NAME- PRIYA NARWAL

COURSE- MBA (INDUSTRY

INTIGRATED)

ROLL NO.- 09010534

COLLEGE – ACADEMY OF
TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
AFFILIATED TO GAUHATI
UNIVERSITY

COMPUTER
PRACTICAL FILE
 MICROSOFT WORD

INTRODUCTION

Microsoft Word is a software package created by Microsoft

Corporation, U.S.A. It is a word processor. It is very powerful tool
which is used for various jobs like creating, editing, formatting
documents. It is basically a Windows based package i.e. it runs in
windows environment. The success of the current Word Processing
product depends upon the useful features such that ease with which
it can be learned and used.

Microsoft Word is a Word Processing program that can be used to

create various types of documents from letters and memos to
calendars and lists. Documents can be created, saved, and edited at
the desire of the creator from a blank document or via one of the
many Wizards included with Word.

Microsoft Word is Microsoft's flagship Word processing software. It

was first released in 1983 under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix
systems. Versions were later written for several other platforms
including IBM PCs running DOS (1983), the Apple Macintosh (1984),
SCO UNIX, OS/2 and Microsoft Windows (1989). Beginning with the
2003 version, the branding was revised to emphasize Word's
identity as a component within the Office suite: Microsoft began
calling it Microsoft Office Word instead of merely Microsoft
Word.
Microsoft Word Window
FEATURES:

• Entering text
This feature allows us to enter the text using computers
keyboard. Every character typed on keyboard is displayed
immediately on computers screen. Word wrap is the feature
which determines us when current lie is full.

• Editing text
This feature allows us to make changes in already entered
document.

• Searching and replacing text string

This feature enables to quickly search for all occurrences of
a specific word, phrase, or group of characters in a
document.
In addition to this simple search capability, word processing
packages also support search and replace facility.
• Importing text graphics and images
This feature allow us to import text, graphics , and images
from some other document into a document that you are
working on currently.
It helps us in saving time and effort because a user needs
not to spend time in creating a piece of text, diagram,
graph, or image that can be easily obtained from
somewhere else.

• Checking grammar and style

Similar to spell checker, some advanced word processing
packages come with a grammar checker that enables you to
create grammatical mistakes and use of improper writing
styles in our document.

• Checking spelling
Most modern sword processing packages come with an
electric dictionary and a spell checker to allow you to ensure
that your document does not contain any misspelled word. It
compares every word in your document with pre stored
words in its electronic dictionary, and alerts you if no match
is found.
• Printing documents
This feature allows us to print a document on a printer.
Some printing facilities supported commonly in almost all
modern word processing packages and printers like
a) Selective printing of single page, specific page, range of
pages, or entire document.
b) Preview of document before printing it.
c) Portrait or landscape modes of printing.

• Saving , Retrieving and deleting documents

This feature allows us to save a document on a secondary
storage and retrieve it later for use.
We may remove the document permanently from secondary
storage by deleting it when it is no more useful.

• Formatting a text
This feature allows us to format the portions of text in a
document to improve its general appearance and readability.
a) Selection of an appropriate Font.
b) Selection of an appropriate Font Size.
c) Selecting an appropriate Font Style.
d) Creating numbered bullet list of items.

• Headers and Footers

 Header is special text that is inserted on the top of each
page or first page of the document. Generally, header is
used as the title of the document on the first page but this
could be used in subsequent pages as well in multi-page
document. Usually, text is used as header, but in place of
text, graphics can also be used. Footer is also specific text
inserted in each page of the document. Footer area of the
document can be used to show page number or some
comments regarding the document.

• Mail Merge

It is the most important feature of Word used for describing

the process of merging some form of addresses data base
with a form of letter to create a group of individual letters. It
can also be used to merge any kind of data with any kind of
document to individualize the document. Merging the data
consists of some common steps regardless of what type of
data source we are using. At the end of the process there is
a single document containing the entire personalized
document and can print all the documents in a single print
operation.
 MICROSOFT POWERPOINT

INTRODUCTION

PowerPoint is presentation tool/software which helps the user to

create eye-catching an effective ‘slide based’ presentations in a
matter of minutes. Each slide may contain text and graphic.

PowerPoint is a presentation program developed by Microsoft.

The software allows users to create anything from basic slide
shows to complex presentations.

PowerPoint is often used to create business presentations, but

can also be used for educational or informal purposes. The
presentations are comprised of slides, which may contain text,
images, and other media, such as audio clips and movies. Sound
effects and animated transitions can also be included to add extra
appeal to the presentation.

Microsoft Office PowerPoint runs on Microsoft Windows and the

Mac OS computer operating systems, although it originally ran
under Xenix systems. It is widely used by business people,
educators, student, and trainers and is among the most prevalent
forms of persuasion technology.
Microsoft PowerPoint Window

Blank slide
• To make it more presentable we can use images and make
our presentations more powerful and impressive.
 MICROSOFT EXCEL

INTRODUCTION

Microsoft Excel (full name Microsoft Office Excel) is a

spreadsheet application written and distributed by Microsoft for
Microsoft Windows and Mac OS. Spreadsheet program refers to
an application commonly used for budgets, forecasting and other
finance related tasks that organizes data values using cells where
relationships between cells are defined by formulas. A change to
one cell results changes to related cells. It also provides graphing
capabilities for output and various formatting options for text,
numeric values and graph feature. It features calculation and
graphing tools which, along with aggressive marketing, have
made Excel one of the most popular microcomputer applications
 to date. It is overwhelmingly the dominant spreadsheet
application available for these platforms and has been so since
version 5 in 1993 and its bundling as part of Microsoft Office.

Microsoft Excel Window

 DISK OPERATING SYSTEM

Disk Operating System pronounced “dahss”. An earlier single-

user operating system from Microsoft for the PC. It was the first
operating system for IBM and IBM-compatible PCs and remained
the underlying control program for Windows 3.1, 95, 98 and ME.
In order to support DOS applications, Windows NT, 2000, XP and
Vista include their own version of DOS, called “DOS emulation”.
Originally MS-DOS was designed to be an operating system that
could run on any 8086-family computer. Each computer would
have its own distinct hardware and its own version of MS-DOS,
similar to the situation that existed for CP/M, and with MS-DOS
emulating the same solution as CP/M to adapt for different
hardware platforms. So there were many different versions of
"MS-DOS" for different hardware. But the greater speed
attainable by direct control of hardware was of particular
importance, especially when running computer games. So very
soon an IBM-compatible architecture became the goal, and before
long all 8086-family computers closely emulated IBM's hardware,
and a only single version of MS-DOS for a fixed hardware
platform was all that was needed for the market.

There are two types of DOS commands:

1. Internal Commands

2. External Commands

Internal Commands
These commands are automatically loaded into the computer’s
memory during the booting process. They are actually included in
the Command. Com file, so they will be able to execute
immediately when we want.
Internet commands were built in DOS shell commands and do not
need any external file. Here are some internal commands.

Some commonly used dos commands are:

INTERNAL COMMANDS

CLS DIR DATE TIME

VOL RD MD CD

COPY CON TYPE PROMPT PATH

DEL REN COPY VER
 1. CD – This command is called CHDIR (change current
directory). It displays the current working directory
when used without path.
Syntax:
C:\> CD\PARENT DIRECTORY
C:\>CD SUBDIRECTORY
C:\>CD..
It will move one level back to the parent directory.
 2. CLS – Clears the display screen and redisplay the DOS
prompt at the upper left corner of the screen.
Syntax:
X:\> CLS
Where X is any drive

3. COPY CON – the purpose of this command is to create a

file. The file created by this command cannot be
modified. If the user will try to modify the contents of
the file using copy con, it will display the message “file
already exists. Overwrite it(Y/N)?”
Save the contents of the file either by pressing function key
F6 or Ctrl +Z key combination at the last line of the file.
Filename cannot be greater than 11 characters.
Syntax:
C:\>COPY CON filename.extension

4. DEL – this command is called erase.

Syntax:
C:\>del filename.extension
Example:
C:\>DEL RAJ
The above command will delete a file name RAJ.
 5. DIR – list the contents of a directory. The dir command
typed by itself, displays the disk’s volume label and
serial number ;one directory or filename per line,
including the filename extension, file size in bytes, and
the date and time the file was last modified, and the
total number of files listed, their cumulative size, and
the free space(in bytes) remaining on the disk. The
command is one of the few commands that exist from
the first versions of DOS.
Syntax:
C:\>dir[drive][filename][parameters]
 6. MD – This command also known as mkdir(makes a new
directory). The parent of the directory specified will be
create if does not already exist.
Syntax:
C:\>MD directory

7. RD – This command is also known as rmdir(remove

directory) which by default must be empty of files for the
command to succeed (/s falg removes this restriction).
Syntax:
C:\>rd directory
Example :
C:\>SARITA\SAVI>DEL**
C:\>SARITA\SAVI>CD..
C:\>SARITA>RD SAVI

8. REN – Renames a file. Unlike the move command, this

command cannot be used to rename subdirectories, or
rename files across drives.
Syntax:
C:\> Ren filename newname
 9. TIME and DATE –Display and set the time and date.
Syntax:
C:\>time
It will display system current time.

C:\>date
It will display system current date
 10. TYPE – display a file i.e. the contents of a file.
Syntax:
C:\> Type filename
Example:
C:\> TYPE RAJ
I am a good boy.
C:\>
11. VER – shows the version of MS-DOS we are using.
Syntax:
C:\> VER

External commands:

EDIT MODE ATTRIB MOVE

CHDSK PRINT DELTREE SCNDISK

FC SORT FORMAT SYS

FDISK TREE FIND UNDELETE

LABEL XCOPY MORE EXE2BIN

1. ATTRIB - Change or view the attributes of one or more
files. It defaults to displaying the attributes of all files in the
current directory.

Syntax: [drive:][path][filename]
Specifies a file or files for attrib to process.
/D- Process folders as well.
/S- Process matching files in the current folder and all
subfolders.
For example: suppose if the user has created a file named
RAJ and he wants to hide and make it read only. Then the
procedure is as follows:
c:\>ATTRIB RAJ +H+R

2. CHKDSK- Verifies a hard disk or floppy disk for file

system integrity.
Syntax: drive chkdsk [[path]filename][/F]
[/V]
For example: C:\>CHKDSK C:
This command gives the information about the status of
the disk in drive i.e. drive assigned as C:
3. DELTREE- Deletes a directory along with all of the files
and subdirectories that it contains. Normally, it will ask for
confirmation of such a drastic action.

Syntax: deltree [/y] directory

The /y parameter, if present, tells the deltree command
to carry out without first prompting for confirmation.
The deltree command is not included in recent Microsoft
windows operating system. Deleting a non empty directory
in those versions of windows where the command as is not
included, can be achieved by using the rmdir command as in
the following.

Example:
Rmdir /s [/q] directory
For example: if one wants to delete a directory on c drive
named as Wordstar. One can directly use deltree command
without checking this directory is empty or full.
C:\>DELTREE C:\WORDSTAR //it will delete
With confirmation
C:\>DELTREE C:\WORDSTAR //it will delete
Without confirmation

4. EXE2BIN- Converts an executable (.exe) file into a

binary file with the extension .com, which is a memory
image of the program.
The size of the resident code and data sections combined in
the input .exe file must be less than 64KB. The file must also
have no stack segment.

Syntax: EXE2BIN sourcefile.exe destination file.com

For example: EXE2BIN PRIME.EXE PRIME.COM This will

convert the file PRIME.EXE to file PRIME.COM.

5. FC- Compress two files or sets of files and displays the

differences between them.

Syntax: [drive 1:][path 1]filename1 Specifies the first

file or set of files to compare.
[drive2:] [path2] filename2 Specifies the second
file or set of files to compare. [Citation needed]

For example: FC FIRSTFILE TODAYFILE

6. FDISK: Manipulates hard disk partition tables. The name

derives from IBM’S habit of calling hard drives fixed disks.
When run from the command line, it displays a menu of
various partitioning operations:
1. Create DOS partition or logical DOS drive
2. Set active partition
3. Delete partition or logical DOS drive
4. Display partition information
5. Change current fixed disk drive (only available if the
computer has more than one hard drive)
FDISK /MBR installs a standard master boot record on the
hard drive.
FDISK /MBR #: where # is other partition on system.
Completes above command on indicated partition.

Syntax: C:\>FDISK

For example:
E.g.: “C\FDISK / MBR D:” would install boot record on D:\
partition.

7. FIND- A filter to find lines in the input data stream that

contain
Or don’t contain a specified string and send these to the
output data stream.
Find may also be used as a pipe.
Find “keyword” < “input filename” > “output filename”

Searches for a text string in a file or files.

Syntax: [drive:] [path] filename Specifies a file or files to

search.

If a pathname is not specified, FIND search the text typed at

the prompt or piped from another command.

For example: If user wants to search for files which has

“asd” in their name then user can FIND command with DIR
command to get desired result as:
C:\>Adir/find “asd”
The searching text must be written in quotes.
8. FORMAT- Delete all the files on the disk and reformat it
for MS-DOS
In the most cases, this should only be used on floppy drives
or other removable media.This command can potentially
erase everything on a computer’s hard disk.
/autotest and /backup are undocumented features.Both will
format the drive without a confirmation prompt.

9. LABEL- Changes the label on a logical drive, such as a

hard disk partition or a floppy disk.

Syntax: c:\>LABEL <DRIVE NAME>

For example: C\>LABEL A:

It displays and change volume label of drive A.

10. MODE- Configures system devices. Changes graphics

modes adjusts keyboard settings, prepare code pages, and
sets up port redirection. [5]

11. MORE- Pages through the output so that you can view
more than one screen of text.

Syntax: C:\>More <FILENAME>

For example: To see the contents of a file text.txt one

screen full of data at a time one can use more command as:
C:\.>MORE < TEXT>TXT>

1. MOVE- Moves files or renames directories.

Syntax: C:\>move <filename><newname>

OR
Move driveletter:\olddir driveletter:\newdir

For Example: move c:\old c:\new

13. PRINT- Adds a file in the print queue.

Syntax: C:\>PRINT <FILENAME>

For Example: To find a file text.txt to printer using this

command one can use it as:
C:\>PRINT text.txt

14. SCANDISK - Disk diagnostic utility. Scandisk was a

replacement for the chkdsk utility, starting with later
versions of MS-DOS. Its primary advantages over chkdsk
are that it is more reliable and has the ability to run a
surface scan which finds and marks bad cluster on the disk.
Chkdsk had surface scan and bad
Cluster detection functionality included, and was used again
on Windows NT based operating systems.

Syntax: C:\>SCANDISK<DRIVE NAME>

For example: If one wants to check floppy disk in drive A to
remove errors, the command can be:

15. SORT - A filter to sort lines in the input data stream and
send them to the output data stream.

Syntax: sort <input filename> output filename

16. SYS- A utility to make a volume bootable.

Syntax: C:\>SYS<DRIVE NAME>

For Example: To create a disk bootable in drive A, THE
COMMAND USED IS AS BELOW:
C:\>SYS A:

17. TREE - Shows the directory tree of the current directory.

Syntax: tree [options] [directory]
For example: To Show structure of drive A, one can use the
command tree as:
C:\>TREE A:
18. UNDELETE- Restores file previously deleted with Del.
By default all recoverable files in the working directory are
restored. The options are used to change this behavior. If
the
MS-DOS mirror TSR program is used, then deletion tracking
files are created and can be used by undelete.
For Example: To undelete all files with extension. TXT, the
command used is:
C:\>UNDELETE*. TXT

19. XCOPY- Copy entire directory trees.

Syntax: xcopy source directory [destination-directory]

For example: To copy all the files and subdirectories of DOS

directory with same names to the command directory to the
root directory of C drive, the command written is as:

C:\>COPY c:\DOS C:\COMMAND /S

20. EDIT- To create a new file or modify the contents of an

existing file. User can also create a file having long text that
cannot be done by using COPY CON command.

Syntax: C:\>EDIT FILENAME.EXTENTION

For example: Suppose if a user wants to create a new file

ARVINDER or if ARVINDER is an existing file and the user
wants to modify it, then the command will be written as
follows:
C:\>EDIT ARVINDER