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Spanish Grammar: Verbs, Tenses, and Vocabulary

The document provides examples of verbs and expressions used to describe the present, past, and future in Spanish. It includes common verbs like haber, tener, ir, and acabar followed by infinitives. It also lists expressions used to indicate timeframes, such as hace + time and there is/are. The document then continues with explanations of progressive and perfect tenses in Spanish.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
265 views27 pages

Spanish Grammar: Verbs, Tenses, and Vocabulary

The document provides examples of verbs and expressions used to describe the present, past, and future in Spanish. It includes common verbs like haber, tener, ir, and acabar followed by infinitives. It also lists expressions used to indicate timeframes, such as hace + time and there is/are. The document then continues with explanations of progressive and perfect tenses in Spanish.

Uploaded by

aben
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Hay

Haba
hay que + infinitive
tener que + infinitive
tener ganas de + infinitive
ir a + infinitive
acabar de + infinitive
hace + time

there is/are
there was/were
it is necessary to + infinitive
to have to / must + infinitive
to want to + infinitive
to be going to + infinitive
to have just + past participle
time + ago

42. Progressive Tenses


The progressive tense indicates an action that is ongoing. It is formed by using estar (in any
tense) with a present participle. Present participles are formed by dropping the ending of the
verb, and adding the following endings to the stem:

-ar
-er
-ir

Present Participles
-ando
-iendo
-iendo

Juan est hablando. Juan is talking.


Estaban cantando. They were singing.
Estuve escribiendo una carta. I was writing a letter.
A few irregular present participles are: poder - pudiendo, dormir - durmiendo, sentir sintiendo, venir - viniendo, pedir - pidiendo, leer - leyendo, ir - yendo, rer - riendo.

43. Haber
haber - to have (auxiliary verb)
present
preterite
imperfect
He
hube
haba
Has
hubiste
habas
Ha
hubo
haba
Hemos
hubimos
habamos

Habis
Han

hubisteis
hubieron

habais
haban

This verb does not mean to possess (that is tener); but it is used in past tenses as an auxiliary
verb.

44. Present & Past Perfect


The present perfect tense is a compound tense using haber with a past participle. (Haber is only
used as a helping verb; it is never used to show possession.) This tense can be translated as
"have/has + past participle." Please note that the preterite tense is used more often than the
perfect when expressing the past.
Past participles are formed by dropping the infinitive ending, and adding these endings:

-ar
-er
-ir

Past Participles
-ado
-ido
-ido

The following verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) - abierto (opened); escribir
(to write) - escrito (written); morir (to die) - muerto (died); poner (to put) - puesto (put); ver (to
see) - visto (seen); volver (to return) - vuelto (returned); decir (to say) - dicho (said); hacer (to
do) - hecho (done).
No han vendido la casa. They have not sold the house.
Dnde ha puesto Ud. la llave? Where have you put the key?
Hemos ganado mucho dinero. We have earned a lot of money.
Qu ha dicho Ud.? What did you say?

The past perfect tense corresponds to the English "had + past participle." It indicates an event
that happened prior to another event in the past. It consists of the imperfect of haber and a past
participle. Sometimes the preterite of haber is used, but the imperfect is more common.

Carlos haba vivido en Mxico. Carlos had lived in Mexico.


Habamos aprendido el espaol. We had learned Spanish.

45. Places

airport
bakery
bank
bar
barn

el aeropuerto
la panadera
el banco
el bar
el granero

embassy
factory
farm
fire hydrant
fountain

la embajada
la fbrica
la granja
la boca de agua
la fuente

barracks

el cuartel

garage

el garaje

bench

el banco

bridge
bookstore
building
butcher's
castle
cathedral
cemetery

el puente
la librera
el edificio
la carnicera
el castillo
la catedral
el cementerio

grocery
store
hospital
hotel
house
hut
Inn
lane (town)
library

el
supermercado
el hospital
el hotel
la casa
la cabaa
la posada
la calleja
la biblioteca

church

la iglesia

market

el mercado

suburb

cinema
consulate
corner
courtyard

el cine
el consulado
la esquina
el patio
el cruce
peatonal
la drsena

ministry
monument
museum
palace

el ministerio
el monumento
el museo
el palacio

path

la tintorera

crosswalk
dock
dry
cleaner's

pier
police station
port
prison
restaurant
road
(highway)

el muelle
la comisara
el puerto
la prisin
el restaurante
la carretera / la
va

school

la escuela

sidewalk
square
stable
stadium
stop sign
store
street

theater
tower
town
town hall

la acera
la plaza
la cuadra
el estadio
la seal de alto
la tienda
la calle
el barro
residencial
el teatro
la torre
la ciudad
el ayuntamiento

la senda

traffic light

el semforo

pavement

la acera

university

la universidad

pharmacy

la farmacia

village

el pueblo

In Mexico, the square in many towns is called el zcalo.


Addresses in the Spanish-speaking world use the name of the street first, then the number of the
building.

46. Transportation

by bus
by bicycle
by car
by motorcycle
by subway
by taxi
by plane
by train
by boat
on foot

en autobs
en bicicleta
en coche
en motocicleta
en metro
en taxi
en avin
en tren
en barco
a pie

El coche can also be used for car, while bus can also be la guagua (Cuba), la camioneta
(Colombia and Venezuela) or el camin (Mexico) - but el camin means truck in other
countries. A longer bus in Cuba is el camello and in Mexico it is el gusano.

47. To Want, to Be Able to, to Have to


Present
Quiero
Quieres
Quiere
Queremos
Queries
Quieren

querer - to want
preterite
quise
quisiste
quiso
quisimos
quisisteis
quisieron

imperfect
quera
queras
quera
queramos
querais
queran

Present
Puedo
Puedes
Puede
Podemos
Podis

poder - to be able to, can


preterite
pude
pudiste
pudo
pudimos
pudisteis

imperfect
poda
podas
poda
podamos
podais

Pueden

pudieron

podan

Present
Debo
Debes
Debe
Debemos
Debis
Deben

deber - to have to, must


preterite
deb
debiste
debi
debimos
debisteis
debieron

imperfect
deba
debas
deba
debamos
debais
deban

The difference in verb tenses (among the past) can change the meaning of the verb slightly

49. House & Furniture


alarm
clock
armchair

el despertador

drawer

el silln

dresser

ashtray

el cenicero

attic

el desvn

balcony

el balcn

el tocador
la entrada del
driveway
garaje
el lector de
DVD player
DVD
fence
la cerca

basement el stano

film

basket
bathroom
bathtub
batteries
bed

la cesta
el bao
la baera
las pilas
la cama
la alcoba / el
bedroom
dormitorio
bell (door) la campanilla
blanket
la cobija
blinds
la persiana

fire
flame
flashlight
flat
floor
floor
(levels)
flower
freezer
front walk

bookcase la librera

furniture

box

garage

la caja

el cajn

pipe

la pipa

pipe (water) el tubo


poker

el atizador

radio

la radio

record

el disco
el
la pelcula
refrigerator
refrigerador/nevera
el fuego
roof
el tejado
la llama
room
el cuarto
la linterna
rug
la alfombra
el apartamento sheet
la sbana
el suelo
shelf
el estante
el piso / la
shovel
la pala
planta
la flor
shower
la ducha
el congelador sideboard el aparador
la vereda
sink
el fregadero
sink
los muebles
el lavabo/lavamanos
(bathroom)
el garaje
sitting room la sala

broom
la escoba
bucket
el balde
camcorder la cmara
la mquina de
camera
fotos
candle
la vela
carpet
la alfombra
cassette
la cinta
CD player el lector de CD
ceiling
el techo
chair
la silla
chimney la chimenea
el puro / el
cigar
cigarro
cigarette el cigarrillo
clock
el reloj
closet
el armario
compact el disco
disc
compacto
computer la computadora
corner
el rincn

smoke
sofa
stairs

el humo
el sof
las escaleras

hook

el gancho

steps

los escalones

house
iron (flat)
kerosene
key
kitchen
ladder
lamp

la casa
la plancha
el petrleo
la llave
la cocina
la escalera
la lmpara

story
stove
study
switch
table
tap (faucet)
telephone

el piso
la estufa
el estudio
el conmutador
la mesa
el grifo
el telfono

lawn

el csped

television

el televisor

toaster
toilet (WC)
towel
vacuum
cleaner
vase
VCR

la tostadora
el inodoro/excusado
la toalla

light bulb
la bombilla
living room la sala
lock
la cerradura
mailbox

el buzn

la cortina
el cojn
el escritorio

matches
mattress
microwave
oven
mirror
oven
pantry

las cerillas
el colchn
el horno
microondas
el espejo
el horno
la despensa

el comedor

picture

el cuadro

la puerta

pillow

la almohada

cupboard la alacena
curtain
cushion
desk
dining
room
door

garden
el jardn
ground floor la planta baja
hearth
la chimenea

el jarrn
el magnetoscopio

wall (house) el muro


wall (room) la pared
window
la ventana
yard
el jardn

50. Comparative & Superlative


Comparisons are expressed as follows:
ms [adjective] que
menos [adjective] que
tan [adjective] como
tanto (-a, -os, -as) [noun] como

el aspirador

more [adjective] than


less [adjective] than
as [adjective] as
as much/many [noun] as

El gato es menos inteligente que el perro. The cat is less intelligent than the dog.
Mi prima tiene ms discos que nadie. My cousin has more records than anyone.
No tengo tanto dinero como ustedes. I don't have as much money as you.
To form comparatives, just add ms or menos before the adjective or adverb. To form the
superlative, place the definite article before the comparative. Note that de is used to express in
after a superlative.
ms alta taller
la ms alta the tallest
Rosa es la nia ms alta de la clase. Rosa is the tallest girl in the class.

51. Irregular Forms Some adjectives and adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative
forms. The most common are:
Adjective/Adverb
good
bueno
bad
malo
great
grande
small
pequeo
well
bien
badly
mal
much
mucho
little
poco

Comparative
better
mejor
worse
peor
greater
mayor
less
menor
better
mejor
worse
peor
more
ms
less
menos

Superlative
the best
the worst
the greatest
the least
best
worst
most
least

el mejor
el peor
el mayor
el menor
el mejor
el peor
el ms
el menos

Note that the bueno and malo change according to gender and number while grande and pequeo
change according to gender. The adverbs (the last four) do not agree with the noun.

52. Clothing
apron
barrette
bathrobe
belt
blouse
boot

el delantal
el pasador
la bata
el cinturn
la blusa
la bota

pants
pin
pocket
purse
raincoat
ring

los pantalones
el alfiler/prendedor
el bolsillo
el bolso
el impermeable
el anillo

bracelet
brush
buckle
button
cap
chain la cadena
clothes
coat
collar
comb
cotton
dress
earmuffs
earrings
fashion
glasses
glove
handbag
handkerchief
hat
jacket
jeans
mittens
necklace
nightgown
overcoat
pajamas

la pulsera
un cepillo del pelo
la hebilla
el botn
el gorro

sandals
scarf
shirt
shoe
shoelace

las sandalias
la bufanda
la camisa
el zapato
el cordn

la ropa

shorts

los pantalones cortos

el abrigo
el cuello
el peine
el algodn
el vestido
las orejaras
el arete
la moda
los lentes
el guante
el bolso
el pauelo
el sombrero
la chaqueta/cazadora
los vaqueros
los mitones
el collar
el camisn
el sobretodo
los pijamas

silk
skirt
sleeve
slippers
soap
sock
stocking
suit
sunglasses
suspenders
sweater
sweatsuit
swimsuit
tie
T-shirt/undershirt
umbrella
underwear
waistcoat
watch
wool

la seda
la falda
la manga
las pantuflas
el jabn
los calcetines
la media
el traje
las gafas de sol
los tirantes
el jersey
el chndal
el traje de bao
la corbata
la camiseta
el paraguas
la ropa interior
el chaleco
el reloj(de pulsera)
la lana

53. To Wear
llevar - to wear
llevo
llevamos
llevas
llevis
lleva
llevan

ponerse - to put on
me pongo
te pones
se pone

nos ponemos
os ponis
se ponen

You don't use possessive pronouns when referring to parts of the body or clothing, but you do
use the definite article.

54. Future Tense


The future of regular verbs is formed by adding the following endings to the infinitive:
-
-s
-

-emos
-is
-n

Many verbs use irregular stems in the future tense, but they still use the regular endings from
above:
caber (to fit)
decir (to say, tell)
haber (to have)
hacer (to do, make)
poder (to be able)
poner (to put, place)
querer (to want)
saber (to know)
salir (to leave, go out)
tener (to have, to own)
valer (to be worth)
venir (to come)

cabrdirhabrharpodrpondrquerrsabrsaldrtendrvaldrvendr-

cabr
dirs
habr
haremos
podris
pondrn
querr
sabrs
saldr
tendremos
valdris
vendrn

78. Conditional
The conditional expresses an idea dependent on a condition that is either expressed or
understood. It can also refer to the past when it expresses probability. It is usually translated by
would + infinitive in English.
To form the present conditional, add these endings to the infinitive for all three types of verbs.
Verbs that had irregular stems in the future tense also use that stem for the conditional tense. You
will notice that these endings are the same as for the imperfect. The difference is that the
conditional adds them to the infinitive, whereas the imperfect adds them to the stem.
-a
-as
-a

-amos
-ais
-an

Notice that for half of the conjugations, the -- is the only distinguishing sound between the
future and conditional. sabr = he will know vs. sabra = he would know

55. Adjectives
Adjectives must agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) with
the noun they describe, and they are placed after the noun.
In general, masculine adjectives end in -o and feminine adjectives end in -a: blanco and blanca
(white).
Adjectives that end in -n, -n, -n, -dor, -tor and -sor in the masculine will add an -a for the
feminine.
Adjectives that end in -ete for the masculine will end in -eta for the feminine.
Adjectives of nationality add -a to the masculine to form the feminine: francs - francesa
(French).Notice that when you add -a, the adjective is no longer written with an accent.
To form the plural of adjectives, follow the same rules for forming the plural of nouns.
Most adjectives follow the noun they describe, but the following adjectives drop the final -o if
placed before a masculine noun in the singular: bueno - good; malo - bad; alguno - some;
ninguno - no, any; uno - one; primero - first; tercero - third
When grande means great, it precedes the noun and drops the -de before a singular noun of
either gender. Santo (saint) drops the -to before all masculine nouns, except those beginning
with Do- or To-.

56. More Adjectives


large
small
long
short
good
bad
rich

grande
pequeo
largo
corto
bueno
malo
rico

high, tall
low, short
pretty
beautiful
ugly
wide
narrow

alto
bajo
lindo, bonito
hermoso
feo
ancho
estrecho

poor
strong
weak
easy
difficult
fat
thin

pobre
fuerte
dbil
fcil
difcil
gordo
delgado

heavy
light
hard
soft
sweet
sour
bitter

pesado
ligero
duro
blando
dulce
agrio
amargo

When any form of the definite article is placed before an adjective, then the adjective becomes a
noun.
pobre - poor; el pobre - the poor man
If the neuter article lo is placed before a singular masculine adjective, the latter becomes an
abstract noun.
bueno - good; lo bueno - the good (everything that is good)

57. Sports
ball

la pelota

pool

la piscina

game

el juego

basketball

el baloncesto

match

el partido

tennis

el tenis

team

el equipo

swimming

la natacin

player

el jugador

boxing

el boxeo

soccer

el ftbol

wrestling

la lucha

football

el ftbol americano

hockey

el hockey

baseball

el bisbol

volleyball

el vleibol

racket

una raqueta

net

una red

ball (small)

una pelota

cleats

unos zapatos de ftbol

bat

un bate

skis

unos esqus

glove

un guante

ski poles

unos bastones

ball

un baln

boots

unas botas

basketball hoop

una canasta

helmet

el casco

58. Nature
air
archipelago
bank
bay
barn
beach
branch
bridge
bud
bush
cape
cave
city
climate
cloud
coast
comet
constellation
country
country(side)
current
daffodil
daisy
darkness
desert
dew
dust
earth
east
farm
field
flower
foam
fog
foliage
forest

el aire
grass
la hierba
sea
el mar
el archipilago gulf
el golfo
shadow
la sombra
la orilla
hail
el granizo
sky
el cielo
la baha
hay
el heno
snow
la nieve
el granero
high tide
la marea alta
soil
el suelo
la playa
hill
la colina
south
el sur
la rama
ice
el hielo
spring (water) la fuente
el puente
island
la isla
star
la estrella
el capullo
isthmus
el istmo
stem
el tallo
el arbusto
jungle
la jungla
storm
la tormenta
el cabo
lake
el lago
strait
el aprieto
la cueva
leaf
la hoja
stream
el arroyo
la ciudad
light
la luz
street
la calle
el clima
lightning
el relmpago
sun
el sol
la nube
lily
la azucena
sunflower
el girasol
la costa
low tide
la marea baja
thaw
el deshielo
el cometa
meadow
el prado
thunder
el trueno
la constelacin moon
la luna
tornado
el tornado
el pas
mountain
la montaa
tree
el rbol
el campo
mountain range la sierra
trunk
el tronco
la corriente
mouth (river) la desembocadura tulip
el tulipn
el narciso
mud
el barro
valley
el valle
la margarita nature
la naturaleza
view
la vista
la obscuridad north
el norte
water
el agua (f)
el desierto
peninsula
la pennsula
fresh water el agua dulce
el roco
plain
el llano
salt water
el agua salada
el polvo
planet
el planeta
watering can la regadera
la tierra
plant
la planta
waterfall
la cascada
el este
pond
el estanque
wave
la ola
la granja
pot (for plants) la maceta
weather
el tiempo
el campo
rain
la lluvia
west
el oeste
la flor
rainbow
el arco iris
wind
el viento
la espuma
river
el ro
world
el mundo
le niebla
rock
la roca
el follaje
root
la raz
el bosque
rose
la rosa

frost

la helada

sand

la arena

59. To Say & to Go Out


present
digo
dices
dice
decimos
decs
dicen

present
salgo
sales
sale
salimos
sals
salen

decir - to say / tell


preterite
dije
dijiste
dijo
dijimos
dijisteis
dijeron
salir - to go out
preterite
sal
saliste
sali
salimos
salisteis
salieron

imperfect
deca
decas
deca
decamos
decais
decan

imperfect
sala
salas
sala
salamos
salais
salan

Decir also has irregular participles: dicho (said/told); dichiendo (saying/telling)

60. Para vs. Por & Pero vs. Sino


Para is used to express: use or destination (for), purpose (in order to); point of future time (for,
by) and to be about to (estar para + infinitive - though this is not used in all varieties of Spanish.)
La carta es para Concha. The letter is for Concha.
Estudia para aprender. He studies in order to learn.
Lo tendr para el martes. I will have it by Tuesday.
Juan est para salir. John is about to leave. (not used in all varieties of Spanish)
Por is used to express: a place through or along which; expressions of time (in, during, at);
exchange, price (for); unit of measure (by, per); way or means (by); because of, on account of,
for; to go for, to send for; on behalf of, for the sake of; motive, reason. It is also used after a
passive verb to indicate the agent (by) and estar por + infinitive indicates what remains to be
done or to be in favor of.

por el pueblo through the town


por la maana in the morning
Pag un peso por el libro. He paid a dollar for the book.
Se vende por libras. It's sold by the pound.
Voy por tren. I'm going by train.
Voy por Alicia. I'm going for Alice.
Vot por Juanita. I voted for Juanita.
Fue escrito por Cervantes. It was written by Cervantes.
La carta est por escribir. The letter is yet to be written.
Estoy por escribirla. I am in favor of writing it.
Pero (but) usually follows an affirmative expression, but may follow a negative statement if the
verb of the first clause is repeated, or if another verb follows.
Bebe leche pero no bebe caf. He drinks milk, but he does not drink coffee.
Sino (but) is only used in negative sentences of contrasting statements when the verb of the first
clause is understood but not repeated.
No bebe caf sino leche. He does not drink coffee, but milk.

A mi juicio...
A mi parecer/a mi modo de ver...
Segn...
Por otro lado...
De todos modos...
De todos maneras...
No obstante...
Sin embargo...
De hecho...
En realidad...
Es decir...
Por supuesto...

In my opinion...
The way I see it...
According to...
On the other hand...
Anyway/In any event...
Anyway/In any event...
However/Nevertheless...
However/Nevertheless...
As a matter of fact...
Actually...
That is (to say)...
Of course...

Es de suponer que...
A todas luces
Adems...
Adems de...
Lo que es ms...
Para colmo de males...
Por desgracia...
En pocas palabras...
En primer lugar...
Cmo se llama usted?
Buenos das!
Buenas tardes!
Buenas noches!
Hola! / Chao!
Adis.
Por favor
Hasta la vista
Hasta pronto
Hasta maana.
(Muchas) Gracias
De nada
Bienvenidos
Lo siento
Con permiso
Vamos!
Cmo est usted?
Cmo ests?
Qu tal?
Muy bien
Muy mal
S / No
Cmo se llama usted?
Cmo te llamas?
Me llamo...
Mucho gusto.
Igualmente.
Seor / Seora / Seorita
De dnde es usted?
De dnde eres?
Yo soy de...
Cuntos aos tiene usted?
Cuntos aos tienes?

I would imagine that...


Quite obviously/clearly/evidently
Moreover...
Besides...
What's more...
To make matters worse/To top it all off...
Unfortunately...
In short...
First of all...

Hello! / Good morning!


Good afternoon!
Good evening! / Good night!
Hi! / Bye!
Goodbye
Please
See you
See you soon
See you tomorrow
Thank you (very much)
You're welcome
Welcome
I'm sorry
Excuse me
Let's go!
How are you? (formal)
How are you? (informal)
How's it going?
Very good
Very bad
Yes / No
What is your name? (formal)
What is your name? (informal)
My name is...
Nice to meet you.
Same here. / Same to you.
Mister / Mrs. / Miss
Where are you from? (formal)
Where are you from? (informal)
I am from...
How old are you? (formal)
How old are you? (informal)

Yo tengo _____ aos.


Habla usted espaol?
Hablas ingls?
(No) Hablo...
Entiende usted? / Entiendes?
(No) Entiendo.
Yo se.
Puede ayudarme?
Claro que s
Cmo?
Dnde est / Dnde estn... ?
Aqu / Ah
Hay / Haba...
Cmo se dice ____ en espaol?
Qu es esto?
Qu te pasa?
No importa.
Qu pasa?
Sin novedad.
No tengo ninguna idea.
Buena idea!
Pase!
Estoy cansado.
Tengo hambre.
Tengo calor.
Estoy aburrido.
No me importa.
No se preocupe.
Est bien.
Me olvid.
Tengo que ir ahora.
Listo?
Quizs.
Todava no.
Qu chistoso!
Que le vaya bien!
Nos vemos!
Salud!
Felicitaciones!
Buena suerte!
Te toca a ti.
Callate!
Te amo.

I am ____ years old.


Do you speak Spanish? (formal)
Do you speak English? (informal)
I (don't) speak...
Do you understand? (formal / informal)
I (don't) understand.
I know.
Can you help me? (formal)
Of course
What? Pardon me?
Where is ... / Where are ... ?
Here / There
There is / are... / There was / were...
How do you say ____ in Spanish?
What is that?
What's the matter (with you)?
It doesn't matter.
What's happening?
Nothing much.
I have no idea
Good idea!
Go ahead!
I'm tired. (male)
I'm hungry.
I'm hot.
I'm bored. (male)
I don't care.
Don't worry
That's alright. / It's ok.
I forgot.
I must go now.
Ready?
Maybe.
Not yet
How funny!
Have a nice day!
We'll see you!
Bless you!
Congratulations!
Good luck!
It's your turn. (informal)
Shut up!
I love you. (informal)

Hasta luego
See you later
Perdn
Pardon me
Disculpe
Pardon me
Ms o menos
OK / So-so
Encantado.
Pleased to meet you. (male)
Yo no lo se.
I don't know.
Depende.
It depends.
Estoy enfermo.
I'm sick. (male)
Tengo sed.
I'm thirsty.
Tengo fro.
I'm cold.
la lavadora - washing machine
la secadora - dryer
el recogedor - dustpan
los trapos - rags
el gabinete - cabinet
la sartn - frying pan
la licuadora - blender
el ama de casa - housewife
la basura - garbage
el basurero - garbage can
limpiar - to clean
sacudir - to dust
el pao - dustcloth
barrer - to sweep
fregar - to scrub
arreglar - to straighten up
la empleada, la muchacha - maid
la suciedad - filth
la limpieza - cleanliness
el cubo - bucket
el fregasuelos/limpiadora - mop

el
el
la
la
el
el

botiqun - medicine cabinet


gorro de bao - shower cap
jabonera - soap dish
esponja - sponge
champ - shampoo
desage - drain

los zapatos - shoes


el overol, el peto - overalls
el calzoncillo - under shorts
la pajarita - bow tie

el lazo - string tie

los artculos de hogar - household goods


la mesita central - coffee table
el silln reclinable - recliner
la pintura - painting
el jarrn - vase
el edificio de oficinas - office building
el letrero - street sign
el semforo - traffic light
los apartamentos - apartment building
la va peatonal - crosswalk
el recibidor - lobby
la oficina de correos - post office
el polica de trnsito - traffic cop
el cruce - intersection
el paradero de autobuses - bus stop
el ascensor - elevator
la agencia de viajes - travel agency
la confitera - sweet shop
la floristera - flower shop
la tienda de fotografa - photo shop
la gasolinera - gas station
los grandes almacenes - department store
la papelera - stationers
la pastelera - cake shop
la peluquera - hairdressers
la pescadera - fish shop

los alimentos congelados - frozen foods


los productos lcteos - dairy products
el estante - rack
la escala - scale
la canasta de compras - shopping basket
el pasillo - aisle
los productos enlatados - canned goods
las bebidas - beverages

la gente - people
el anciano - old man
la anciana - old woman

alta presin sangunea - high blood pressure


dolor de cabeza - headache
dolor de estmago - stomach ache
dolor de garganta - sore throat
el dolor - ache
la cabeza - head
la pierna - leg
el brazo - arm
la mano - hand
el pie - foot
el abdomen - abdomen
la cara - face
el ojo - eye
la boca - mouth
el cuello - neck
el hombre - shoulder
la espalda - back
el pezn, la mamila - nipple
la cintura - waist
las nalgas - buttocks
la cadera - hip
el muslo - thigh
la rodilla - knee
el cerebro - brain
el corazn - heart
el estmago - stomach
la vena - vein
el pecho - chest
la espinilla - shin
el codo - elbow

el juez - judge
el jurado - jury
el testigo - witness
el acusador - prosecutor
el abogado - attorney/lawyer
el acusado - defendant
la crcel - jail
la sospecha - suspicion
las esposas - handcuffs
el polica - policeman
la polica - police force
la pistol - pistol

el ojo morado - black eye


la cortada - cut
el golpe - bruise
la quemadura - burn
feliz - happy
la alegra - joy
alegrarse - to be happy
content - contented
tranquilo - calm
el amor - love
el cario - affection
gustar - to like
tener ganas - to desire
la felicidad - happiness
bueno - good
simpatico - nice
amable - friendly
sensible - sensitive
carioso - loving
alegre - cheerful
listo - clever
tmido - shy
serio - serious
correcto - polite
punctual - punctual
active - active
gracioso - witty
malo - bad
tonto - stupid
furioso - furious
aburrido - boring
perezoso - lazy
bruto - crude
severo - strict
agresivo - hostile
cobarde - cowardly
arrogante - arrogant
insoportable - intolerable
avaro - greedy

el
la
el
el
el

equipaje - baggage
maleta - suitcase
boleto - ticket
guardia - security guard
detector de metals - metal detector

el bolso de mano - carry-on


el deportista - athlete (m)
la deportista - athlete (f)
el deporte - sport
el jugador - player (m)
la jugadora - player (f)
el equipo - team
el entrenamiento - training
el partido - game
la competicin - competition
el campeonato - championship
el campen - champion (m)
la campeona - champion (f)
el record - record
ganar - to win
perder - to lose

la
el
el
el
la
el
el
la
el
el
el
la
el
el

rata - rat
ratn - mouse
conejo - rabbit
vaso - glass
servilleta - napkin
cuchillo - knife
tenedor - fork
cuchara - spoon
plato - plate
aparador china cabinet
candil - chandelier
jarra - pitcher
pimentero - pepper shaker
salero - salt shaker

la cuna - crib
el carrito - stroller
la cuna mecedora - cradle
los bloques - blocks
el chupador, el chupete - pacifier
el oso de peluche - teddy bear
el mvil - mobile
el paal - diaper
el bibern - bottle
la tetilla - nipple

el babero - bib
el limn - lemon
las uvas - grapes
la pera - pear
la pia - pineapple
el coco - coconut
el mango - mango
la naranja - orange
el limn - lime
la fresa - strawberry
el tomate - tomato
la cereza - cherry
la lechuga - lettuce
el maz - corn
los frijoles, las alubias - beans
la zanahoria - carrot
la papa, la patata - potato
la cebolla - onion
el broccoli - broccoli
la col - cabbage
la manzana - apple
el pltano - banana
la espinaca - spinach
las hierbas - herbs
el tomate - tomato

la carne de res - beef


el cerdo - pork
el cordero - lamb
el pollo - chicken
el pescado - fish
los mariscos - shellfish
la carne molida - ground beef
asado - roasted
el bist - steak
el chorizo - sausage
las chuletas - chops
el tocino - bacon
el jamn - ham
el pavo - turkey
el pato - duck
la langosta - lobster
los camarones - shrimp
las almejas - clams
la cuenta check
el menu menu
Amarillo - yellow

Anaranjado - orange
Azul - blue
Blanco - white
Gris - gray
Marrn - brown
Morado - purple
Negro - black
el
la
la
el
la
la
el

arbusto - bush
enredadera - vine
hoja - leaf
tallo - stem
orqudea - orchid
rosa - rose
botn - bud

el
el
la
el
el
el

martillo - hammer
bomber - fireman
ambulancia - ambulance
paramdico - paramedic
carro de bomberos - fire truck
escape de incendio - fire escape

la capote - trunk
la rueda - wheel
el motor - engine
la banda - belt
el acumulador - battery
la caja - box
la botella - bottle
la bolsa - bag
el frasco - jar
la asoleadera - deck
la crema bronceadora - sun cream
la estrella - star
la mesera, la camarera - waitress
el cocinero - cook
los zapatos de tacn alto - high heels
la pantaleta - panties

Uno
Dos
Tres
cuatro
cinco
Seis
siete
ocho
nueve
Diez
once
doce
trece
catorce
quince
diez y seis
diez y siete
diez y ocho

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

primero
segundo
tercero
cuarto
quinto
sexto
sptimo
octavo
noveno
dcimo
undcimo
duodcimo
dcimo tercero
dcimo cuarto
dcimo quinto
vigsimo

1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
20th

a la derecha
a la izquierda

diez y nueve

19

todo derecho

veinte
veinte y uno
veinte y dos
treinta
cuarenta
cincuenta
sesenta
setenta
ochenta
noventa
Cien
Mil

20
21
22
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1,000

el
el
el
el
el
el
el
el

to the right
to the left
straight
ahead
north
south
east
west
northeast
northwest
southeast
southwest

norte
sur
este
oeste
noreste
noroeste
sureste
suroeste

lluvioso - rainy
nublado - cloudy
nevado - snowy
soleado - sunny
la temperature temperature
hace calor - it's hot
caluroso - warm
fresco - cool
hace fro - it's cold
helado - freezing
con neblina - foggy
con viento - windy
la primavera - spring
el verano - summer
el invierno - winter
el otoo - autumn

la familia
los padres
la mujer
el padre
la madre
el hijo
la hija
los hijos/ninos
el hermano
la hermana
el hijo nico
la hija nica
el muchacho
la muchacha
el medio
hermano

family
parents
wife /
woman
father
mother
son
daughter
children
brother
sister
only child
kid / boy
kid / girl
half-brother

la media
hermana
el suegro
la suegra
el cuado
la cuada
el yerno
la nuera
el abuelo

half-sister
father-inlaw
mother-inlaw
brother-inlaw
sister-in-law
son-in-law
daughter-inlaw

grandfather
grandmoth
la abuela
er
grandparen
los abuelos
ts
el nieto
grandson
granddaug
la nieta
hter
el to
uncle
la ta
aunt
el sobrino
nephew
la sobrina
niece
los parientes
relatives
el primo
cousin (m)
la prima
cousin (f)
el padastro
stepfather
la madrastra
stepmother
el hermanastro stepbrother
la hermanastra stepsister
el hijastro
stepson
stepdaught
la hijastra
er
el padrino
godfather
la madrina
godmother
el beb
baby
el adolescente teenager
el nio
boy
la nia
girl
el hombre
man
el adulto
adult
los gemelos / las
twins
gemelas

el esposo / el
marido
la esposa

husband
wife

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