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A
Seminar report
On
Bio-Battery
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the awa
of Electronics
SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITT
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Preface
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Acknowledgement
opportunity to expand my knowledge for my own branch and giving me g
seminar report. It helped me a lot to realize of what we study for.
Secondly, I would like to thank my parents who patiently helped me as i w
and helped to modify and eliminate some of the irr elevant or un-necessar
Thirdly, I would like to thank my friends who helped me to make my wor
well-stacked till the end.
Next, I would thank Microsoft for developing such a wonderful tool lik
my work a lot to remain error-free.
Last but clearly not the least, I would thank The Almighty for giving me
my report on time.
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Introduction
A bio-battery is an energy storing device that is powered by organic comp
glucose, such as the glucose in human blood. When enzymes in human bo
glucose, several electrons and protons are released.
Therefore, by using enzymes to break down glucose, bio-batteries directly
glucose. These batteries then store this energy for later use. This concep
how both plants and many animals obtain ener gy.
Although the batteries are still being tested before being commercially so
teams and engineers are working to further advance the development of th
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What is a Bio-Battery?
A bio-battery is known as a device in which the substrate material, organi
converted to electric ener gy. This conversion takes place with the help of
biochemical agents, such as enzymes or micro-organisms.
The substrate is broken down in the presence of these agents to release pr
The continuous circulation of these protons and electrons within the bio-b
electricity.
History
As an electrical signal can induce a biological reaction; the reverse in is a
the cases and in this way biological processes can be used to generate elec
powering electrical equipment.
Even though the Bio fuel cells have been known for almost a century sinc
BFC(Bio fuel cells) was demonstrated in 1912,the first enzyme-based bio
reported only in 1964 using glucose oxidize (GOx) as the anodic catalyst
bio-fuel.
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Workings of Bio-Battery
Structure
Like any cell battery, bio-batteries contain an anode, cathode, separator an
component layered on top of another. Anodes and cathodes are the negati
a battery that allow electrons to flow in and out.
The anode is located at the top of the batter y and the cathode is located a
battery. Anodes allow electrons to flow in from outside the battery, where
current to flow out from the battery.
Between the anode and the cathode lies the electr olyte which contains a s
function of the separator is to keep the cathode and anode separated, to av
circuits. This system as a whole, allows for a flow of protons (H+) and ele
ultimately generates electricity.
Glucose
Bio batteries are heavily based on the amount of glucose available. This g
provided from nearly anything, including soda, waste materials (such as o
glucose in living organisms.
The decomposition of materials to glucose (if they are not already in the p
main step in getting the cycle started. Materials can be converted into glu
process of enzymatic hydrolysis.
Enzymatic hydrolysis is the process in which cellulose (an insoluble subs
glucose by the addition of [Link] glucose is present, oxygen and o
on it to further produce protons and electrons.
Process
Similar to how human bodies convert food to energy using enzymes, bioto convert glucose into [Link] glucose first enters the batter y, it en
In the anode the sugar is broken down, producing both electrons and proto
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These electrons and protons produced now play an important role in creat
through the electrolyte, where the separator redirects electrons to go throu
to the cathode. On the other hand, protons are redirected to go through the
cathode side of the battery.
The cathode then consists of an oxidation reduction [Link] reaction
electrons, with the addition of oxygen gas, to produce water.
O2 +4H + + 4e - 2H
2O
There is a flow created from the anode to the cathode which is what gener
the [Link] flow of electrons and protons in the system are what c
electricity.
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Need for Bio-Batteries
In the field of electricity, a battery is a device that converts chemical ener
Different types of batteries are used in various electronic and electrical de
batteries contain certain chemicals such as compounds of lead and mercu
toxic in nature. Also, chemical batteries are prone to explosions, leakages
are not seen in the case of bio-batteries.
Therefore, bio-batteries have a great potential to be used as suitable alter n
replacements for chemical batteries in the futur e.
Types of bio-batteries
Depending on the type of agents involved in the breakdown of the substra
bio-batteries are -
Enzymatic bio-battery - Biochemical agents, i.e., enzymes are involved
substrate (mainly sugars).
Microbial bio-battery - Micro-organisms such as Escherichia coli, electr
involved in the breakdown of substrate (organic or inorganic).
In both types of bio-batteries, the breakdown of the substrate yields proto
circulation of these protons and electrons within the bio-battery generates
electricity.
Other types of bio-batteries developed include cellulose-based bio-batt
bio-batteries , etc.
Even mitochondria (sourced from a suitable biological cell) can be used i
they are regarded as the "energy powerhouses" of the biological cell.
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Future Scope
Improved design and performance leads to 50X higher volumetric power
existing prototype .The longer-term goal in this area is to further enhance
ultimately develop batteries suitable for notebook computers and other m
While many technological challenges still remain, Bio Battery has great p
generation energy device.
Advantages include its excellent harmony with the environment as a prod
carbohydrate (glucose) having high energy density. Sony will continue to
commercialization of this technology in the near future, initially for use in
low-power products.
Bio-batteries have a very bright future ahead of them as test productions a
been increasing over recent years. They serve as a new form of energy tha
environmentally friendly, as well as successful, in producing and reservin
integrated demonstrations are to be executed in close collaboration with c
relevant applications.
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Advantages
Bio-batteries have various advantages over chemical batteries Quick recharging capabilities
Enzymatic bio-batteries which function on glucose can be recharged quic
the enzymes. Also, in a microbial bio-battery, glucose is an instantaneous
Therefore, the battery can be recharged extremely quickly. Chemical batt
as quickly as bio-batteries.
Clean, non-toxic source of energy
Sources of energy (susbstrate material) for the functioning of a bio-batter
renewable, non-polluting, as well as environmentally-friendly (wastewate
electricity). Therefore, unlike chemical batteries, bio-batteries are a clean
energy.
Extremely safe
Bio-batteries do not undergo explosions or leakages, which is not the case
batteries. Therefore, bio-batteries are completely safe to use.
Disadvantages
Compared to conventional batteries, such as lithium batteries, bio-batterie
retain most of their energy. This causes a problem when it comes to long
of energy for these batter ies.
However, researchers are continuing to develop the battery in order to ma
replacement for current batteries and sources of energy.
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Applications
Presently, bio-batteries are under development for greater improvement,
various areas. Research is being carried out in this field of study.
However, bio-batteries can have great potential applications in the follow
Electronic devices - Bio-batteries are being developed so as to be used in
such as laptops and mobile phones. Owing to their quick recharging capab
remain ideal replacements for chemical batteries in these devices. Bio-bat
great potential to be used in electronic toys.
Medicine - Bio-batteries can find great usage in artificially-implanted me
artificial pacemakers, external hearing devices, battery-operated insulin p
thermometers and glucose meters (used by diabetics) can also be operated
Defence purposes - Bio-batteries have great potential to be used in the de
purposes of surveillance, remote sensing, spying devices, etc.
Fuel synthesis - Scientists have developed a prototype of a solar -powere
(combination of a bio-battery and a solar cell) which produces hydrogen g
for this combination device are wastewater and sunlight.
If this technology is further developed and used on a larger scale, wastew
recycled, and the increasing demand for clean, non-polluting fuel can be a
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Conclusion
The Bio batteries are High performing, stable, and reproducible enzymati
developed over last 5 years. The Scaled-up demonstration of Bio-Batter y
circuit (performed at both Power Sources and Army Science Confs).
Fully-integrated Bio-Battery charging prototypes are already developed. F
multiple Department of Defense (DOD) agencies for multiple target appli
5 years.
While many exciting announcements have been made in the field of bio-b
some time before we see them replacing nickel-cadmium, lithium-ion or t
of traditional batteries.
Even so, the small, flexible, long-lasting and environmentally friendly bat
discussed here show the great possibilities resear chers see in bio-batterie
of medicine. The technology generates electricity by turning shredded pap
turn is used as fuel. If brought to market, the innovation could allow the p
power of their mobile devices using waste material.
Compared to conventional batteries, such as lithium batteries, bio-batterie
retain most of their energy. This causes a problem when it comes to long
of energy for these batter ies. However, researchers are continuing to dev
to make it a more practical replacement for current batteries and sources o
The bio-batteries are environmentally friendly as they did not use harmfu
With that in mind, scientists seem to be exploring every possible option in
cell technology.
They serve as a new form of energy that is proving to be environmentally
successful, in producing and reserving energy. Although the batteries are
being commercially sold, several r esearch teams and engineers are worki
the development of these batteries.
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Reference
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