TABLE OF CONTENTS

No.
1

Title

Page

STRUCTURAL SCHEME, TORQUES AND ROTATIONS FOR EACH SHAFT

1.1

Structural scheme

1.2

The torques and rotations for each shaft

GEAR CALCULUS

2.1

Predimensioning gear calculus

DIMENSIONING CALCULUS

3.1

Inputs

3.2

Results

GEAR FORCES CALCULUS

4.1

Calculus of forces

4.2

Scheme and direction of the forces

10

SHAFT CALCULUS

10

5.1

Predimensioning calculus

10

5.2

Choosing the bearing mountings for both input and output shafts

10

5.3

Checking the input shaft for compound loads

11

5.3.1 Determining the horizontal and vertical reactions in the bearings

11

5.3.2 Calculating the reactions in the bearings

12

5.3.3 Identifying the loads

12

CHOOSING AND CHECKING OF THE KEY ASSEMBLY BETWEEN THE DRIVEN

WHEEL AND THE OUTPUT SHAFT

13

CHOOSING AND CHECKING OF THE BALL-BEARING MOUNTING FOR THE INPUT

SHAFT

14

CHOOSING AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE OILING SYSTEM

15

CHOOSING THE SEALING DEVICES

16

10

CHAIN TRANSMISSION CALCULUS

16

11

JUSTIFICATION FOR THE MATERIALS USED

19

EXECUTION DRAWING
ENSEMBLE DRAWING

1. STRUCTURAL SCHEME, TORQUES AND ROTATIONS FOR EACH SHAFT

1.1 Structural scheme

Fig 1.1
1.2 The torques and rotations for each shaft
The motor's shaft:
9,55106P 9,5510618,5
M tn=
=
=59486,531987 Nmm
n
2970
The input shaft:

T I =M tni L=59486,5319871,95=115998,737374 Nmm

n 2970
nI = =
=1523,076923 rpm
i C 1,95

The output shaft:

T II =T Ii R =115998,7373744=463994,949495 Nmm
n 1523,076923
n II = I =
=380,769231 rpm
iR
4

2. GEAR CALCULUS
2.1 Predimensioning gear calculus
Table 2.1
No.

Parameter

Calculus

INPUT DATA

1.1

The rotational speed of the pinion

nI =

1.2

The torque at the pinion

T I =M tni L=59486,5321,95=115998,7374 Nmm

1.3

The gear ratio

i R=4

1.4

The imposed lifetime

L h=10000 hrs

n 2970
=
=1523,076923 rpm
i C 1,95

1.5

Functioning conditions

Actuator: Asynchronous electric motor

Load type: Medium shocks

1.6

Loading cycles

Cycle type: Pulsatory

1.7

No of loadings/cycle for the pinion

and for the wheel

1 =1 2=1

1.8

Refference rack's parameters

n =20 h an=1 cn =0,25 fn=0,38

CHOOSING THE STEELS,

TREATMENTS AND LIMIT
TENSIONS

2.1

r 1,2=790...1080 MPa [2]

021,2 =560 MPa [2]
Choosing the steel, treatments
we choose carburising steel
and durabilities for the two wheels
18MnCr11 s=30 mm [2]
Hardness :270...360 HB[2]

2.2

The limit stresses for contact and

bending

PREDIMENSIONING CALCULUS

Hlim1,2 =1500 MPa Flim1,2=500 MPa

MQ quality [3]

3.1

Number of teeth - pinion and

wheel

aw
a
=40...50 for carburising : w =45
mn
mn
=6 ...14 for carburising : =10
aw
2
2
z 1=
cos( )=45
cos (10 )
mn u dat + 1
4+ 1
z 1=17,7265418
z 2= z 1u dat =184=72

3.2

The real gear ratio

u=

3.3

The contact calculus factors

3.3.1

The elasticity factor

Z E =189,8 MPa

3.3.2

The contact zone factor

Z H =2,49 cos =2,49 cos 10 =2,47101

3.3.3

The gearing factor

Z =

3.3.4

The inclination factor

Z = cos = cos10 =0,9237

3.4

The bending factor calculus

z 2 72
= =4
z 1 18

1
1
=
=0,845

1,4

z n1,2 =

z 1,2

cos3 ( )
z1
18
z n1=
=
=18,845954
3
3
cos ( ) cos (10 )
z
72
z n2 = 32 =
=75,383816
3
cos ( ) cos (10 )

3.4.1

Equivalent wheel's teeth number

3.4.2

Normal plan profile displacement's x n1 ,2=0

u
=00,03
u dat

coefficients
3.4.3

YFa1,2 shape factor for the teeth

Y Fa 1,2=Y Fa ( z n1 ,2 , x n1,2 )
Y Fa1 =2,85 Y Fa2 =2,25

3.4.4

Tension correction factors for

teeth base

Y Sa 1,2 =Y Sa ( z n1 ,2 , x n1,2 )
Y Sa1=1,54 Y Sa2 =1,76

Y 0,25

0,75
cos 2

3.4.5

Covering degree factor

3.4.6

teeth slope factor

3.5

Load correction factors

3.5.1

Working condition factor

K A =1,6

3.5.2

Dynamic factor

K =1,05...1 ,1 K =1,05

3.5.3

Uniform repartition factors for the

teeth with load
KH - contact load
KF - bending load

K H =1,3...1 ,8 K H =1,5
K F =1,25...1 ,75 K F =1,5

3.5.4

Uniform repartition factors for

frontal load: contact, bending

K H =K F =

3.6

Allowable strengths for contact

loading

HlimZ N1
Z LZ Z RZ W Z X
S Hmin
15001
HP1 =
11111=1250 MPa
1,2
HlimZ N2
HP2 =
Z LZ Z RZ W Z X
S Hmin
15001
HP2 =
11111=1250 MPa
1,2
HP=min HP1 , HP2 =1250 MPa

3.6.1

Predimensioning calculus factors

3.6.2

Lubrication factor

Z L =1

3.6.3

Speed factor

Z =1

3.6.4

Roughness factor

Z R=1

3.6.5

Material torque factor

Z W =1

3.6.6

Size factor

Z X =1

3.6.7

Durability factors for contact loads

on the pinion and driven wheel

N L1=60n ILh 1=9,13846153108

8
N L1=60n II Lh 2=2,2846153810
Z N1 =1 Z N2=1

3.6.8

Minimum safety coefficient for

contact load

Y 0,25
Y =1

0,75
cos 2 10 =0,7696
1,4

10
=1
=0,9167
120
120

cos

1,4
=1,44351,4
2
cos 10

HP1 =

S Hmin=1,2

 Flim1Y ST Y N1
Y 1Y R1Y X1
S Fmin
50021,05
FP1 =
111=700 MPa
1,5

Y Y
FP1= Flim2 ST N2 Y 2Y R2Y X2
S Fmin
50021,1
FP1 =
111=733,333 MPa
1,5
FP1 =

3.6.9

Allowable strengths for bending

loading

Predimensioning calculus factors

Correction factor for bending

Y ST =2

Sensibility relative factor at

tension concentrator for tooth
base of pinion and wheel

Y 1,2 =1

Relative roughness factor for the

3.6.10 connection zone at tooth base of
pinion and wheel
Size factor

3.7

3.7.1

Y R1 ,2=1 for Ra 3,2

Y X =1

Resistance factors for bending

load of pinion and driven wheel

Y N1 =1,05
Y N2 =1,1

Minimum safety coefficient at

bending stress

S Fmin =1,5

PREDIMENSIONING - AXES
DISTANCE
Width coefficients

a=0,35
u+ 1
4+ 1
b=
a =
0,35=0,875
2
2

a WH =(u+ 1) 3
3.7.2

Axes distance from contact load

resistance condition

T I K AK K HK H
2

2 au HP
2

(Z EZ H Z Z )
115998,7371,61,051,51,44
a WH =(4+ 1) 3

20,35412502
3
2
(189,82,4710,8450,924) =123,100256 mm

a WF =

3.7.3

T 1z 1(u+ 1)
K AK K F K FY Y
2 acos( )

Axes distance from bending load

resistance condition

aWF = 3

Y FaY Sa
FP

115998,737185
1,61,051,51,440,770,917
20,35cos(10 )

0,00627=62,459413 mm
Y FaY Sa
Y Y
Y Y
=max ( Fa1 Sa1 , Fa2 Sa2 )=0,00627
FP
FP1
FP2
3.7.4

a w =max ( a WH , a WF )=123,100256 mm
we select a W =125 mm STAS 6055

Axes distance selection for

predimensioning

3. DIMENSIONING CALCULATION
3.1 Inputs
Table 3.1
Parameter

Symbol

Value

Inputs
Power

P, kW

18.5

Lifetime

Lh, hrs

10000

Functioning factor

KA

1,6

Type of engine

Asynchronous electric motor

Load variation

Medium shocks

Rotation at pinion

nI, rpm

1523.08

Gear ratio

udat

Helical angle

10

Center distance

aW, mm

125

Width factor

0,35
Materials

Steel

Carburised

Type

18MnCr11

Superficial hardness

HRC

>58

Inside hardness

HB

270...360

Recommended limit contact stress

MPa

1500

Limit contact stress

Hlim1,2, MPa

1500

Recommended limit bending stress

MPa

500

Limit bending stress

Flim1,2, MPa

500

Teeth numbers

z1

18

z2

72

Machining information
Profile roughness

Ra, m

>0,4

Root roughness

Ra, m

3,2

Functioning conditions

Pulsatory
Minimal safety coefficients

For contact stress

SHmin

1,2

For bending stress

SFmin

1,5

3.2 Results
Table 3.2
Parameter

Gear
Pinion

Wheeel
Gear Parameters

Center distance

aW= 125mm

Refference center distance

a= 124,26283 mm

Normal module

mn= 2,75 mm

Frontal module

mt=

Helix angle

= 10

Helix angle on the base circle

b= 9,39129

Frontal pressure angle

t= 20,28356

Gearing angle:

frontal

wt= 21,17892

normal

wn= 20,88168

Total addendum correction

coefficient, in normal plane
Contact
degree:

mm

xsn= 0,27377

frontal

= 1,52

helical

= 0,88

total

= 2,40

Speed on the pitch circle

v= 4,01 m/s

Precission

Lubricant viscosity

50= 180 cSt

Roughness:

active profile

Ra= 0,80 m

fillet (root)

Ra= 1,60 m
Pinion and wheel parameters

Addendum diameters

da1= 57,71223 mm

da2= 203,25638 mm

Deddendum diameters

df1= 45,36862 mm

df2= 190,91277 mm

Pitch diameters

d1= 50,26362 mm

d2= 198,26205 mm

Rolling circle diameters

dw1= 50,56180 mm

dw2= 199,43820 mm

Base circle diameters

db1= 47,14669 mm

db2= 185,96751 mm

Numbers of teeth

z1= 18

z2= 71

Width

b1= 42 mm

b2= 40 mm

Normal addendum correction

coefficient

xn1= 0,36

xn2= -0,08623

Frontal addendum correction

coefficient

xt1=

xt2=

Minimum normal addendum

correction coefficient

xnmin1= -0,105

xnmin2= -3,357

Tooth width on the addendum

circle, on the normal plane

San1= 1,48 mm

San2= 2,23 mm

Minimum tooth width on the

addendum circle, on the normal Sanmin1= 1,1 mm
plane

Sanmin2= 1,1 mm

Equivalent gear parameters

Numbers of teeth

zn1= 18,78

zn2= 74,07

Pitch diameters

dn1= 51,63857 mm

dn2= 203,68545 mm

Base circle diameters

dbn1= 48,52438 mm

dbn2= 191,40172 mm

Addendum diameters

dan1= 59,08718 mm

dan2= 208,67979 mm

Center distance

awn= 128,339631 mm

Contact degree

n= 1,56

Parameter

Gear
Contact

Bending
Calculus factors

Functioning factor

KA= 1,6

Dynamic factor

K= 1,00

Axial load factor

KH= 1,57

KF= 1,48

Transverse load factor

KH= 1,47

KF= 1,47

Elastic factor

ZE= 189,8

Contact factor

ZH= 2,41

Helix angle factor

Z= 0,99

Y= 0,92

Shape factor

YFa1= 2,32
YFa2= 2,27

Correction factor for bending

stress

YSa1= 1,73
YSa2= 1,73

Lubricating factor

ZL= 1,04

Speed factor

ZV= 0,98

Roughness factor

ZR= 0,97

YR= 1

Sensitive factor
Number of
cycles:

pinion

NL1= 3,3*108

wheeel

NL2= 4,6*107

Y1= 0,993
Y2= 0,987

Lifetime factors

ZN1= 1
ZN2= 1

YN1= 1
YN2= 1

Minimal safety factors

SHmin= 1,2

SFmin= 1,5
Stresses

Limit stress (chosen)

Permissible stress
Real stress
Width
coefficient:

Hlim1= 1500 MPa

Flim1= 500 MPa

Hlim2= 1500 MPa

Flim2= 500 MPa

HP1= 1234,5 MPa

FP1= 664,4 MPa

HP2= 1234,5 MPa

FP2= 660,5 MPa

H1= 1217,2 MPa

F1= 373,6 MPa

H2= 1217,2 MPa

F2= 385,5 MPa

preliminary

a= 0,35

final

arec= 0,31
Control elements

Dimension over teeth

Number of teeth for dimension
over teeth

N1= 3

N2= 9

Normal dimension over teeth

WNn1= 21,69735 mm

WNn2= 71,70059 mm

Tooth width
Normal tooth width

Scn1= 4,45074 mm

Scn2= 3,66195 mm

Frontal tooth width

Sct1= 4,44267 mm

Sct2= 3,65531 mm

Height of the normal tooth width hcn1= 2,91434 mm

hcn2= 1,83075 mm

Height of the frontal tooth width hct1= 2,90334 mm

hct2= 1,82169 mm

4.GEAR FORCES CALCULUS

4.1 Calculus of forces

the tangential forces F t1=F t2

2T 1 2115998,737
F t1,2=
=
=4588,394297 N
d w1
50,56180
the axial forces F a1= F a2
F a1 ,2=F t1,2tan( )=4588,394297tan(10 )=809,057713 N
the radial forces F r1=F r2
F
4588,394297
F r1,2 = t1,2 tan( wn )=
tan(20,88168 )=1777,460176 N
cos( )
cos(10)
4.2 Scheme and direction of the forces

Fig 4.1

5. SHAFT CALCULUS
5.1 Predimensioning calculus

theinput shaft
dI=

16T I 3 16115998,737
=
=27,00436927 mm
atI
30
atI =25...35 MPa ; we select atI =30 MPa [13]
3

the output shaft

3 16T II
3 16463994,949495
d II =
=
=36,15522937
atII
50
atII =45...55 MPa ; we select atI =50 MPa [13]

10

5.2 Choosing the bearing mountings for both input and output shafts

for the input shaft

d =d I ( 3...8)=277=20 mm
for the output shaft
d =d II ( 7...13)=3712=25 mm
Shaft

Symbol

d (mm)

D (mm)

B (mm)

Table 5.1
C0

Cr

input

6204

20

47

14

12700

6550

output

6205

25

52

15

14000

7800

5.3 Checking the input shaft for compound loads

Fig 5.1
Input shaft's length: l=73 mm (measured on the drawing)

5.3.1 Determining the horizontal and vertical reactions in the bearings

d w1
l
+ F r1 HBl =0
2
2
d
l
30,09259
73
F a1 w1 + Fr1
809,057713
+ 1777,4602
2
2
2
2
H B=
=
=1168,917857 N
l
73
d
M B =0 H Al+ F a1 2w1 F r1 2l =0
d
l
30,09259
73
F a1 w1 + F r1
809,057713
+ 1777,4602
2
2
2
2
H A=
=
=608,542319 N
l
73
d w1
l
73
50,56180
M imaxH =H A + F a1
=608,542 + 809,057713
=42665,501772 Nmm
2
2
2
2

M A=0 F a1

11

Fig 5.2

M A=0 V Bl + F t1 2 =0
V B=

F t1

l
2

4588,394297
=

73
2

99

=2294,197148 N
l

M B =0 V AlF t1 2 =0
V A=

F t1
l

l
2

4588,394297
=

73
2

99

=2294,197148 N

l
73
M imaxV =V A =2294,197148 =83738,195914 Nmm
2
2

Fig 5.3
2
2
2
2
M i= M imaxH + M imaxV = 42665,501 + 83738,1959 =93981,01136 Nmm
5.3.2 Calculating the reactions in the bearings

R B= H B+ V B = 1168,918 + 2294,197 =2574,822 N

2

R A= H 2A+ V 2A= 608,542 2+ 2294,197 2=2373,534 N

5.3.3 Identifying the loads

12

Compression:

c=

Torsion:

t1=

4F a1
2
f1

d
16T I
d

4809,057713
=0,50047 MPa
45,3692

16115998,737
=6,3264 MPa
45,369 3

3
f1

Bending:

i=

32T I
d 3f1

32115998,737
=12,6528 MPa
45,3693

l1= c + 4 t1= 0,50047 + 46,3264 =12,662694 MPa

2

6. CHOOSING AND CHECKING OF THE KEY ASSEMBLY BETWEEN

THE DRIVEN WHEEL AND THE OUTPUT SHAFT

Fig 6.1

F 4T II 1
s= =
as
A
d II
f lc
4T II
1
4463994,949495
1
l c=

=52,251684 mm
d II
ash
37
1208
l=52,251684+ 10=62,251684 mm ; we select l stas=28 mm STAS1004
l c =(l stas b)3=( 2810)3=54 mm
2T II
2463994,949495
f=
=
=46,445941 MPa as =100 MPa
l cbd II
541037

13

7. CHOOSING AND CHECKING OF THE BALL-BEARING

MOUNTING FOR THE INPUT SHAFT

Fig 7.1
We select a radial bearing mounting with balls, in X

Fig 7.2
Checking the ball-bearing mounting by the dynamic load capacity
Durability of the bearing

14

L=

60n ILh
10

601523,07692310000
=913,846154 milions of rotations
6
10

Necesary dynamic capacity

F a 809,057713
=
=0,12352 e=0,48
C0
6550
F a 809,057713
=
=0,455176< e=0,48 Y =0 X =1
F r 1777,460176
P= X V F r + Y F a=111777,460176+ 0809,057713=1777,460176
p
3
C j=P L=1777,460176 913,846154=17248,747917> C r=12700
p=3 for ballbearings
3
3
Cr
12700
L=( ) =(
) =364,7636270082
P
1777,460176
6
L10 364,763627008210 6
Lh =
=
=3991,5211711667 hrs
60n I
601523,076923
the ballbearings must be replaced every 3990 hours of functioning

for Fa / Fr e , X = 1 and Y = 0;
for Fa / Fr > e, X = 0,4 and Y is chosen from the table
Table 7.1
Fa / C0

0,025

0,04

0,065

0.12

0,17

0,5

0,4

0,42

0,44

0,48

0,5

0,56

1,42

1,36

1,27

1,16

1,11

8. CHOOSING AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE OILING SYSTEM

Oiling the gearings:
The gears from speed reducers are grease through splashing in the oil bath. For this aim in
which a gear from the gearing mechanism is introduce in the oil bath until a tooth is covered with
oil, not more than 10 mm, and without passing six time the modulus.
In case of speed reducers with more steps (when the wheels dont reach the bath), the
grease is made with a parasite gear, or with the help of some discs or splashing spoons which are
creating am oil fog.
The grease through splashing is applied on gearing mechanisms that are working
periodically, with speeds up to 15m/s. For greater peripheral speeds, the grease is done with oil
injectors. The oil pressure is about 0.1-0.8at. For greasing, mineral oils are use with the viscosity of
3-60 degrees E50^C.

15

With how much the peripheral speed is smaller, the contact pressure and the
roughness are higher, and more viscous oils are used.
On speed reducers with more gears, the oil is choused with a viscosity corresponding to the
steps that transmit the biggest torque. For the oil bath volume are considered 0.25-0.5l of oil over
a horsepower. The period of oil change is about 1000-5000 hours of functioning (for the case when
the gearing mechanism is sealed and the oil is filtrate every 2500 hours). For filtering can be used
magnetic filters. When the speed reducer is new, the oil must be changed after 200-300hours.
Oiling the ball-bearings:
The choose of lubricants for ball bearings and establishing the grease intervals, is done
considering the dimension, number of revolutions, load and work temperature of the bearing.
Generally, the liquid lubricants have more advantages then the consistent ones: higher
physical-chemical stability, can be used at high speeds and temperatures, and also at very low
temperatures, easier evacuation of heat produced in the bearing, smaller resistance sported by the
rolling bodies.
Disadvantages: difficult bearing sealing, loses through leakages in time, etc.
Grease lubrication is more advantageous because leads to: simpler bearings construction,
easy to seal, with a lower cost, better protection of the balls to external impurities, lower lubricant
looses.
Gaskets: due to high levels of revolutions trees cuffs sealing is accomplished by rotation.
9. CHOOSING THE SEALING DEVICES

Fig 9.1
dm1=drul1 - (2...3)=20-2=18 mm
dm2=drul2 - (2...3)=30-3=22 mm
we select a felt cuff A 18x30 STAS 7950/2-72 with h=7 mm for the input shaft
we select a felt cuff A 22x40 STAS 7950/2-72 with h=10 mm for the output shaft
10. CHAIN TRANSMISSION CALCULUS
Table 10.1
No.

Parameter

Calculus

INPUT DATA

1.1

Power

P=4 kW

1.2

Transmission ratio

iL=1,95

16

9,5510 P
=59486,531987 Nmm
n

1.3

Torsion moment for the chain

driving wheel

1.4

Driving wheel speed

n=2970 rpm

1.5

Working conditions

Static load, horizontal transmission, no adjustement,

periodic drip oiling, one shift working condition

KINEMATIC GEOMETRICAL ELEMENTS

2.1

Driving wheel's number of teeth

z1=28

2.2

Driven wheel's number of teeth

z2=z1*iL=28*1,95=54,6~55 < z2max=120

M tn=

p 3
2.3

Pitch

5800

=3

5800

n z 2970 28
2

=28,070915 mm

we select p1=19,05 mm (12B); p2=25,40 mm (16A);

p3=25,40 mm (16B) from STAS

p1
19,05
=
=170,143251 mm
180
180
sin(
) sin (
)
z1
28
p2
25,4
D d12 =
=
=226,857668 mm
180
180
sin(
) sin (
)
z1
28
p3
25,4
D d13 =
=
=226,857668 mm
180
180
sin(
) sin(
)
z1
28
D d11 =

2.4

Diameter of the driving wheel

p1
19,05
=
=333,690608 mm
180
180
sin(
) sin(
)
z2
55
p2
25,4
Dd22 =
=
=444,920811 mm
180
180
sin (
) sin (
)
z2
55
p3
25,4
D d23 =
=
=444,920811 mm
180
180
sin(
) sin(
)
z2
55
D d21 =

2.5

Diameter of the driven wheel

Medium speed

z 1 p1n 2819,052970
=
=26,4033 m/ s
601000
601000
z 1p 2n 2825,42970
v m2=
=
=35,2044 m/ s
601000
601000
z 1p 3n 2825,42970
v m3=
=
=35,2044 m/ s
601000
601000

2.7

Crushing area of bolt and sleeve

As1=a 1d 3=15,625,72=89,3464 mm
A s2=a 1d 3=22,617,92=179,0712 mm2
A s3=a 1d 3=25,458,28=210,726 mm2

ESTABLISHING THE OPTIMUM CHAIN TYPE

v m1=
2.6

17

3.1

Global correction coefficient

K e =K dK AK i K rK u K f
K e =1,311,251,251,51=3,047

3.1.1

Dynamic coefficient of load

K d =1,2 ...1,5 k d =1,3

3.1.2

Axes distance coefficient

K A =1

3.1.3

Centers of wheels inclination

towards the horizontal coefficient

K i=1,25

3.1.4

Stretch adjustement method

coefficient

K r=1,25

3.1.5

Oiling method coefficient

K u=1,5

3.1.6

Functioning conditions coefficient

K f =1

Admissible useful force

P a1
8
=89,3464
=234,591573 N
Ke
3,047
P a2
6
F ua2 =A s2
=179,0712
=352,632517 N
Ke
3,047
P
6
F ua3= As3 a3 =210,726
=414,968123 N
Ke
3,047
F ua1=As1

3.2

F ua1v m1 234,59157326,4033
=
=6,193 kW
1000
1000
F ua2v m2 352,63251735,2044
P ua2 =
=
=12,414 kW
1000
1000
F v
414,96812335,2044
P ua3 = ua3 m3 =
=14,608 kW
1000
1000
P ua1 =

3.3

Admissible useful power

3.4

Number of rows

P
4
=
=0,6457873
P ua1 6,193
P
4
z r2 =
=
=0,3222113
P ua2 12,414
P
4
z r3=
=
=0,2738093
P ua3 14,608

3.5

Establishing the optimum chain

variant

we select thetype withthe smallest pitch

z r =z r1=0,6457871

FINALISING THE GEOMETRICAL ELEMENTS

4.1

Preliminary axes distance

A prel =(30...50) p=4019,05=762 mm

4.2

Number of links

z 1+ z 2 2A prel
z 2z 1 2
p
W=
+
+(
)
2
p
2
A prel
2
28+ 55 2762 5528
19,05
W=
+
+(
)
=121,961
2
19,05
2
762
W =122

4.3

Length of the chain

L=W p=12219,05=2324,1 mm

z r1=

18

4.4

Recalculated axes distance

z 1+ z 2
z 1+ z 2 2
z2 z1 2
+ (W
) 8(
)]
4
2
2
2
2
2
Arec = 19,05 [122 28+ 55 + (122 28+ 55 ) 8( 5528 ) ]
4
2
2
2

Arec = p [W

Arec =828,248704 mm
A= Arec[1(0,002...0 ,004)]=828,2487(10,002715)=826 mm
5

CHAIN TRANSMISSION FORCES

5.1

The stretching force due to

chain's own weight

F q=K pq

5.1.1

Centers of wheels position

towards the horizontal coefficient

K p=6

5.1.2

Weight pe liniar meter of chain

q=mg= 3,69,81=35,316 N / m

5.2

The stretching force due to

centrifugal forces

F c =mv m=3,626,4033 =2509,683303 N

5.3

The force in the passive branch of

the chain

F 1=F q+ F c =175,0261+ 2509,6833=2684,7094 N

5.4

Useful force

F u=

5.5

The force in the active branch of

the chain

F 2=F u+ F 1=699,2523+ 2684,7094=3383,9617 N

5.6

Checking the chain at brakage

F r 86298,52
=
=25,502215> c a =7...14
F 2 3383,9617
F r=S r9,80665=88009,80665=86298,52 N

5.7

The force acting on the shafts

Q= K gF u=1,15699,252324=804,140173 N

5.8

Wheel's width

B=1(a 1+ 2)=1(15,62+ 2)=17,62 mm

A
826
=635,316
=175,026096 N
1000
1000

2M tn 259486,531987
=
=699,252324 N
D d1
170,143251

c=

11. JUSTIFICATION FOR THE MATERIALS USED

It is choosen 18MnCr11 steel hardening and tempering to achieve the shaft and gear wheel
transmission because this steel has good resistance to bending and also has a high resistance to
fatigue.
Materials used for speed reducer construction.
Materials used for gears:
Steel
It is used great steel: steel with carbon0.4-0.6 %C and steel with 0.35-0.45%C low alloyed with
Mn, Cr, Cr-Mo, Cr-Ni etc. Steel non alloyed with Cr, Cr=Mo, Cr-Ni, with cyaniding
Cast irons
Cast irons are used at gearing which has a easy working, change wheels which dosent functioning
every time.When it is asking a silent condition may be used normal iron ash.
Used material for axels execution:
Generally the axel which don t have a heat treatment are made by normally steel carbon: OL 50,

19

OL 60, Stas 500-78

For axel which a big lifting power we can use carbon steel of quality: OLC 35, OLC 45, OLC 60,
according to STAS 880-66.
In case of axel which have a strong load and are required small dimension are used steel alloyed
with crom, Cr-Ni or Cr-Mn.
Marerials used for producing the body.
The body because of the stiffness are made by cast irons or by casting steel. Most of the body are
made by cast iron with average resistance Fc 200, Fc 250.

20