PC). The UV
spectrometer was equipped with quartz cell of 1 cm with a slit
width of 2.0 nm, and the wavelength was set to 200-400 nm.
Figure 1. XRD diffractograms of control and treated bio peptone.

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. XRD Analysis
The XRD diffractograms of control and treated bio peptone
samples are shown in Fig. 1. It showed the broad halo at 2
equals to 21 in both the samples. These halo patterns of XRD
peaks suggested the amorphous nature of both control and
treated samples [21]. The XRD study suggested that biofield
energy treatment did not induce any changes in the crystal
structure of bio peptone with respect to the control sample.
Amorphous material is the noncrystalline solid in which the
atoms and molecules are unorganized in a definite lattice
pattern [22]. They did not possess the long-range order of
atomic positions in crystals, but retain the short-range order
typical of liquids. The amorphous form of solid is more
soluble in water and other solvent and relatively stable than
the crystalline solids [23].
3.2. Particle Size Analysis
The average particle size (d50) and the particle size below
which 99% particles are present (d99) in control and treated
samples were determined by laser particle size analyzer, and
results are shown in Fig. 2. It showed the d50 values as 12.56
m and 13.15 m in control and treated samples, respectively.

Figure 2. Particle size of control and treated bio peptone.

It is supposed that the biofield energy possibly induce the

agglomeration process in treated bio peptone molecules that
leads to increases of particle sizes (d50 and d99) of treated sample.
Recently, a biofield-induced alteration in the particle sizes of
bile salt and proteose peptone have been reported by our group
[24].
3.3. Surface Area Analysis
The surface areas of control and treated bio peptone samples

Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering 2015; 3(6): 59-66

62

were determined with the help of BET surface area analyzer.

The surface area of control and treated samples was observed as
0.2758 m2/g and 0.9762 m2/g, respectively. The result exhibited
significant increase in surface area by 253.95% in the treated
sample as compared to the control bio peptone (Fig. 3). It is
reported that surface area is inversely proportional to the
particle size [25]. However, in this study both the particle size
and surface area were increased, which was contrary. This is
possible when the porosity induces or increases in the particles,
which leads to increase in the effective surface area [26].
Furthermore, due to increases in surface free energy, the
particles aggregate to form the larger particles, which also cause
to increase in the particle size with increase in the surface area
[27]. Based on this, it is presumed that biofield energy probably
induced the aggregation of bio peptone particle with enhanced
porosity, which may lead to increase the particle size as well as
the surface area of treated sample with respect to the control.

Figure 4. DSC thermograms of control and treated bio peptone.

Table 1. Thermal analysis of control and treated samples of bio peptone.
Parameter
Figure 3. Surface area of control and treated bio peptone.

Control

Treated

Melting point (C)

155.29

201.24

3.4. DSC Analysis

Onset temperature (C)

181.00

187.00

DSC analysis was carried out to determine the melting

temperature of bio peptone (control and treated). DSC
thermograms of control and treated bio peptone are presented
in Fig. 4. The melting temperatures of control and treated bio
peptone were observed as 155.29C and 201.24C,
respectively.
The results showed a significant increase (29.59%) in the
melting temperature of treated sample with respect to the
control (Table 1). This increase in the melting temperature
might be correlated to the enhanced thermal stability [28, 29].
The melting point of treated sample might increase due to
increase in the particle size [30]. Furthermore, the stronger
intermolecular attractions lead to higher melting points [31].
Based on this, it is hypothesized that the biofield energy
treatment increased the intermolecular interaction in bio
peptone molecules, which resulted into enhanced melting
temperature with respect to the untreated sample. The thermal
study suggested that the treated bio peptone might be more
thermally stable than the control sample.

Tmax (C)

269.12

217.77

Tmax: temperature at which maximum weight loss occurs

3.5. TGA/DTG Analysis

The TGA/DTG thermograms of control and treated bio
peptone samples are shown in Fig. 5, and data are reported in
Table 1. The TGA thermogram of control sample showed a
broad single step of thermal degradation pattern. The sample
started to degrade from 181C (onset temperature) and
terminated at 355C (endset temperature). On the other hand,
the treated sample showed the two steps of thermal
degradation; the first step was initiated from 187C and
ended at 245C. The second step was started from 261C and
terminated at about 369C. The result showed the slight
increase (3.31%) in the onset temperature of thermal
degradation in the treated sample with respect to the control.
This might be correlated to the increased thermal stability of
the treated sample as compared to the control [32]. Based on
this it is depicted that the biofield treated bio peptone is more
thermally stable than the control sample.

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Mahendra Kumar Trivedi et al.: Characterization of Physicochemical and Spectroscopic

Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Bio Peptone

Figure 5. TGA/DTG thermogram of control and treated bio peptone.

3.6. FT-IR Spectroscopic Characterization

The FT-IR spectra of both the control and treated bio peptone
are shown in Fig. 6. The bio peptone is the mixture of
enzymatic digest of animal tissues and casein, which contains
several proteins, phosphoproteins, minerals, amino acids, etc.
[6]. Due to the presence of these diverse components, the FT-IR
spectra may contain several vibrational peaks such as amide
(N-H, C=O), aromatic ring (C-H, C=C) etc. The FT-IR
spectrum of control sample showed the broad vibrational peak
at 3066 cm-1 that may be due to O-H or N-H stretching of amino
acids. This peak was appeared at the slight downstream
frequency region i.e. at 3060 cm-1 in the treated sample. It is
well known that the stretching frequency of any functional
group or bond is directly proportional to the force constant [33].
Therefore, it is anticipated that biofield energy treatment might
decrease the dipole moment of O-H or N-H bond in the treated
sample of bio peptone as compared to the control. Hence, the

force constant and bond strength of O-H or N-H group might

decrease in the treated sample as compared to the control.
Further, the vibration peaks at 2980, 2893, and 2817 cm-1 in the
control sample might be attributed to the C-H stretching. These
peaks were correspondingly observed at the frequency region of
2970, 2881, and 2835 cm-1 in the treated sample. This showed
the significant change in the wavenumber of C-H stretching in
the treated sample with respect to the control. The IR frequency
at 1635 cm-1 might be due to C=O stretching of amino acids in
both the control and treated samples. The IR peak at 1589 cm-1
in control might be due to N-H bending that was shifted to
higher frequency region i.e. at 1596 cm-1 in the treated sample.
This showed the increase in the rigidity of N-H group in the
treated sample with respect to the control.

Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering 2015; 3(6): 59-66

64

Figure 6. FT-IR spectra of control and treated bio peptone.

Similarly, the vibrational peak at 1533 cm-1 in the control

sample might be assigned to the C=C stretching, which was
sifted to 1525 cm-1 in the treated sample. This might be due to
decrease in the bond strength of C=C bond in the treated
sample as compared to the control. Further, the vibrational
peaks at 1400, 1338, and 1245 cm-1 were might be assigned to
the O-H or C-H bending, N=O or C-N stretching, and C-C
stretching, respectively in the control sample. These peaks
were correspondingly appeared at 1402, 1338, and 1244 cm-1
in the treated sample of bio peptone. The peak at 1151 cm-1 in
control sample might be assigned to C-O stretching that was
not detected in the treated sample. The IR peak at 1070 cm-1
might be assigned to P=O stretching of phosphoproteins,

which was shifted to upstream region i.e. at 1078 cm-1 in the

treated sample. This showed the increased bond strength of
P=O bond in the treated sample with respect to the control
sample. Finally, the IR peaks at 921 and 536 cm-1 were might
be assigned to P-H bending and out of plane ring deformation,
respectively in both the control and treated samples.
Altogether, the FT-IR study suggested the impact of biofield
energy treatment on bond strength and force constant of
functional groups such as C-H, C=C, N-H, C-O, and P=O with
respect to the control bio peptone.
3.7. UV-Vis Spectroscopic Characterization
The UV spectra of the control and treated bio peptone are

65

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi et al.: Characterization of Physicochemical and Spectroscopic

Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Bio Peptone

shown in Fig. 7. The UV spectrum of control sample showed

the absorbance maxima (max) at 259 nm. Similarly, the UV
spectra of treated sample showed the max at 257 nm in treated
sample. The result showed the similar pattern of max in both
the control and treated samples. The compound absorbs UV
waves due to excitation of electrons from highest energy
occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the lowest energy

unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The max altered

correspondingly when the HOMO-LUMO gap altered [20].
This suggests that biofield energy treatment did not show any
alteration in the max, which suggested that HOMO-LUMO
gap in the treated sample was not altered with respect to the
control.

Figure 7. UV spectra of control and treated bio peptone.

4. Conclusions
The XRD study revealed the amorphous nature of bio
peptone in both the control and treated samples. The particle
size analysis showed the increase in the particle sizes i.e. d50
and d99 of the treated bio peptone as compared to the control.
The surface area analysis showed the increase in the effective
surface area of treated sample by 253.95% as compared to the
control. The DSC study showed the significant increase in the
melting temperature of treated sample by 29.59% as compared
to the control. Furthermore, the TGA/DTG study revealed the
slight increase in onset temperature of thermal degradation
from 181C (control) to 187C in treated sample. This
revealed that thermal stability of the treated sample was
increased as compared to the control. The FT-IR study
revealed the alteration in wavenumber corresponding to N-H,
C-H, C=C, C-O, and P=O vibrations after biofield energy
treatment as compared to the control sample.
Based on these results, it is concluded that Mr. Trivedis
biofield energy treatment had the considerable impact on the
various physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of bio
peptone. Further, it is expected that the biofield energy treated
bio peptone could serve as a better component of culture
media with respect to the thermal stability.

Abbreviations
NIH: National Institute of Health;
NCCAM: National Center for Complementary and
Alternative Medicine;
XRD: X-ray diffraction;
DTG: Derivative Thermogravimetry;
TGA: Thermogravimetric Analysis

Acknowledgments
The authors thank the whole scientific team of MGV
pharmacy college, Nashik for allowing the instrumental
facility. Authors would also like to acknowledge the Trivedi
Testimonials, Trivedi Science, and Trivedi Master Wellness
for their consistent support during the study.

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