Cable Impedance Calculations - Open Electrical
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From Open Electrical
This article provides details on the calculation of cable impedances - dc resistance, ac resistance and
inductive reactance.
1 Cable Resistance
1.1 DC Resistance
1.2 AC Resistance
2 Cable Reactance
3 References
The dc and ac resistance of cable conductors can be calculated based on IEC 60287-1 Clause 2.1.
DC Resistance
The dc resistance of cable conductors is calculated as follows:
Where
is the dc resistance at the conductor operating temperature ( / km)
is the resistivity of the conductor material at 20oC (.km).
For copper conductors,
= 1.7241 x 10-5
For aluminium conductors,
= 2.8264 x 10-5
is the cross-sectional area of the conductor (mm2)
is the temperature coefficient of the conductor material per K at 20oC.
For copper conductors,
= 3.93 x 10-3
For aluminium conductors,
= 4.03 x 10-3
is the conductor operating temperature (oC)
AC Resistance
The ac resistance of cable conductors is the dc resistance corrected for skin and proximity effects.
Where
is the ac resistance at the conductor operating temperature ( / km)
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Cable Impedance Calculations - Open Electrical
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is the dc resistance at the conductor operating temperature ( / km)
is the skin effect factor (see below)
is the proximity effect factor (see below)
The skin effect factor is calculated as follows:
Where
is the dc resistance at the conductor operating temperature ( / km)
is the supply frequency (Hz)
is a constant (see table below)
Note that the formula above is accurate provided that
2.8.
The proximity effect factor varies depending on the conductor geometry. For round conductors, the
following formulae apply.
For 2C and 2 x 1C cables:
For 3C and 3 x 1C cables:
Where
is the dc resistance at the conductor operating temperature ( / km)
is the supply frequency (Hz)
is the diameter of the conductor (mm)
is the distance between conductor axes (mm)
is a constant (see table below)
Note that the formula above is accurate provided that
2.8.
For shaped conductors, the proximity effect factor is two-thirds the values calculated above, and with:
equal to the diameter of an equivalent circular conductor of equal cross-sectional area and
degree of compaction (mm)
where is the thickness of the insulation between conductors (mm)
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Cable Impedance Calculations - Open Electrical
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Type of Conductor
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Dried and
Impregnated?
Copper
Round, stranded
Yes
0.8
Round, stranded
No
Round, segmental
0.435
0.37
Sector-shaped
Yes
0.8
Sector-shaped
No
Aluminium
Round, stranded
Either
Round, 4 segment
Either
0.28
0.37
Round, 5 segment
Either
0.19
0.37
Round, 6 segment
Either
0.12
0.37
The series inductive reactance of a cable can be approximated by the following equation:
Where
is the conductor inductive reactance ( / km)
is the supply frequency (Hz)
is the axial spacing between conductors (mm)
is the diameter of the conductor, or for shaped conductors, the diameter of an equivalent
circular conductor of equal cross-sectional area and degree of compaction (mm)
is a constant factor pertaining to conductor formation (see below for typical values)
No. of wire
strands in
conductor
0.0778
0.0642
19
0.0554
37
0.0528
>60
0.0514
1 (solid)
0.0500
For 3C and 3 x 1C cables, the axial spacing parameter
depends on the geometry of the conductors:
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IEC 60287-1-1, Electric cables Calculation of current rating Part 1: Current rating
equations (100% load factor) and calculation of losses Section 1: General
(http://webstore.iec.ch/p-preview/info_iec60287-1-1%7Bed1.2%7Den_d.pdf) , 2006
G.F. Moore, Electric Cables Handbook (http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0632040750
/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=openelect-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&
creative=399349&creativeASIN=0632040750) , Third Edition, 1997, an excellent reference
book for cables
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Category: Electropedia
This page was last modified on 3 May 2011, at 15:05.
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