22.1» A flat sheet of paper of area 0.250 m? is oriented so that the normal to the sheet isa an angle of 60 to a uniform electric field of magnitude 14 N/C. (a Find the magnitude of the electric flux through the sheet. (b) Does the answer to part (@) depend on the shape of the sheet? Why or why not? (c) For what angle & ‘between the normal to the sheet and the electric field is the mag- nitude of the flux through the sheet (i) largest and (ji) smallest? Explain your answers 22.2 © A flat shect is in the shape of a rectangle with sides of lengths 0.400 m and 0.600 m. The sheet is immersed in a uni- form clectre field of magnitude 90.0 N/C that is directed at 20° from the plane of the sheet (Fig. F22.2). Find the magnitude of the electric Flux through the sheet. Figure £22.2 SC $0.60 m >} 22.3 + You measure an electric field of 1.25 < 10°N/C at adis- tance of 0.150 m from a point charge. There is no other source of clectric field in the region other than this point charge. (a) What is the electric flux through the surface of a sphere that has this charge at its center and that has radius 0.150 m? (b) What is the ‘magnitude of this charge? 224 + It was shown in Example 21.10 (Section 21.5) that the electric field due to an infinite line of charge is perpendicular to the line and has magnitude £ — A/2rreqr. Consider an imaginary cylinder with radius r ~ 0.250 m and length { = 0.400 m that has an infinite line of positive charge running along its axis. The charge per unit length on the line is A = 3.00 C/m. (a) What is the cleciric flux through the cylinder due to this infinite line of charge? (b) What is the flux through the cylinder if its radi 500m? (©) What is the flux through the eylin- sreased to 1 = 0.800 m? 22.5 * A hemispherical surface with radius rin a region of uni- form electric field F has its axis aligned parallel to the direction of the field. Caleutate the flux through the surface 22.6 * The cube in Pig. 22.6 has sides of length L ~ 10.0em ‘The clectric field is uniform, has magnitude ~ 4.00 10° N/C. and is parallel to the xy-plane at an angle of $3.1” measured from the “x-axis toward the +y-axis. (@ What is the electric flux through cach of the six eube faces S}. S2, 83,5s. Ss, and Se? (b) What is the total electric flux through all faces of the cube? Figure £22.6 j Suttons 5 ibe Lg Se bck) os 55h 1 suo 7 ‘Ss (bottom)22.16 + Some planetary scientists have suggested that the planet ‘Mars has an clectric field somewhat similar to that of the carth, producing a net electric flux of —363 x 10!N-m2/C at the planet's surface. Calculate: (a) the total electric charge on the pplanct: (b) the clectric field at the planet's surface (refer to the astronomical data inside the back cover}; (©) the charge density ‘on Mars, assuming all the charge is uniformly distributed over the planet's surface. 22.17 » A very long uniform line of charge has charge per unit length 4.80 j1C/m and lies along the x-axis. second long uniform Tine of charge has charge per unit length ~2.40 C/im and is par- allel to the x-axis at y= 0.400 m, What is the net electri field ‘magnitude and direction) at the following points on the y-axis {@) y = 0.200 m and (b) y = 0.600 m? 22.18 ~ The electric field 0.400 m from a very Tong uniform line of charge is 840 N/C. How much charge is contained in a 2.00-cm section ofthe line? 22.19 ~ A hollow, conducting sphere with an outer radius of 0.250 m and an inner radius of 0.200 m has a uniform surface charge density of +637 10°* C/m?. A charge of ~0:500 uC is now introduced at the center of the cavity inside the sphere. ‘@) What isthe new charge density on the outside of the sphere? (b) Calculate the strength of the clectric field just outside the sphere. (¢) What is the electric flux through a spherical surface _just inside the inner surface of the sphere? 22.20 + (a) At a distance of 200 em from the center of ‘charged conducting sphere with radius 0,100 em, the electric field is 480 N/C. What is the electric field 0.600 em from the center ‘of the sphere? (b) At a distance of 0.200 em from the axis of a very long charged conducting eylinder with radius 0.100 em, the clectric field is 480 N/C. What is the electric field 0.600 em from the axis of the cylinder? (c) Ata distance of 0.200 em from a large uniform sheet of charge, the electric field is 480 N/C. What isthe electric field 1.20 em from the sheet? 22.21 The clectrc field ata distance of 0.145 m from the sur face of a solid insulating sphere with radius 0.355 m is 1750 N/C. (@) Assuming the spheres charge is uniformly distributed, wha is the charge density inside it? (b) Calculate the electric field inside the sphere at distance of 0.200 m from the center. 22.22 ~ A point charge of ~100 nC is located in the center of spherical eavity of radius 6,50 cm tha, in turn is atthe center of an inslating charged solid sphere. The charge density inthe solid 7135. 104C/m’. Calculate the electric field inside the solid a a distance of 9.50 em from the center of the eavty 22.23 CP An clectron is released from rest at a distance of (0.300 m from a large insulating sheet of charge that has uniform surface charge density +2.00 © 10"? C/m?. (a) How much work is done om the electron by the electric field of the sheet as the clecizon moves from its initial position to a point 0.050 m from the sheet? (b) What isthe speed of the electron when its 0.080 m from the sheet? 22.24 - Charge Q is distributed uniformly throughout the vel- ‘ume of an insulating sphere of radius R ~ 4.00 cm. Ata distance ‘of r= 800m from the center of the sphere, the electric field duc to the charge distribution has magnitude & = 940 N/C. What are @) the volume charge density forthe sphere and (b) the clectrie fold ata distance of 2.00 em from the sphers's center? 22.25 «A conductor with an inner cavity, Tike that shown in Fig. 22.23c, carries a total charge of +5.00 nC. The charge within the cavity, insulated from the conductor is ~6.00 nC. How much, charge ison (@) the inner surface of the conductor and (b) the outer surface ofthe conductor?22.7 + B10 As discussed in Section 22.5, human nerve cells Ihave a net negative charge and the material in the interior of the ‘all is a good conduetor. IF a cell has a net chaege of ~8,65 pC, ‘what are the magnitude and direction (inward or outward) of the ‘et flux through the eal boundary? 22.8 » The three small spheres. shown in Fig, F228 cary charges 4) = 4.00nC, gy = ~7800C, and gs ~ 24000. Find the net electric flux through cach ofthe following closed surfaces ‘shown in erass section in the figure: a) Sy: (b) So (©) Sy: @) Sy: (©) Ss. (0) Do your answers to parts (@)-(e) depend on how the charge is distributed over each small sphere? Why or why not? egectzan st Ws G) oe — on 22.9% A charged paint is spread in a very thin wniform layer ‘over the surface ofa plastic sphere of diameter 12.0 em, giving ita charge of ~49.0 4C. Find the electric field (a just inside the ‘paint Layer: (b) just outside the paint layer: (€) 500 em outside the surface of the paint layer. 22.10 ~ A point charge qj ~ 4.00 nC is located on the axis at {x = 2.00'm, and a second point charge q> = ~6.00 nC is on the yyaxis at y ~ 1.00 m. What is the total electric flux due to these ‘0 point charges through aspherical surface centered atthe origin and with radius) 0-500 m,(b) 150 me) 2.50? 22.11 * A620nC point charge i at the center of cube with Sides of length 0.500 rm. () What is the electric flux through one ‘of the six faces of the cube? (b) How would your answer to part) ‘change ifthe sides were 0.250 m long? Explain. 22.12 « Eletric Fieldsinan Atom. The nuce of large atoms, ‘such as uranium, with 92 protons, can be modeled as spherically symmetric spheres of charge. The radius of the uranium mucleus is approximately 7.4 % 10-'S m, (a) What isthe electric fel this nucleus produces just outside its surface? (b) What magnitude of electric field does it produce athe distance ofthe electtons, whieh is about 1.0 10" m? (@) The electrons can be modcled as {Forming a uniform shell of negative charge. What net elect field do they prodice atthe location ofthe micleus? Section 22.4 Applications of Gauss's Law and Section 22.5 Charges on Conductors 22.13 * Two very long uniform Hines of charge are parallel and ‘re separated by 0.308 m. Each line of charge has charge per unit length +5.20 C/m. What magnitude of force does one line of charge exert on a 0.05000-m section ofthe other line of charge? 22.14 - A solid metal sphere with radius 0.450 m caries not ‘charge of 0.250 nC. Find the magnitude ofthe electric fel a) ata point 0.100 m outside the surface of the sphere and (b) ata point inside the sphere, 0.100 m below the surface. 22.15 » How many excess electrons must be added to an iso- lated spherial conductor 260 em in diameter to produce an elee= ‘tic field of magnitude 1150 N/C just ouside the surface? 22.26 + A very large, horizontal, nonconducting sheet of charge has uniform charge per unit area r= 5.00 % 10° Cf. (@) A small sphere of mass m = 8.00 > 10-kg and charge q is placed 3.00 em above the sheet of chagge and then released from rest. (@ If the sphere isto remain motionless when itis released, ‘what must be the value of g? (b) What is qi the sphere is released 1.50 cm above the sheet? 22.27 * Apply Gauss law to the Gaussian surfaces 53, 5, and Sy in Fig. 22.21b to calculate the clectre field between and outside the plates. 22.28 + A square insulating shect 80.0 em on a side is held hori- zontally. The shoot has 4.50 aC of charge spread uniformly over its area. (a) Calculate the electri field ata point 0.100 mm above the center of the sheet. (b) Estimate the electri field at a point 100 mabove the center of the sheet. (e) Would the answers to parts (@) and (b) be different if the sheet were made of a conducting material? Why of why not? 22.29 - An infinitely long cylindrical conductor has radius & and uniform surface charge density .(@) In terms of « and Ry ‘what isthe charge per unit length A forthe eylinder? (b) In terms of @, what is the magnitude of the electric field produced by the charged cylinder at a distance r > X from its axis? (e) Express the result of part (b) in terms of A and show that the clectric field outside the cylinder is the same as if all the charge were on the axis. Compare your result to the result fora line of charge in Example 22.6 (Section 22.4). 22.30 + Two very large, nonconducting plastic sheets, cach 10.0 cm thick, carry uniform charge densities 0}, 02, 03. and . on their surfaces (Fig. £22.30), These surface charge den tics have the values o; ~ 6.00 pC/m*, a2 ~ +500 wC/m?, = $2.00 pC/m?, and ex ~ 44.00 Cf, Use Gauss’ law 00 find the magnitude and ditection of the electric field at the follow- ing points, far from the edges ofthese sheets: (a) point A, 5.00 em from the left face ofthe left-hand sheet; (b) point B, 1.25 em from the inner surface ofthe right-hand sheet; () point C, in the mile of the right-hand sheet. Figure £22.30 PROBLEMS 22.31 © CP Attime 1= 0 a proton is a distance of 0.360 m from a very large insulating shet of charge and is moving pall to the shoct with speed 9.70 % 102 m/s. The shect has uniform surface charge density 234 * 10° C/m?, What is the speed of the proton at t = 5.00 * 10°83? 22.32 = CP A very small object with mass 8.20 x 10° kg and positive charge 6.50 % 10°C i projected directly toward a very Tange insulating sheet of postive charge that has uniform surface charge density 590 > 10-* C/m?. The object is inially 0400 m from the sheet. What initial speed must the object have in order for its closest distance of approach tothe sheet to be 0.100 mi?P5.1. The flux of the electric field strength vector through a closed surface is 100 V - m. How large is the charge inside the surface? P5.2. A point charge Q = 2. 10-""C is located at the center of a cube. Determine the flux of vector E through one side of the cube using Gauss’ law. P5.3. A point charge Q = —3- 10"? C is d = 5cm away from a circular surface $ of radius 4 = 3cmas shown in Fig. P5.3. Determine the flux of vector E through S.P54, pss. vob. P57. P58. PEO. PS.10. rsa P5.12, No Figure PS.4 A circular surface near a point charge Determine the flux of vector E through a hemispherical surface of radius a = 5cm, if the field is uniform, with EF — 13 mV/m, and if vector F makes an angle a = 30° with the hemisphere axis. Use Gauss’ law. Three parallel thin large charged plates have surface charge densities —o, 20, and —c. Find the electric field everywhere for all combinations of the relative sheet positions and o = 10 §C/m*, Do the results depend on the distances between the plates? Deter mine the equipotential surfaces in all cases, and the potential dificrence between pairs of plates, if the distance between them is 2cm. A very large flat plate of thickness ¢ 1s untformly charged with volume uae density p. Find the electric field strength at all points, Determine the potential difference be- tween the two boundary planes, and between the plane of symmetry of the plate and a boundary plane. The volume charge density of a thick, very large plate varies as. p = psx/d through the plate, where v is the distance from one if its boundary planes. Find the electric field strength vector everywhere, Plot your result. How large is the potential difference between the two boundary surfaces of the plate? 1s THE THickwesS of THE PLATE Two concentric spherical surfaces, of radii « and b > a, are uniformly charged with the same amounts of charge Q, but of opposite signs, Find the clectric field strength at all points and present your expressions graphically. The epherical surfaces from the pravious problem do not have the same charge, but are: charged with Qinnor = 10" C and Quer = —5 + 10-"' C. The radii of the spheres are @ = 3cmand b = Scm. Find the electric field strength and potential at all points and present your expressions graphically A spherical cloud of radius. has a uniform volume charge of density 0 = ~10~9 C/m’. Find the electric field strength and potential at all points and present your expressions. graphically. A spherical cloud shell has a uniform volume charge of density 9 = 10-°C/m’, an inner radius a = 2em, and an outer radius b = 4m. Find the electric field strength and potential at all points and present your expressions graphically. ‘The volume charge density of a spherical charged cloud is not constant, but varies with the distance from the cloud center as p(r) = pjr/a. Determine the electric field strength and potential at all points. Present your results graphically.2233 CPA small Sphere with wma 400% 10g ant charge S08 «WMC tangs" smn ahead ee ey a ee j ‘Mece (Fig, 22.38, The cage doczity A on a fare of te ahecd elt | ted unto = 2:90 10 Char Pid the gle of ie theca 2234 ~ pccupe nas siass of length = 0.200. One comes ts a the selyin (Fig. E224), The somakioem electri: eld x given ny £= (S00 N/C-mpr + (300NA- moe Ga) Mind the ssiccitic Max throagh each of Ue six cube Mace: 5,5... 34, Ss $2 5-0 Ving te a sarc carpe ime ne ue. W235. Te eleciric feat Roe Fig. F22.38 tseveryatene parallel wp "OS F22-35 Ime S-anis, 50 the Compooests Fy an 7 ; wee aero, The zeampanent of the eld depends on x Ful not ony fo 5 Al podns ka the plane tts £2 0,8: = 155 op Whol & r the sfociric Max through surface 1 ia Fig. P2238? ( Wha fs the electste Mux thewuph surface HT? ic} The wel ume sown iz x smal ction of 3 rary lage insula stat 1.0m ick. there is tofal charge of ~24.0)at” ‘chin ibe vomame shown. Whal AE Ie magmitude and disectioe ce Bat the Mace opponlie surface [7 ff) ts the eteciric Mek produced by charges enly witha the stab, ot the fied also due ts charges msde the mb? How can you tet WB3G ~ CALC In. a eeploe of space there is mm electric Hata 2 nat ia ihe z-direction ant tht be mapniuce (Sst N/(CC-m)]}e Flac the Mae for this Hdd Ueouph a sg inthe zy-pione tz = and with mde pth 0.350 m. Ome ae ce ihe sqpare fs along Whe +3-ank and another side tc along the sya é TA3T The cecisic Held E, ot puro P22 57 “oe fa0e OF paruetapapet waar mer the entice fare and fired uo me Mace. AL Ne oppo ee, the electric fad £, 1s also mnitarm ‘over the entire face ume As directed ilo imat tace (Pig. P2E37} The ‘two faces im question age Aneilned ot 30.0" from the hor tznecal. wile bon ‘Bj and ig are bortroneal Ky has a magniinde of 730 > 108 By, ad ia has 8 magoilad ot 7.00 oF AC.) Assuming ak BO ‘other elociric eld tines cromx the marfacex of tie parallstectpesd, iiemormine the net cheep? conmained WHERIN. (Dy Is the eleeEric eld produced by the charyes only within the paralislepiped, a Is ihe field also dae to chacyes outside the paralcleplped? How cam vs F238 «A tong Une carrying 2 unite Hiner charge density +500 oC fm cuns paratlel bo ont 1OLD com trom the surface of lange, Fal plane shee! Weal Ros 2 uniform sure charge den sily of —100 p/m? on one side. Find the Jocalioa of all potas whore as oe particle would feel no foece due to this arrungementcl shamped objects. and tom = 22.39 » The Coaxial Cable. A Jong coaxial cable consis of fan inner cylindrical conductor with rads and an oat coaxial ‘onde with ner radius b and outer ods c. The outer esin- ‘deri mounted oa insalating supports and has no net charg. The inner eylindor has a uniform postive charge per nit length A. ‘Calculate the electric fd) tan point Between he cyiners a distance from the axis and (bs any pont ouside the over ‘inde. (© Graph the magnitude ofthe electric fied sa funeton ofthe distance r from the axis ofthe cable, fom = Oto = 2c. (@) Find the charg per unit ength on te nner surface and on he cuter surface ofthe outer cylinder. 22.40 » Avery lng conducting tube cholhw cylinder has inner radius a and outer radi b caries charg per uit length +2, where aia positive constant with units of Cm. A line of chase lies along te ais of the tube. The line of charge has charge per unitlength +) Caeulat the clctic eld interms fe and the sistance from the axis of the tbe for) r< a: Ga <1-< Gi) r> b. Show you sls ina graph of Eas function ofr. (ty What ste charge per unit ent on) the inner sure oF the tube and ithe outer surface ofthe tube? 22A1 » A very long, soli eplindr with ratius R has positive ‘charge uniformly distributed thoughout i with charge per uit ‘lume p. (a) Derive the expression forthe electric fed inside the volume ata distance r from the aus ofthe cylinder in terms ofthe charg density p. (6) What isthe cleric field a a point cide the volume in tems of the charge pe unit length in the ‘ylinder? (@) Compare the answers o parts (@) and (b) for ~ R. (@) Graph the elecrc-feld magnitude as a function of from r= 0tor= 3k. 2242 + A Sphere in a Sphere. A solid conducting sphere ‘carrying charge q has rads a. tis inside a concentric hollow con- ‘ducting sphere with inne ais and cur ras c. The bollow sphere has none charge (a) Derive expressions forthe elecric- field magnitude in terms of the distance r fom the cen for the regions 1 < 6,8 < F< Bb c.(b) Graph the magitue of the etre Field as function of rfrom r ~ Oto 1= Ie (@) What is the charg onthe iner surface of he hollow sphere? (d) On the outer surface?) Represent the chars of the sal phere by our lus ins. Sketch the ed lines ofthe sytem Within aspherical volume of radius 2. 2243 © A solid conducting sphere with ratius that caries positive charge @ is concentric witha very thin insulting shell, of rays 2 that also carries charge Q. The charge Qisdistib- ‘uted uniformly ove the insulating Shall) Find the elec feld (inagitwde and irection) in each of the regions 0 28 (b) Graph he eecirieseké magnitude asa function of . 22.44 + A conducting spherical shell with FgueP22.44 iner radius «and ote ais b has a positive point charge Q located at its center. The total > ‘charge on the shell is 30, and itis insula Som its surounings (Fl, P2244) 3) Deve 0 ‘expressions forthe ecrc-feld magnitude in terms ofthe distance from the centr forthe regions r < a, b, Whats te surface charge density (6) on the inner surface of the conducting shell) onthe outer surface of the conducting shell? (d) Sketch the electric i ines and the location of al chars. (© Graph Es function of 2245 + Concentric Spherical Shell A small conducting spherical sell with inner radius «and outer ras b is concen tre with a Larger conducting spherical shel with inner ratios and outer radius d (Fig. P22.4}. Tho inner ball has toa charge