International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research

Volume 4 Issue 10, 762 - 766, 2015, ISSN: 23198656

Detection of Anemia using Fuzzy Logic

Sonu Malu
Mewar University
Chittorgarh, Rajasthan
India

B. L. Pal
Mewar University
Chittorgarh, Rajasthan
India

Shiv Kumar
Mewar University
Chittorgarh, Rajasthan
India

Abstract: Medical Science is considered as a field of uncertainty, vagueness and complexity. Fuzzy logic plays an important role to
deal with these uncertainty, vagueness and complexity. Detection of diseases in medical is a very difficult task. To improve accuracy
rate engineers helping in detection of the diseases by developing the Expert System using Fuzzy Logic. Fuzzy logic consists of many
valued logic. It has varying values in the range of 0 and 1 instead of fix values. In this study, we developed a Fuzzy Expert system to
detect Anemia on the basis of Symptoms as well as clinical test.

Keywords: Anemia, Fuzzy Logic, Fuzzy Expert System, CBC Test

3. OBJECTIVES
1. INTRODUCTION

The Objectives are:

The blood that circulates throughout the body performs a number

1. Detect Anemia using Fuzzy Logic.

of critical functions. It delivers oxygen, removes carbon dioxide

2. Classify Anemia on the basis of Accuracy.

CO2, and carries life sustaining nutritions. By acting as the

vehicle for long-distance messengers such as hormones, blood

4. DESIGN MODEL

helps the various parts of the body communicate with each other.
This is carried out by blood cells through working in partnership

4.1 Introduction

with the liquid part of the blood (plasma). Anemia is a condition

Three steps are used to monitor general health and Anemia. But

where number of healthy RBC in the blood is lower than normal.

we are focusing only on the Tests and Procedures. Three steps

It is due to low RBCs, destruction of RBCs or loses of too

are as follows:

many RBCs. If your blood does not have enough RBCs, your

1. Medical and Family Histories

body doesnt get enough oxygen it needs. As a result you may

2. Physical Exam

feel tired and other symptoms. But sometimes it is very difficult

3. Tests and Procedures.

to detect anemia on the basis of symptoms only. In the domain of

4.2 Design of Fuzzy Logic System

Anemia there is no such boundary between what is healthy and

Design model divided into five steps:

what is diseased. Having so many factors to detect anemia makes

1. Problem Specification & define linguistic variables.

doctors work difficult. So, Experts require an accurate tool that

2. Define Fuzzy sets.

considering these risk factors and give some certain result for

3. Define Fuzzy Rule.

uncertain terms.

4. Encode Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Rules and Procedures to

build Expert System.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
When the studies in the literature related with this classification

5. METHOD

application are examined, it can be seen that a great variety of

we describe the designing of the fuzzy expert system.

methods were used. Among these, [5] Fuzzy System have been

5.1 Design a Fuzzy Logic System

used to diagnose the different types of anemia on the basis of

symptoms such as Irritability, tachycardia, Memory weakness,
Bleeding and Chronic fatigue. Another, [6] diagnose Liver

5.1.1 Problem Specification & Define linguistic

variables: There are 3 input variables and 1 output variables.

disease using fuzzy logic on the basis of CBC Test which uses 4
parameters such as WBC, HGB, HCT and PLT. [7] Ali.Adeli,

Linguistic Variables:

Mehdi. Neshat proposed a system to diagnose the heart disease

using fuzzy logic. [8] Nidhi Mishra and Dr. P Jha also develop

For Input Variables

a fuzzy expert system to diagnose the Sickle Cell Anemia.

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International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research

Volume 4 Issue 10, 762 - 766, 2015, ISSN: 23198656
28 - 31.9

Low

grams/deciliter
Table 1 Linguistic Variables for Input Variables
3
S.No.

Input Variables

32 - 36

MCHC

Variables
1

Hemoglobin

HGB

Mean Corpuscular

MCV

Medium

grams/deciliter

Linguistic

36.1 - 40

High

grams/deciliter

Volume
Output Variables & Value Ranges:
3

Mean Corpuscular

MCHC

Hemoglobin

Table 4 Values for all Output Linguistic

Concentration

Variables[6].

S.No.

For Output Variables

Linguistic

Ranges

Values

Variable
HGB is 5

Table 2 Linguistic Variables for Output Variables

13.8 g/dl
S.No

Output Variables

Linguistic
Variables
1.

Anemia

MCV is 60

MicroCytic

79.9 fl

HypoChro

Types of Anemia

mic
MCHC is
28 31.9

5.1.2 Define Fuzzy Sets:

g/dl
HGB is 5

Input Variables & Value Ranges:

13.8 g/dl
Table 3 Values for all Input Linguistic Variables[6]

MCV is 60

2.

S.No.

Linguistic
Variable

Ranges

79.9 fl

Types of

Values

Anemia

MicroCytic
NormoChr
omic

MCHC is
32 - 36g/dl
HGB is 5

5 - 13.8
grams/deciliter

HGB

13.9 to 16.3
grams/deciliter
16.4 18
grams/deciliter
60 79.9 fl

13.8 g/dl
Low
3.

MCV is 60

MicroCytic

79.9 fl

HyperChro

Medium

mic
MCHC is
36.1 - 40

High

Low

g/dl
4

HGB is 5
13.8 g/dl

MCV

79.9 to 100 fl
100.1 - 120 fl

Medium
High

NormoCyti

MCV is 80

HypoChro

- 100 fl

mic

MCHC is

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International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research

Volume 4 Issue 10, 762 - 766, 2015, ISSN: 23198656
28 31.9

5.1.3 Define Fuzzy Rules:

g/dl
5

As we have total 3 input variables so total number of possible

non conflicting fuzzy inference rules are 3 2 = 9 rules.

HGB is 5

First 3 rules are for Symptoms based testing:

13.8 g/dl
MCV is 80
- 100 fl
MCHC is

1. If ( irritation is Effective ) && ( Heart_Rate is High ) && (

NormoCyti

Disorder is cancer ) then HGB is low.

2. If ( irritation is Effective ) && ( Heart_Rate is High ) &&(

NormoCHr

Disorder is cancer ) && ( Blood_Loss is Stomach / intestine

omic

bleeding ) then HGB is low.

32 - 36

3. If ( irritation is Effective ) && ( Heart_Rate is High ) && (

g/dl

Disorder is cancer ) && ( Blood_Loss is Stomach / intestine

bleeding ) && ( Weak_Memory is Effective ) then HGB is

HGB is 5

low[5].

13.8 g/dl
MCV is 80
- 100 fl
MCHC is

Further, 3 rules are for the classification of anemia on the

NormoCyti
c
HyperChro
mic

36.1 40

basis of MCV only:

4. If ( HGB is Low ) && ( MCV is Low ) then MicroCytic is
High.
5. If ( HGB is Low ) && ( MCV is Medium) then NormoCytic
is high.

g/dl

6. If ( HGB is Low ) && ( MCV is High ) then MacroCytic is

high.

HGB is 5

At last 9 rules are for the further classification of anemia on

13.8 g/dl
MCV is
100.1
120 fl

the basis of all three parameters such as HGB, MCV, &

MCHC.
MacroCytic

7. If ( HGB is Low ) && ( MCV is Low ) && ( MCHC is Low

HypoChro

) then MicroCytic is HypoChromic.

mic

8. If ( HGB is Low ) && ( MCV is Low ) && ( MCHC is

MCHC is

Medium ) then MicroCytic is NormoChromic.

28 31.9

9. If ( HGB is Low ) && (MCV is Low ) && ( MCHC is High

) then MicroCytic is HyperChromic.

g/dl

10. If ( HGB is Low ) && ( MCV is Medium ) && (

8

HGB is 5

MCHC is Low ) then NormoCytic is HypoChromic.

13.8 g/dl

11. If ( HGB is Low ) && ( MCV is Medium ) && ( MCHC is

MCV is

MacroCytic

100.1

NormoCHr

120 fl

omic

Medium ) then NormoCytic is NormoChromic.

12. If ( HGB is Low ) && ( MCV is Medium ) && ( MCHC is
High ) then NormoCytic is HyperChromic.
13. If ( HGB is Low ) && ( MCV is High ) && ( MCHC is

MCHC is

Low ) then MacroCytic is HypoChromic.

32 - 36g/dl

14. If ( HGB is Low ) && ( MCV is High ) && ( MCHC is

Medium ) then MacroCytic is NormoChromic.

HGB is 5

15. If ( HGB is Low ) && ( MCV is High ) && ( MCHC is

13.8 g/dl
MCV is
100.1
120 fl

MacroCytic

Table 5 Illustration of applied rules with Respect to MF[6]

HyperChro
mic

Linguist

Linguis

Linguist

MCHC is

Rule

ic

tic

ic

36.1 40

No.

Variable

Variabl

Variable

e2

g/dl

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High ) then MacroCytic is HyperChromic[6].

Result

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International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research

Volume 4 Issue 10, 762 - 766, 2015, ISSN: 23198656
(HGB)

(MCV)

Form:

(MCHC)
MicroCy

Low

Low

Low

tic is
HypoCH
romic
MicroCy

Low

Low

Medium

tic is
NormoC
hromic
MicroCy

Low

Low

High

tic is
HyperCh

Figure 1 Input Form

romic
NormoC
4

Low

Mediu

Low

ytic is

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 6 Input Values for Results

HypoChr
omic
S. No
NormoC

Low

Mediu
m

Medium

Input

Values

Ranges

Variable

Ranges

Selected

HGB

10.9 g/dl

5< 10.9 <

ytic is
NormoC

18 g/dl

hromic
NormoC
6

Low

Mediu

High

MCV

31.00 fl

< 79.9 fl

ytic is
HyperCh

60< 31.00

MCHC

romic

30 g/dl

28< 30
<31.9 g/dl

MacroCy
7

Low

High

Low

tic is
HypoChr
omic
MacroCy

Low

High

Medium

tic is
NormoC
hromic

Low

High

High

MacroCy
tic is
Hyperhr
omic
Figure 2 Result from given Input Values

5.1.4 Build Fuzzy Expert System:

7. CONCLUSION
In this paper, fuzzy logic is applied to classify and detect
Anemia on the basis of CBC Test. The success of fuzzy
detection in its application to a real clinical case shows that
fuzzy detection is an improvement of probabilistic logic.
Results have been shown from this fuzzy expert system with

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765

International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research

Volume 4 Issue 10, 762 - 766, 2015, ISSN: 23198656
past time expert system are more efficient and less expensive. It

[7]

detect anemia on the basis of both Symptoms and CBC Test.

Perception of Tired Blood and its causes using mining

N.Tamil Selvi, S. Saranya, P. Usha, M. Yashodha,

From the viewpoint of an end-user, the results of this work can

Techniques, International Journal of Engineering Sciences &

facilitate laboratory work by reducing the time and cost.

Research Technology, ISSN: 2277-9655, Vol 4(1), January2015.

[8] P. Usha, S.Saranya and N. Tamilselvi, Prevalence and risk

8. FUTURE WORK
The future work will focus on developing a machine learning
approach to classify different types of anemic RBCs in
microscopic images. The method described in this dissertation
can be extends in future very efficiently. We can classify
anemia on the basis of RBC structure using digital image
processing. We can also provide some CBC reports and load
that report as it is in our system and detect anemia in future. We
can also detect anemia and classify it only on the the basis of

factors of anemia along with classifiers, International Journal of

Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol. 4, Issue 5, May-2013.
[9] Aqueel Ahmed and Shaikh Abdul Hannan, Data Mining
Techniques to find out heart diseases : An Overview,
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring
Engineering, ISSN: 2278-3075, Vol. 1, Issue 4, September2012.
[10] Eva C. Guinan, Diagnosis and management of Aplastic
Anemia, American Society of Hematology, 2011.

CBC Test without using symptoms test.

[11] G. Licata, Employing fuzzy logic in the diagnosis pf

clinical case, Health Journal, Vol. 2, No. 3, 211-224 , 2010.

9. ACKNOWLDGEMENT

[12] Mayo Clinic : http://www.mayoclinic.org

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my dissertation

guide Mr. B.L. Pal, Assistant Professor, Computer science and
Engineering department, Mewar University, for his excellence
guidance, valuable suggestion that greatly helped me to
complete the dissertation successfully. I would like to place on
record my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Shiv Kumar,
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science &
Engineering, Mewar University, for his stimulating cooperation, unfailing inspiration and continuous encouragement
throughout the course of present work.

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[4] National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, U.S. Department
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