Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Settings

Introduction

Throughout history women have been victims of domestic violent considered men to be
superior to women because men were always in power economically, legally, and religiously.
This gave men the attitude that woman at inferior to them. Men harm their wives by beating
them physically and abusing them emotionally. many of this woman did not report the abuse
that they got from their spouses and families because they thought that no one will believe
them of domestic violence towards women in the Philippines a male student we then contain
the damage that are done to woman or at least get the message across to other women that
these will help to overcome this tragic display of affection. Domestic violence is defined broadly
as a violent at called out by person in a marital sexual, parental, or care giving role toward
others in reciprocal roles.

Research indicates that wife beating began with the emergence of monogamous relationships.
Women and children were regarded as the husband’s property. They were confined to certain
parts of the home and restricted from public activity.

The researcher was tasked to discuss the concepts, the issues and problems of Battered
Women as al legal defense psychiatrist, psychologist, or counselor.
Background of the Study
Although a growing to growing body, a research has focus on the law enforcement and criminal justice
response to woman battering, relatively, little scholarly attempted to understand the victim processing
system and in particular, how the courts response to battered women and their batters.

The major objectives of the current study to (1) better understand the impact of battered women
syndrome with finding the history and background on battered women’s satisfaction with the present
authority and system; (2) better understand other factors that impact battered women’s psychological,
emotional, and physical effects; (3) examine the long term impact of prosecution with and without
survivor participation with the criminal processing system; and (4) examine the facts with self-reported
experiences, behaviors, and attitudes regarding the real situation women battering case in the
Philippines.

Statement of the Problem

This is an attempt to develop and evaluate the situation of battered women. Specifically, this study
seeks to answer the following problems:

1. What is the profile of the respondents?

2. How the victim is’s affected of battering? What might be the effects of this is on the marriage,
children, and the individual?

3. In the present constitution what are the legal updates regarding the “Battered Women
Syndrome”?

4. How would you characterize the battered women in Nasugbu?

5. What do you think should the victim to resolve the problems? How will they undergo changes?
Significance of the Study
To the community

This paper’s is importance endeavor it represent the major objectives of the study by describing the
experience’s of battered women’s satisfaction with the prosecutorial system and the factors associated
with this examine the long-term impact of prosecution, with or without survivor participation, on the
subsequent violence and the survivor’s subsequent interaction with the criminal processing system; and
to examine the type as self-reported experiences, behaviors and attitudes regarding real situation of
women battering casa in Nasugbu.

To IBCMI

This study provides a significant contribution to the current understanding of women battering and the
way the system can improve responses to battered women.

To the Researchers

Moreover, this study will be helpful to provide information in order to bring us together and to engage
student’s concerning the victims of women who are physically and mentally abused over an extended
period usually by the husband or the dominant male figure. It will also serve as a future for researchers.

Answer and Limitation of the Study

It focusing in cleaning with the global phenomenon of violence against women, explaining it is the result
of gender conflicts and inequality in socio-cultural interaction between men and woman. The paper
provides various sources of information and statistical of women who have suffered psychological and
emotional abuse.

This study is limited only to the Municipality of Nasugbu, Batangas from 2007-2009

Battered Women in the Nasugbu and how the Law has had trouble recognizing the issue. In general
discussing and illustrating how the Nasugbu government has recognizing this problem of Violence Acts
against women.
A researcher’s paper intends only to prove that criminal Law in the Nasugbu has failed to provide a
defense that adequately protects women suffering from Battered Womwn’s Syndrome.

Definition of Terms

Abuse- refers to the use or treatment of something (a person, item substance, concept, idea or
Vocabulary) that is harmful. It can be classed by the target of the abuse or types of abuse.

Abusive Relationship- is an interpersonal relationship characterized by the use or threat of physical

Battered- exhibiting symptoms resulting from repeated physical and emotional injury
“A Battered Child”, “the battered Woman Syndrome”.

Battered Woman Syndrome- a pattern of signs and symptoms, such as fearfulness, a feeling of
Helplessness, commonly appearing in women who are physically
And mentally abused over an extended period by a husband or
Partner.

Codependence- is a pattern of detrimental behavioral interactions within a dysfunctional

Physical Abuse- is a type of damage to the pseudo that occurs as a result of a traumatic event.

Relational Disorder- involve two or more individuals and a disorder “juncture” was atypical axis,
Psychopathology describes a disorder at the individual level.

Sexual Abuse- also refers to us molestation, is the forcing of undesired sexual behavior by one
Person upon another when that face falls short of being sexual assault.

Verbal Abuse- is a form of abusive behavior involving the use of language. It is form of
Profanity that can with or without the use of expletives.
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

This part of the paper consists of various related literature and studies about the women who suffer of
hitting heavily and repeatedly with violent blows or physical abuse or even tortured or raped by their
barbarous husbands articles (both published and unpublished materials), books as well internet
sources.
There is a plethora of literature on foreign texts in local scene. But it does not undermine the possibility
of the developmental of the researchers which designed this qualitative study to determine the barriers
to identification and management of domestic violence from “battered women’s syndrome”.

Foreign

Battered Women, World Violence

One important article that is related to the subjects is entitled “When Battered Women Kill” published
by The Free Press, a division of Simon & Schuster Inc. 1230 Avenue of American, New York, New York,
10020. This article explores the emerging and outlines the well-documented psychological cycle that
keeps women in abusive relationships: 1.) period of slight tension 2.) Escalating tension 3.) Explosion,
attack of mental and/or physical abuse 4.) Honeymoon period: the perpetrator is sincerely apologetic,
regrets his actions, often plays the victim with gifts and promised of “never again”..

This works very, very well because a person who is traumatized is temporarily desperate for love. They
crave comfort from ant source – even the prep. Her vulnerability (following an attack) coincides with the
abuser’s promises and hugs. She gives him another chance.

This same dynamic occurs with kidnappers & hostages, as I’m sure you’ve heard.

The key to ensnaring the victim is a slow escalation. Most women, hit out of the blue, will be angry and
leave. If their relationship progresses through mild verbal controls, etc, grabbing an arm, then slowly to
a severe shaking… you can see how the cycle asserts itself gradually. It’s damn frog again: Drop one in a
boiling pot and it’ll leap out. Place it in cool water and heat it up slowly and it sit will there until boiled to
death. Some people feel they have too much invested (a child, time, etc) to leave. Others have abused
or witnessed similar behavior with their parents, and may on a deep level think its normal. Very sad.
The bad news about the escalation is that it almost never stops. Abuse, once started, continue until the
victim leaves or is killed. Women who are feel they can’t leave tend to fight back with deadly force when
a new boundary has been crossed. The first time he touched the daughter, for example.

Written by Brown who is a psychological at the University of New Hampshire’s Family Violence
Researchers Center. Her book is the culmination of six years devoted to in-depth interviewing of 250
brutalized wives, including 42 whose despair drove them to kill their husbands. The author‘s
professional objectivity does not lessen the dramatic impact of many accounts she includes of women
repeatedly beaten by their spouses. Month his than 1.5 million women seek medical treatment each
year because of assault by a male partner, but the few who kill to escape this torture are judged harshly
and sentenced to prison. This is an important book are equally unable to help themselves.

The Battered Women

Few books of modern times have had as great an impact in law popular culture and in understanding, as
has this one. We have all heard of the “battered Woman Syndrome,” which originated with this book.
Later feminist writings on the subject credit Prof. Walker for establishing the contemporary feminist
theory and jurisprudence on “Domestic Violence,” which they invariably depict as violence by a man
against a woman. Every woman who has obtain mitigation in punishment for an act of violence against
her mate by pleading the “battered woman syndrome” is a direct beneficiary of Dr. Walker’s feminist
advocacy and research.

Unfortunately, no one seems to have ever performed any Critical analysis of this work, at least in public.
Seldom in modern times has any had such great impact, yet received so little scrutiny. This is (or should
be) astonishing, although it is not difficult to discern the reason why. Given the pressure to conform to
“political correctness” at most colleges and universities, any serious objection raised to such seeming
to be “unconcerned about the Violence or “hostile to women,” even if the work is found to contain
major errors and misrepresentation. Despite all protestations to the contrary such accusations will
inevitably be made. Nonetheless, given the political significance of the issue, and the degree of emotion
and animosity being generated by the debate, a critical examination of the “Battered Woman is long
overdue. Explanation that women are victims of “learned helplessness,”
a theory that would seem to run entirely counter to the general thrust of feminist claims of women’s
inherent strength. If Walker’s theory of “learned helplessness” is correct , it would seem that all hopes
for eventual sexual equality would be impossible; given how easily even an intelligent woman can be
dominated and taught to be helpless, on would logically expect this submissive tendency toward
helplessness to carry through into the business and social world as well. Walker does not attempt to
resolve the apparent contra diction.

Similarly, any female academic who would profess to be a good scholar must absolutely reject Prof.
Walker’s work on grounds of methodology alone. The time is right for a new, and this time objective,
analysis of the serious problems of domestic violence, one free of ideological bias, and firmly grounded
in sound scholarship. To draw up new legislation and social policies solidly grounded in objective facts
would be the very best thing that could happen to help solve the serious problem of domestic violence.
Local

Emotionally abused Filipina Women

Dra. Linda Causapin, the author of this emotionally abused Filipina Women, and also a therapist that had
been emotionally abused by her mother, back her home in Pampanga province, north of Manila. She
was raised with a very low self esteem because was extremely criticized by her. She believes that Filipina
woman felt less than other woman in the developed countries around the world and lacked confidence
in her abilities.

The Scars of emotional abuse are still with her but she discovered a sense of self, built esteem and she
had learned to protect herself from being emotionally abuse further.

In this article she shares what she has learned about emotional abuse, its effect and how to recover
from this devastating form of abuse.

In the first chapter she describes a list of different emotional abuses so that the reader can understand if
she was in fact emotionally abusers:
She clearly explains with examples Philippines women who are the emotional abusers:

1. Pinoy & Pinay lovers and mates: can cause tremendous damage, they have our trust,
vulnerability, hearts and bodies.
2. Co-workers: damage a woman’s career.
3. Bosses
4. Parents: her and cause permanent damage
5. Siblings and friends: they might operate out of envy or jealously or even out of a need to destroy
a need to destroy us.

Dra. Causapin’s article deals with the issue of abuse women in the Philippines. It is a practical help foe
emotionally abuse recovery. The author shares what she had learned about emotional abuse, its effects
and how to recover from this form emotional abuse and learning different types of abuse.
Lastly, Identify Pinay women who are the abusers and the different types of emotionally abused women.

Related Study
Foreign

A Case Study of community- Based Responses to Rural Woman Battering

This case study addresses intimate partner violence against women in a Rural Texas country. Employing
qualitative data analysis examined rural woman battering from the perspectives of battered women,
criminal justice officials, and violence and provides of community-based interventions had conflicting
perspectives about the delivery of services for battered women. Regarding criminal justice services,
survivors expressed concerns about inadequate protection, discourteous treatment, and insufficient
information about their legal option. In contrast, criminal justice provides were reluctant to make
arrests, tended to impose lenient sanctions on abusers, questioned victim credibility, and expressed
victim-blaming attitudes. The article concludes by discussing political implications of the study for
battered women’s services and research in rural settings. The authors suggest that the disjuncture
between battered women’s needs and community interventions is the product of an ideology of rural
patriarchy that is largely unchallenged by grassroots political advocacy.

Need More Medical Attention to Abused Women

According to MU study find by Dr. Linda Bullock a professor at the University of Missouri Sinclair School
Of Nursing relating to her entitled “Abused women seek more infant health care “, Published: Tuesday,
December 16, 2008 – 12:54 in Psychology & Sociology that the “Domestic violence is a major health
problem for women and children as well as a significant social issue. My research has focused on
domestic violence in a popular of pregnant women and has included collaborating with nurses nationally
and internationally and with members of others of other discipline on the MU campus. Specifically as a
researcher, I have investigated and read this paper with the prevalence of intimate partner violence, its
consequences to mother and fetus, and intervention strategies to improve health outcomes in both the
woman and child. This research not only addresses a gap in knowledge but also is providing evidence-
based practice recommendations for clinical practice. It has a also been useful in advising legislators and
policy makers in their development of pregnant to aid this vulnerable population,”

Pregnant women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) before, during or after pregnancy
often suffer adverse health effects, including depression, post traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and
chronic mental illness. Now, University of Missouri researchers have found that women who experience
intimate partner violence are more likely to seek health care for their infants than non-abused women.
Awareness of mothers with frequent infant health concerns can help health care providers identify and
provide aid to women in abusive relationships. ” care provides should view frequent calls or visits for
common infant health concerns as a red flags,” said Linda Bullock, professor in the MU Sinclair School of
Nursing. “Although it can be difficult for provides to see beyond immediate concerns, the findings
suggest that considering only voiced concerns may repressed lost opportunities to intervene on more
critical health matters that impact mothers and children. Provides have a chance to help mothers who
may not voice concerns about intimate partner violence.”

In the study, more than 60 percent of women who experienced intimate partner violence sought health
consultations for their infants. Abused women were more likely to seek infant care, reported more
stress, were more depressed, and had less support than non-abused women. Less than 54 percent of
non-abused women sought infant health consultations. Bullock said significant maternal stress may be
contributing factors to increased infant care. Additionally, women may use their children’s health care
problems as a way to seek help for themselves.

Bullock recommends that pediatric and women’s clinics have a routine policy of IPV screening and o
education for all women. Women may not voice concerns about their own safety, but multiple calls and
visits to physicians can be signs of IPV.

“The most powerful interventions may be as simple as repeated screening for IPV throughout pregnancy
and post-delivery visits, ”Bullock said. “Providers have a chance to help mothers who may who may
directly seek the necessary resources to help themselves. Referrals to support programs such as
battered women’s services, counseling, parenting support and financial services can make a positive
impact on the lives of women and infants.”

According to the U.S Bureau of Justice Statistics, IPV is difficult to measure because it often occurs in
private, and victims are reluctant to report incidents because of shame or fear. In the study, MU
researcher analyzed data from a larger study of a smoking cessation intervention in pregnant women
called Baby BEEP ( Behavioral Education and Children Enhancement of Pregnancy) conducted through
rural Women, Infant and Children Nutritional Supplement (WIC) clinics in the Midwest. The women
were identified by their responses to the Abuse Assessment Screen, a stress scale, a psychosocial profile
and a mental health index.

Local

The Study of battered Women in Philippines Professor Robert P. Pajard o, throughout the combining
effort of Philippines Women’s Aid Organization (PWAO), and Philippines National research on domestic
violence. This study included the prevalence of physical abuse; public responses; and problem faced by
the police, hospitals and legal agencies. Data were collected by interviewers with 1221 randomly
selected individuals above 15 years old in 1990: in-depth interviews with 60 battered women conducted
in1990/1991; interviews with 77 police, hospitals, and civil and Muslim legal agency personnel between
1991 and 1992; and analysis of 38 case records of WAO. Findings show that Filipino has a high level of
physical abuse of women by husbands and boyfriends. Injuries battered women had sustained were
bruises and swelling (50%), cuts (8%), head injuries (5%), burns (5%), fractures (3%), and miscarriages
(3%). Psychological effects are also common. Acceptability of violence was found I n 5% of men and
women. Most acceptable of violence was found in15% of men and women. Most acceptable
circumstances for physical abuse was when woman is not faithful, followed by disobedience to husband.
Only 30% of the public stated that women should report the beatings to agencies. Problems
encountered by the police are due to inadequacy of power to intervene, and limitations of the law, and
lack of appropriate classification terms. Lack of time and no classification as a health problem, minimal
counseling and low awareness are the problems found in the hospitals. Legal and civil agencies are also
faced with difficulties due to lack of standard procedures and services. This paper recommends
strategies that would prevent and reduce domestic violence.
Synthesis
In this synthesis integrated all chosen review related literature and study presenting and relevant to the
purpose of this research paper which is to know the cause and the real situation of the problem and also
to prove that criminal law in Philippines has failed to provide a defense adequately protects women
suffering from Battered Women in the Philippines is a very complex psychological problems which also
needed more medical attention according to Dra. Linda Bullock’s article. Prof. Browne reveals in his
documentation that this problem is globally phenomenon that needed to help reduce specifically in
violence the right against women abused and suggesting to pass the International Violence against
Women law in specific manner as facing criminal courts which is also has caused great debate today on
whether or not it should even be allowed in the courtroom. Although the problem has been given more
consideration as a warranted issues by society, those who create our laws and control our courtrooms,
that have not developed a defense that sufficient protects these women as also stated by Nikki R. Van
Hightower that his findings reveal with survivors of intimate violence and provides of community-based
interventions had conflicting perspectives about the delivery of services for battered women.. In final
analysis all reviews unite that the courtrooms and government, instead of upholding and assuming by
supporting them psychologically and physically treatments, they have unable to sit up them guilty of
murder rather.

The research review is divided into two parts (from local to foreign) to better illustrate each individual
topic and to provide foe a more clear understanding of the material. The first analysis describes battered
Women’s Syndrome and gives background information on its origin. The second part of the research
affords case examples of battered women’s
 Chapter 3
Research Methodology

This study was undertaken as follow up to needs gap assessment report on battered women with legal
representation in the family courts in the Philippines. The initial needs gap assessment investigated the
experiences of abused women psychologically and physically. That study documented the issues
contributing to abused women in the Municipality of Nasugbu, drawing upon surveys, focus groups, and
individual interviews. It explored the issues affecting these mothers around post-separation problems
with child custody, child support safety, abuse, and financial stability. Respondents for the initial study
included survivors, community advocates, attorneys, and judges. The initial mixed method study
provided richly detailed data. The final report for the initial needs assessment raised in investigating the
problems experienced by abused women throughout the municipality.

The method evolved during initial research, following both my investigation of the literature and new
learning in qualitative research and descriptive methods. The literature enlightened my understanding
of practical and effective methods for researching psychological and physical problem related in
Battered women in the Municipality of Nasugbu from 2007 to 2009.

Research Design

Research design can be thought of as the structure of research – it is the basic foundation that combines
new and old structure that holds all of the elements in a research project together. I often describe
using a concise notation that enables me to summarize a complex design structure efficiently. The
element of the design includes Observation or Measures, Treatments or Programs, Assignment and
Time.
Instrumentation in Gathering Data
To adequately address the research question a variety of data collection methods and instruments will
be used. These methods and instruments are not specific to any one question but provide data that
when used in combinations will address the research question. Examples of each of these instruments,
with a description of data fields and administration, are available.

The data gathering instrument are:

 Permission of Request Survey: a series of questions to be answered by women who victim and
abused. This instrument accompanies all copies of articles should subject for requesting
permission from the area or within the territory of the Municipal of Nasugbu. The Return
Request Forms or copies of standard forms completed by Municipal staff or other resources
when making a request for returns or copies from experimental Study Titles.
 Formative Interviews: interviews with selected users to inform the design of a system wide
survey on abused women behaviors within the territory. The structured interview: In interviews,
I have to have plan, well prepared with a broad range of knowledge or familiarity with the
behaviors, characteristics, effects and history to examine preferences and background with in
the specific problem of a particular battered syndrome of a women.
 Comment Cards: cards at service area of Nasugbu in Control and Experimental within the area
or sites offering a linkage to contribute reactions, suggestions and ideas on the Experimental
Treatment.
 Study Title Characteristics Worksheet: an examination or observation of behavior or
characteristics of each victim of abused women using both digital and print form against a
standard list of typography and content features drawn from literature and tested in the
Formative Interviews.
 Consultation Process Survey: a survey administered to Batangas State University, Nasugbu
Campus Liaisons on the effectiveness of the consultation and decisions making processes
needed to achieve the experimental condition.

Subject of the Study

The battered women who reside in the area under the jurisdiction of Municipality of Nasugbu in the
Province of Batangas were self-referred. Women who brutally victimized by abuser were asked to fill out
a questionnaire regarding their personal backgrounds of the men with whom they had been involved. In
order to randomize the subjects of this study, all existing completed questionnaires were alphabetized.
Then the first ten alphabetized questionnaires were chosen as subjects for this study.

These battered women subjects in this study were asked to give their background. The battered women
are mixed group, composed of individuals in different cases. Given the diverse area regardless of
position, situation, ages or religion, there is no unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of
prejudice. Furthermore the group is religiously mixed, including Protestants, Catholics, and members of
other religious denominations. Since battered Women were self-referring, women of all ages were
welcomed to come for interview. The subjects for this study, therefore, reflect a mixture of ages from
the late teens onwards.
It is important to note here that the women studied come for a diverse spectrum of financial and social
strata. Some of the women studied lived means of welfare. Others supported themselves through their
own employment. Others came from financially stable family backgrounds. Some women were wealthy,
others are poor. Some were employed, others unemployed.

The women varied greatly in terms of educational backgrounds. Some women had only a few years of
primary education. Some had completed secondary education. Some had university degrees after
completing courses of further education.

A subsequent analysis of the data from the study produced no statistically significant differences
(regarding the nature of their violent relationship) on the basis of nationality, geographical origins,
ethnicity, race, religion, age, education, or economic position. For the purposes of this study, therefore,
the one hundred subjects are to be considered as a mixed and randomly chosen sample from a refuge
where women involved in violent relationships came for help.

A word of explanation is necessary as to why all subjects for this study are women. Battered Women
treated not only women but also entire violent families. Battered women had its own school for the
children of violent families, a men is program to treat the female partner, and an adolescent unit.
Through the operation of all these programs, I learned that violence is not limited by age or by gender. I
have treated violent men, violent women, and violent children.

A violent childhood tends to create violent individuals, regardless of gender. Nevertheless, the theory
which most calls out for proof is that violence is not an exclusively male problem as currently popular
rhetoric would have us believe. The subjects for this particular study therefore are all women. On the
questionnaires, the women do answer questions about their abusing male partners. Statistical analysis
of these answers has produced some interesting results which will be discussed later on. These results,
however, are not to be considered the primary focus of this study. The primary focus of this study is
women.

Data Analysis/ Treatment of Data

Data analysis revealed no evidence to indicate the presence of learned helplessness among the battered
women in the sample. Sixty-eight percent of the women who had experienced severe violence sought
help one or more times for a personal problems and the predicate probability of seeking help for high
levels of severe violence was .77 while age, education, occupation, fear of being hit, having parents who
hit each other, and depression were all found to influence the probability of seeking help, the amount of
severe violence experienced was the primary factor in the woman’s decision to seek help. A stress
model of help-seeking was supported by the data. The findings suggest a needed change in the image of
the battered women from weak and passive to active and help-seeking. Appendixes include indexes for
help-seeking, severe violence, and depression, provided also are four data tables and eight figures.

Data Gathering Procedure

The procedure used for conducting the interviews was performed as follows. Women who victimize in
battering were scheduled for a session in their home in different barrios or barangay or within
geographical area under the jurisdiction of Municipality of Nasugbu, I personally visit or come to see for
inspection, examination, correction of abuses. They were asked to read and sign the informed consent,
and asked if they had any applicable questions for the researcher.

The survey is included here as an appendix. Respondents were asked questions regarding the minimum
and optimum standards for tenure promotion to the rank of associate professor. Specially, they were
asked their views on the importance or various types of publications and presentations. They were also
asked to rank various presses and journals for their importance in the field. Space was included for
respondents to make comments on issues not covered by specific questions in the survey.

The procedure for this study can be broken down into three steps: Completion of the questionnaires by
the subjects, the construction of chart recording information from the questionnaires and statistical
analyses of data from the chart.