Drug Study
GENERIC CLASSI MECHANISM INDICATION DOSAGE CONTRA SIDE NURSING
NAME FICATION OF ACTION INDICATION EFFECTS CONSIDERATIONS
(BRAND
NAME
Co- Broad- An antibiotic Known or 625 mg. per Penicillin Hepatitis. Assess bowel pattern before and
amoxiclav spectrum that combines suspected tab hypersensitiv during treatment as
(Natravox, penicillin. amoxicillin and amoxicillin- ity. - Cholestatic pseudomembranous colitis may
Augmentin, clavulanic acid. resistant jaundice. - occur. - Report haematuria or
Atadar) It destroys infections - History of Erythema oliguria as high doses can be
bacteria by including co- multiforme nephrotoxic. - Assess respiratory
disrupting their respiratory tract, amoxiclav- (including status. - Observe for anaphylaxis.
ability to form skin and soft associated or Stevens- - Ensure that the patient has
cell walls. - tissue, penicillin- Johnson adequate fluid intake during any
Clavulanic acid genitourinary, associated syndrome). - diarrhoea attack. Patient
blocks the and ear, nose and jaundice or Toxic epidermal teaching
chemical throat infections. hepatic necrolysis.- - If the patient develops a rash,
defence, known - Effective dysfunction. Exfoliative wheezing, itching, fever or
as beta- against strains of dermatitis. - swelling in the joints, this could
lactamase, that Escherichia coli, Vasculitis.- indicate an allergy and should be
some bacteria Proteus Dizziness. - reported. - Patients must ensure
have against mirabilis, Headache. - they take the full course of the
penicillins. Co- Haemophilus Convulsions medicine. - The medicine must be
amoxiclav is influenzae, (especially in taken in equal doses around the
active against Streptococcus high doses or in clock to maintain level in the
bacterial faecalis, renal blood. - If oral contraceptives are
infections that Streptococcus impairment). - used, use alternative
have become pneumoniae and Superficial teeth contraception. - Report diarrhoea,
resistant to some beta- staining when cramping and blood in stools as
amoxicillin. lactamase- using the pseudomembranous colitis may
producing suspension.- occur. Nurses should refer to
organism Phlebitis at manufacturer's summary of
injection site. product characteristics and to
appropriate local guidelines
DRUG STUDY
GENERIC CLASSI MECHANISM INDICATION DOSAGE CONTRA SIDE NURSING
NAME FICATION OF ACTION INDICATION EFFECTS CONSIDERATIONS
(BRAND
NAME)
CEFTRIA Third Inhibits cell Treatment of Adults: 1-2 g Contraindicated Blood: Ask patient if he’s had any
XONE generation wall synthesis, serious infections I.M or I.V in patients with eosinophilia; previous reaction to
(ROCEPH cephalospor promoting of the CNS once daily or hypersensitivity thrombocytosis, cephalosporin or penicillin
IN in antibiotic osmotic (meningitis), in equally to other leukopenia therapy before administering
instability. lower respiratory divided doses cephalosporins. CNS: headache, first dose.
Usually and urinary twice daily. History of dizziness Obtain specimen for culture and
bactericidal tracts, Total daily sensitivity to GI: sensitivity tests before first dose.
gynecological dose should penicillin. pseudomembranous Therapy may begin pending test
infevtions, not exceed enterocolitis, results.
bacteremia, 4g. nausea, A third generation cephalosporin
septicemia, vomiting,diarrhea, with the longest half-life of any
intraabdominal dysgeusia, availability cephalosporin.
infectons and abdominal cramps. Allows once-daily dose
skin infections GU: genital regimen.
and Lyme pruritus and Dosage adjustment generally not
disease. moniliasis] neede in patients with renal
Susceptible Hepatic: transient insufficiency
microorganisms elevation in liver Commonly used in home
are streptococci, enzymes. antibiotic programs for
including outpatient treatment of serious
streptococcus infections such as osteomyelitis
pneumoniae and With large doses or prolonged
pyogenes; therapy, monitor for
escherichia coli; superinfections, especially in
Klebsiella; high-risk patients.
hemophilus
influenzae;
neisseria
meningitidis;
enterobacter;
proteus;
peudomonas;
DRUG STUDY
GENERIC CLASSI MECHAN INDICATION DOSAGE CONTRA SIDE NURSING
NAME FICATION ISM OF INDICATION EFFECTS CONSIDERATIONS
(BRAND ACTION
NAME)
AZITHRO Macrolide Inhibits Treatment of Tablets— Contraindicated CNS: History: Hypersensitivity to
MYCIN antibiotic RNA- lower 250, with Dizziness, azithromycin, erythromycin, or any
(ZITHRO dependent respiratory 600 mg; hypersensitivity headache, macrolide antibiotic; gonorrhea or
MAX) protein tract infections: powder to vertigo, syphilis, pseudomembranous colitis,
synthesis acute bacterial for azithromycin, somnolence, hepatic or renal impairment, lactation
at the exacerbations injection erythromycin, fatigue Physical: Site of infection; skin color,
chain of COPD due —500 mg or any GI: Diarrhea, lesions; orientation, GI output, bowel
elongation to H. ; powder macrolide abdominal sounds, liver evaluation; culture and
step; binds influenzae, for oral antibiotic. pain, nausea, sensitivity tests of infection, urinalysis,
to the 50S Moraxella suspensio Use cautiously dyspepsia, liver and renal function tests
ribosomal catarrhalis, S. n—100 m with gonorrhea flatulence, Interventions
subunit pneumoniae; g/5 mL, or syphilis, vomiting, Culture site of infection before therapy.
resulting in community- 200 mg/5 pseudomembra melena, Administer on an empty stomach 1 hr
blockage acquired mL, 1 nous colitis, pseudomembra before or 2–3 hr after meals. Food
of pneumonia due g/packet hepatic or renal nous colitis affects the absorption of this drug.
transpeptid to S. impairment, Other: Counsel patients being treated for
ation pneumoniae, lactation. Superinfection STDs about appropriate precautions
H. influenzae s, angioedema, and additional therapy.
Treatment of rash, Teaching points
nongonococcal photosensitivit Take this drug on an empty stomach 1 hr
urethritis and y, vaginitis before or 2–3 hr after meals; it should
cervicitis due never be taken with food. Take the full
to C. course prescribed. Do not take with
trachomatis; antacids.
treatment of These side effects may occur: Stomach
PID cramping, discomfort, diarrhea; fatigue,
Treatment of headache (medication may help);
otitis media additional infections in the mouth or
caused by H. vagina (consult with health care
influenzae, M. provider for treatment).
catarrhalis,. Report severe or watery diarrhea, severe
nausea or vomiting, rash or itching, mouth
sores, vaginal sores.
GENERIC CLASSI MECHANI INDICATION DOS CONTRA SIDE NURSING
NAME FICATION SM OF AGE INDICATION EFFECTS CONSIDERATIONS
(BRAND ACTION
NAME)
METRO Beta1- Competitively Hypertension, Tablet Contraindicate CV: CHF, Assessment
POLOL selective blocks beta- alone or with s— d with sinus cardiac History: Sinus bradycardia (HR < 45
(NEOBLO adrenergic adrenergic other drugs, 50, bradycardia arrhythmias, beats/min), second- or third-degree heart block
C) blocker receptors in especially 100 m (HR < 45 GI: Gastric (PR interval > 0.24 sec), cardiogenic shock,
Antihyperte the heart and diuretics g; ER beats/min), pain, CHF, systolic BP < 100 mm Hg; diabetes or
nsive juxtaglomerula Immediate- tablet second- or flatulence, thyrotoxicosis; asthma or COPD; lactation
r apparatus, release tablets s— third-degree constipation, Physical: Weight, skin condition, neurologic
decreasing the and injection: 25, heart block diarrhea, status, P, BP, ECG, respiratory status, kidney
influence of Prevention of 50, (PR interval > nausea, and thyroid function, blood and urine glucose
the reinfarction in 100, 0.24 sec), vomiting, Interventions
sympathetic MI patients 200 m cardiogenic GU: Do not discontinue drug abruptly after long-term
nervous who are g; shock, CHF, Impotence, therapy (hypersensitivity to catecholamines may
system on hemodynamic injecti systolic BP < decreased have developed, causing exacerbation of angina,
these tissues ally stable or on—1 100 mm Hg; libido, MI, and ventricular arrhythmias). Taper drug
and the within 3–10 mg/m lactation. Musculoskel gradually over 2 wk with monitoring.
excitability of days of the L Use cautiously etal: Joint Ensure that patient swallows the ER tablets
the heart, acute MI with diabetes pain, whole; do not cut, crush, or chew them.
decreasing Treatment of or arthralgia, Consult physician about withdrawing drug if
cardiac output angina thyrotoxicosis; muscle patient is to undergo surgery (controversial).
and the release pectoris asthma or cramp Give oral drug with food to facilitate absorption.
of renin, and Toprol XL COPD; Respiratory: Provide continual cardiac monitoring for
lowering BP; only: pregnancy Bronchospas patients receiving IV metoprolol.
acts in the Treatment of m, dyspnea, Teaching points
CNS to reduce stable, bronchial Do not stop taking this drug unless instructed to
sympathetic symptomatic obstruction, do so by a health care provider.
outflow and CHF of nasal Swallow the ER tablets whole; do not cut, crush,
vasoconstricto ischemic, stuffiness, or chew them.
r tone. hypertensive, rhinitis, These side effects may occur: Dizziness,
or pharyngitis drowsiness, light-headedness, blurred vision
cardiomyopath (avoid driving or dangerous activities); nausea,
ic origin loss of appetite (eat frequent small meals);
nightmares, depression (discuss change of
medication); sexual impotence.
Report difficulty breathing, night cough,
swelling of extremities, slow pulse, confusion.
DRUG STUDY
GENERIC CLASSI MECHANI INDICATION DOSAGE CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
NAME FICATION SM OF CONSIDERATIONS
(BRAND ACTION
NAME)
BETAME Aminoglyco Bactericidal Infection topical Contraindicated with Local: Transient History: Allergy to any
THASON side : Inhibits prophylaxis in ointment— allergy to any irritation, aminoglycosides; renal or
E AND protein minor skin 0.1%; aminoglycosides. Use burning, stinging, hepatic disease; fungal
GENTAM synthesis in abrasions and topical cautiously with renal or itching, infections
YCIN susceptible treatment of cream— hepatic disease; angioneurotic
(DIPROG strains of superficial 0.1%; preexisting hearing loss; edema, urticaria, Cleanse area before applying
ENTA) gram- infections of ointment—1 active infection with vesicular and dermatologic preparations;
negative the skin due to mg; cream herpes, vaccinia, maculopapular area may be covered if
bacteria; susceptible —1 mg varicella, fungal dermatitis necessary.
appears to organisms infections, myobacterial may experience
disrupt amenable to infections (ophthalmic Topical photosensitization with
functional local treatment preparations); dermatologic dermatologic preparations
integrity of myasthenia gravis; preparations (wear sunscreen and protective
bacterial parkinsonism; infant clothing).
cell botulism; burn patients; Local: Report worsening of the
membrane, lactation; pregnancy. Photosensitization condition, rash, irritation
causing cell superinfections
death.
Drug Study
GENERIC CLASSI MECHANISM INDICATION DOSAGE CONTRAINDI SIDE NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
NAME FICATION OF ACTION CATION EFFECTS
(BRAND
NAME)
IRBESAR Angiotensin Selectively Treatment of Hyperten Contraindicated CNS: dizziness, Assessment
TAN II receptor blocks the hypertension sion: with syncope, History: Hypersensitivity to irbesartan,
(AVAPRO antagonist binding of as 150 mg hypersensitivity muscle pregnancy, lactation, hepatic or renal
(ARB) angiotensin II monotherapy PO daily to irbesartan, weakness, sleep dysfunction, hypovolemia
Antihyperte to specific or in as one pregnancy (use disturbance Physical: Skin lesions, turgor; T;
nsive tissue combination dose; during the CV: reflexes, affect; BP; R, respiratory
receptors with other adjust second or third Hypotension, auscultation; liver and kidney function
found in the antihypertensi slowly to trimester can orthostatic tests
vascular ves determine cause injury or hypotension, Interventions
smooth muscle Slowing of the effective even death to flushing Administer without regard to meals.
and adrenal progression of dose; the fetus). Dermatologic: Ensure that patient is not pregnant
gland; this kidney disease maximu Use cautiously Rash, before beginning therapy
action blocks in patients m daily with hepatic or inflammation, Find an alternative method of feeding
the with dose— renal urticaria, the baby if giving drug to a nursing
vasoconstrictio hypertension 300 mg. dysfunction, pruritus, mother. Depression of the renin-
n effect of the and type 2 hypovolemia, alopecia, dry angiotensin system in infants is
renin- (non–insulin- lactation, skin potentially very dangerous.
angiotensin dependent) pregnancy GI: Diarrhea, Alert surgeon and mark patient's chart
system as well diabetes abdominal with notice that irbesartan is being
as the release Unlabeled use: pain, nausea, taken. The blockage of the renin-
of aldosterone, CHF constipation, angiotensin system following surgery
leading to dry mouth, can produce problems. Hypotension
decreased Respiratory: may be reversed with volume
blood pressure. URI symptoms, expansion.
cough, sinus Monitor patient closely in any situation
disorders that may lead to a decrease in blood
Other: Cancer pressure secondary to reduction in fluid
in preclinical volume (excessive perspiration,
studies, back dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea);
pain, fever, excessive hypotension can occur.
gout, fatigue,
neutropeniaHea Teaching points
dache, Take this drug without regard to meals.
Do not stop taking this drug without
consulting your health care provider.
Use a barrier method of birth control
while on this drug; if you become
pregnant or desire to become pregnant,
consult with your physician.
These side effects may occur: Dizziness
(more likely to occur in any situation
where you may be fluid depleted
[extreme heat, exertion, etc.]; avoid
driving or performing hazardous tasks);
headache (medications may be
available to help); nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea (proper nutrition is important;
consult with your dietitian); symptoms
of upper respiratory tract infection,
cough (do not self-medicate; consult
with your nurse or physician if this
becomes uncomfortable).
Report fever, chills, dizziness,
pregnancy.
