Push & Pull are Forces
stretching a
spring
A force is a
push or a pull.
PUSH is an action
of moving an
object away.
opening a
can of soda
PULL is an action
of bringing an
object towards us.
opening a
door
pressing an
iron
cycling
kicking a
ball
hitting a
nail
stepping
on a scale
raising a
flag
pulling a
nail
squeezing
a sponge
poking a
hole in the
donut
dragging a
suitcase
drawing
back an
arrow on a
bow
Push &
Pull
rowing a
boat
scrubbing
the floor
wringing a
wet table
cloth
sawing a
wood
playing a
violin
playing a
yoyo
inflating a
bicycle tyre
Effects of a Force
cannot be
seen but their
effects can be
observed or
felt
A Force Changes Motion of an Object
can change
the shape of
an object
can change
the motion of
an object
a force
A lump of dough is pressed.
The dough is flattened.
An empty aluminium tin is
crushed. The tin is
crumpled.
a force changes
shape of an
object
A spring is stretched. The
spring extended.
A sugar cane is squeezed
through the rollers. The
sugar cane is flattened.
move
a stationary
object
The golfer hits the
stationary golf ball.
The golf ball starts to
move.
stop
a moving
object
The hockey player
uses his hockey stick
to stop the ball. The
hockey ball stops
moving.
change the
direction of a
moving object
The player hits at an
angle to the moving
volleyball. The
direction of the
volleyball changes.
make an object
moves slower
(decelerate an
object)
make an object
moves faster
(accelerate an
object)
An unsporting player
pulls the shirt of his
opponent. This slows
down the movement
of his opponent.
The player pushes the
skateboard with his
foot. This makes the
board move faster.
Friction in Action
Factors Affecting
Friction
friction
a type of force
(frictional force)
opposes the
motion of an
object
occurs when
two surfaces
rub against
each other
SURFACE
WEIGHT
how rough the
surface is
the weight pushing
down on the
surface
the smoother the
surface is, the
lesser is the
frictional force
the more heavier
the object is, the
greater is the
frictional force
it is easier to pull a
box on a smooth
surface than on a
rough surface
it is easier to pull a
light box than a
heavy box on the
same type of
surface
Different type of surfaces, produce different amount of friction.
Effects of Friction
palms warm when
rubbed together
heavy objects cannot be
moved easily
produces
heat
opposes
motion
the rolling marbles will
gradually slows down
and finally stops
heat produced by
friction causes sparks
an electric drill produces
a loud noise when it
touches the wall
tread of tyres worn out
after much use
causes wear
and tear
eraser gets smaller and
smaller after each use
produces
noise and
sounds
friction between the
bow and the string of
the violin poduce
sounds
Ways to Reduce Friction
using rollers
using wheels
using ball bearings
using oil, grease
or wax
Ways to Increase Friction
tread
patterns
patterns on shoe
soles and tyres
increase friction
under wet
condidtions
spikes and
studs
shoes with spikes
and studs give the
wearer a better grip
on the field
resin
resin is applied on
the bow of a violin
to increase friction
between the strings
and the bow
grooved
floor or
stairs
concrete floor that
grooved minimize
slipping
rubber
material
rubber materials
have more friction
than other
materials
keeping
surfaces dry
dry hands grip a
barbell better
exerting a
greater
force
a harder grip on
the rope increases
friction on the rope
using talcum powder
air cushion
using sand paper
aerodynamic shape
Why Friction is Necessary? Or Its Advantages
Prevents us from
slipping or skidding.
Leaves a mark on the
paper.
Makes it possible for
things to be held.
Enables vehicles to
move and stop.
When Friction is Harmful? Or Its Disadvantages
Friction caused by
air resistance
slows down
motion.
Friction between
skin and cement
floor can cause
painful scrape.
Soles of shoes
wear out due to
friction.
Produces enough heat
to ignite the match.
Makes the knife fine
and sharp.
Heat produced by
friction causes
damage to car
engine.
Creates noise
pollution.
