Cable Fault Location
Cable Fault Location Procedure
Fault Indication
Disconnecting and Earthing
(according to local standards and safety regulations)
Fault Analyses and Insulation Test
Cable Fault Prelocation
Cable Tracing
Precise Cable Fault Location (Pin Pointing)
Cable Identification
Fault Marking and Repair
Cable Testing and Diagnosis
(according to local standards and safety regulations)
Switch on Power
Cable Fault Location Procedure
Fault Indication
Disconnecting and Earthing
(according to local standards and safety regulations)
Fault Analyses and Insulation Test
Cable Fault Prelocation
Cable Tracing
Precise Cable Fault Location (Pin Pointing)
Cable Identification
Fault Marking and Repair
Cable Testing and Diagnosis
(according to local standards and safety regulations)
Switch on Power
Cable Fault Types
low resistant faults (R < 100W)
short circuit
high resistant faults (R > 100W)
faults between
core-core or/and
core-sheath
intermittent faults (break down or flash faults)
interruptions (cable cuts)
cable sheath faults
defects on the
outer protective
shield (PVC, PE)
Cable Fault Location Procedure
Fault Indication
Disconnecting and Earthing
(according to local standards and safety regulations)
Fault Analyses and Insulation Test
Cable Fault Prelocation
Cable Tracing
Precise Cable Fault Location (Pin Pointing)
Cable Identification
Fault Marking and Repair
Cable Testing and Diagnosis
(according to local standards and safety regulations)
Switch on Power
Methods of Cable Fault Prelocation
Method
Fault Characteristics
Impulse Reflection Method
high faults (e.g. cable cuts), low faults
Secondary Impulse Method/
Multiple Impulse Method
high faults, intermittent faults
Impulse Current Method
high faults, intermittent faults
(long cables)
Decay Method
intermittent faults
(breakdown voltage higher than 32kV)
Burn Down Techniques
high faults, intermittent faults
Bridge Measurement
high faults cable sheath faults, low faults
Impulse Reflection Method
high , open end
l = t x v/2
low , short circuit fault
change of impedance, e.g. joint
reflection factor
z z
z z
2
LV pulse max. 160V
Impulse Reflection Method,
comparison method
Trace description:
[Link] reflection at the cable end
healthy core
[Link] reflection at the faulty
point (short circuit)
faulty core
Demo
Secondary Impulse Method - SIM
l = t x v/2
Secondary Impulse Method - SIM
Demo
First measurement: positive reflection of the cable end
Second measurement: negative reflection from the arcing fault
Multiple Impulse Method - MIM
(advanced SIM)
TCL
1
2
3
4
5
TCL
positive reflection of the far cable end (total cable length)
1 5 5 echograms of the arcing fault are recorded
MIM applied on a wet high resistant cable fault
(measurement 1 cable fault not yet arcing)
MIM applied on a wet high resistant cable fault
(measurement 2 cable fault not yet arcing)
MIM applied on a wet high resistant cable fault
(measurement 3 cable fault arcing)
MIM applied on a wet high resistant cable fault
(measurement 4 cable fault arcing)
MIM applied on a wet high resistant cable fault
(measurement 5 cable fault no more arcing, extinguished)
DC Application of MIM (advanced SIM)
Time Domain Reflectometer IRG 3000
IRG 3000 with 15 stand alone monitor
Worldwide unique features IRG 3000
The unique Multiple Impulse Method MIM
ensures highest performance.
Fully automatic measuring sequences and fully automatic setting of all
measuring parameters assure most efficient and successful cable fault
location.
Fully automatic setting of the measuring cursors allows fully automatic
assessment of the fault distance in meters.
200 MHz real time sampling rate leads to highest accuracy of 0,1% and
highest resolution of 0,1 m.
Worldwide unique features IRG 3000
Measuring ranges from 10 m up to several 100 km and a memory for
more than 100 000 echograms enable universal application.
Windows 2000 Multilanguage allows worldwide software translations and
ensures max. comfort for operators.
Simultaneous display of up to 8 measurement traces provides highest
performance and comfort in comparisons with old measuring results.
Time Domain Reflectometer IRG 2000
Features
portable, easy to use
interactive menu-guidance
operated via knob and function keys
battery operated
measuring range up to 65 km (213,000 ft)
measuring input voltage proof up to 400 V
printer connection via RS 232
memory up to 100 echogramms
Impulse Current Method
l = t x v/2
Impulse Current Method,
measurement example
Decay Method
PHG/
PGK
intermittent fault
break down fault
l = t x v/4
Decay Method, measurement example
Differential Impulse Method
Differential Decay Method
Fault distance from cable end
Bridge Method (Wheatstone)
The bridge is in balance if both measuring
points a) and b) have the same value. The
galvanometer shows a value of zero.
The measuring points a) and b) have the same value if:
R
R
1
3
R
R
2
4
R2 R3
If R4 is an unknown resistance Rx, the value Rx is defined:
R2
Rx
R
R
1
Bridge Method (Murray)
with one auxiliary line and constant cross section
The distance to the cable fault point is:
: Scale division of measuring ten turn potentiometer (000,0....999,0)
Bridge Method (Glaser)
with two auxiliary lines and constant cross section
The distance to the cable fault point is:
a: Scale division of measuring ten turn potentiometer (000,0....999,0)
Measuring Bridge
Shirla
Cable Fault Location Procedure
Fault Indication
Disconnecting and Earthing
(according to local standards and safety regulations)
Fault Analyses and Insulation Test
Cable Fault Prelocation
Cable Tracing
Precise Cable Fault Location (Pin Pointing)
Cable Identification
Fault Marking and Repair
Cable Testing and Diagnosis
(according to local standards and safety regulations)
Switch on Power
Cable Tracing
1. Galvanic connection
cable
2. Inductive connection
with current clip on
device
search coil
[Link] connection
with frame antenna
Important:
correct positioning
of transmitter a > 10m
cable
Cable Tracing (TG + UL + SP or CL 20)
1. Minimum Method
2. Maximum Method
3. Depth Measurement
according to the
Minimum Method
Locator Set
Cable Locator
Cable Fault Location Procedure
Fault Indication
Disconnecting and Earthing
(according to local standards and safety regulations)
Fault Analyses and Insulation Test
Cable Fault Prelocation
Cable Tracing
Precise Cable Fault Location (Pin Pointing)
Cable Identification
Fault Marking and Repair
Cable Testing and Diagnosis
(according to local standards and safety regulations)
Switch on Power
Acoustic Fault Location
Propagation Time Measurement,
pick up of magnetic and acoustic signal
Acoustic Fault Location at Manholes
Pin Pointing Set UL and BM
Distance indication in m
Acoustic and magn. Pick up
High noise suppression
Manhole feature
Multi receiver UL
Light weight
whether proof
digital backlit display
Cable Sheath Fault Location
Shirla Cable sheath fault locator
(H.V. DC source)
1 cable sheath
2 shield
3 conductor
4 cable sheath fault
5 receiver with earth gradiant voltage
pick up
6 receiving signal (bi-directional)
shirla
Cable Sheath Fault Location
shirla
Shirla, Cable Test and Fault location system
Cable and cable sheath testing
up to 10kV
Fault prelocation / Measuring bridge
- up to 10kV
Fault pinpointing / step voltage method
- up to 10 kV
Cable Fault Location Procedure
Fault Indication
Disconnecting and Earthing
(according to local standards and safety regulations)
Fault Analyses and Insulation Test
Cable Fault Prelocation
Cable Tracing
Precise Cable Fault Location (Pin Pointing)
Cable Identification
Fault Marking and Repair
Cable Testing and Diagnosis
(according to local standards and safety regulations)
Switch on Power
Cable Identification
Single core cable
Multi core cable
Cable Identification Instrument
KSG 100
Flexible Rogowsky coil
Single and 3-core cables
Reliable signal acquisition
via digital analysis of
direction, amplitude and
synchronisation
Fault location system for low voltage networks
STG 600 / 1000
Cable testing, prelocation
and pin-pointing
Test voltage up to
5 kV
Pulse voltage up to 4 kV
Energy up to
1000 J
Fault location system for medium voltage networks
Syscompact 2000M
Cable testing, prelocation
and pin-pointing
Voltage range 8/16 kV
adjustable in 0,1 kV steps
Energy
1000J
Weight
~85 kg
Fault location system for medium voltage networks
Syscompact 2000 / 32 kV portable version
Cable testing, prelocation
and pin-pointing
Voltage range 8/16/32 kV
step less adjustable
Energy up to 2100 J
IRG 2000
Fault location system for medium voltage networks
Syscompact 2000 / 32 kV portable version with wheels
Cable testing, prelocation
and pin-pointing
Voltage range 8/16/32 kV
step less adjustable
Energy up to 2100 J
IRG 2000
Fault location system for medium voltage networks
Syscompact 2000 / 32 kV
Cable testing, prelocation
and pin-pointing
Voltage range 8/16/32 kV
step less adjustable
Energy up to 2100 J
IRG 2000
Fault location system for medium voltage networks
Syscompact 3000
Cable testing, prelocation
and pin-pointing
Voltage range 8/16/32 kV
step less adjustable
Energy up to 2100 J
IRG 3000
TRANSCABLE
TRANSCABLE
TRANSCABLE
Cable Test Van TRANSCABLE
including Cable Diagnosis
References
Thousands of BAUR Cable fault location systems
are in daily use all over the world.
60 years of experience.
Stadtwerke
Saarbrcken AG
