Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
This is sensitiveness to the external world without the meditation of
sensation.
It is a branch of parapsychology, which includes clairvoyance,
psychokinesis, precognition and telepathy.
Parapsychology
is a field of study concerned with the investigation of paranormal
and psychic phenomena.
Most scientists regard parapsychology as pseudoscience.
Parapsychology has been criticized for continuing investigation
despite not having demonstrated conclusive evidence of psychic
abilities in more than a century of research.
Clairvoyance
The term clairvoyance (from French clair meaning "clear" and
voyance meaning "vision") is used to refer to the ability to gain
information about an object, person, location or physical event
through means other than the known senses.
Clairaudience
Is a psychic ability to hear things that are beyond the range
of the ordinary power of hearing, such as voices or messages
from dead.
Precognition and Retro-cognition
If clairvoyance or clairaudience concern things in the future or the
past then these are referred as precognition and retrocognition.
Dreams have sometimes been related to Precognition and character
like Nostradamus are famous for their precognitive visions.
Retrocognition can be about recent events or distinct events
(historic events)
Retrocognition is different from past life regresision
For telepathy the source of information is another persons mind
Telepathy
The principle requirement of telepathic transmission is that the
information transfer cannot be explained by any known physical
process
Often the demonstration involves information transfer over large
distance
Unlike physical information transfer, telepathy is not subject to the
weakening of the signal the further you move away from the source
Psychokinesis
Psychokinesis (PK) is the process of using only the mind, with no
physical intervention, to manipulate physical objects.
Telekinesis
When the manipulation involves moving an object by mental effort,
it is referred to as telekinesis
Pyrokinesis
Pyrokinesis is the psychic ability to speed up of the naturally
occurring vibrations of atoms in matter to alter temperature,
possibly to the point of ignition if combustible. At low levels, one
could move a candle back and forth. At a higher level, one could put
out the flame or making it relight using only the mind. Pyrokinesis is
one of the more practiced powers like telekinesis. It could be useful
too, for warming people up or setting things a flame.
Astral Projection
is an interpretation of out-of-body experience (OBE) that assumes
the existence of an "astral body" separate from the physical body
and capable of travelling outside it
Also known as your inner eye or your all-seeing eye, your third eye
is at the point right above the middle of your brows. Your third eye
is the eye through which you can see beings or things that are not
visible to your physical eyes. It is what you use to look with when
you wish to connect to the higher or spiritual realms.
Third Eye
BIOPSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESS AND DEVELOPMENT
Transmission of Genetic Traits
Heredity
Most animals and plants reproduce sexually, the offspring arising
from the mating of male and female parents.
Organism of the same kind and the resulting offspring are also of
the same type as the parents.
However offspring are almost never exactly identical to either
parents.
There are certain hypothesis about how organism pass their traits
on their offspring.
1. Offspring of 2 parents usually resemble the parents and
each other
2. Many traits in the offspring are not exactly like those of
either parents.
George Mendel performed experiments which became the
foundation for the modern science of genetics.
He postulated hypothesis to explain the result of his experiment.
Chromosome
Genes are submicroscopic particles in chromosomes and are the primary
unit that carries of heredity.
The chemical influence of a gene is put into action directly upon the jellylike substance, called cytoplasm, which surrounds the nucleus.
The genes also determine the sex of the fertilized egg cell at the time of
conception.
If two chromosomes are identical (both X) the result is female.
If one pair is not an X but Y, the result is male.
Henceforth, all the characteristics of the new baby, the color the texture,
hair and eyes, even the shape of the fingernails have been determined.
During the prenatal development, case of monozygotic or identical twins
result.
This is the division of one ovum into 2 separate cells and develop into two
individual organism.
Since both babies came from the same sperm and egg, they share the placenta
and fetal sac, and have the same genes, they are likely to resemble each other
in sex and in all other identical attribute and characteristics
On the other hand, dizygotic or fraternal twins develop from two zygotes,
each produced by the union of separate sperm cell with separate egg cell,
develop independently, usually having separate placenta and separate
fetal sacs, have different genes, and may be different or the same sex and
may not resembles each other closely in their hereditary attributes.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
This is complex biochemical foundation in the nuclei of living cells. The
chromosomal DNA is believed to be the material out of which genes are
made.
It has been said that molecules of DNA constitutes a kind of code or
blueprint, which shape the chemical materials of the cell through the
medium of ribonucleic acid (RNA) which molecule serve as messengers
or contractors to carry out the instructions supplied by DNA
Chromosomal Abbreviations/ Chromosomal Mutations
Refers to structural and numerical deviations from the norm that affect
many genes and are responsible for various genetic malformation
The chromosome number is constant in a given species. Changes in
chromosome number are called euploidy.
On the other hand, when a single chromosome is added to or subtracted
from diploid set is called aneuploidy.
The most common type of euploidy is polyploidy, the carrying of one or
more additional sets of chromosome.
The Cell
The human body is made up of cells. It is the unit of biological structure
and function of all living things. The complex biochemical and physical
processes which allow life to continue are essentially carried out in these
minutes units which are organized into tissues.
All animal cell have at least three components: plasma membrane,
cytoplasm and nucleus.
Parts of Cell
Nucleus
is where the DNA is kept and RNA is transcribed. RNA is moved out
of the nucleus through the nuclear pores
Proteins needed inside the nucleus are transported in through the
nuclear pores
The nucleolus is usually visible as a dark spot in the nucleus, and is
the location of ribosome formation.
Ribosomes
are where RNA is translated into protein
his process is called protein synthesis
Protein synthesis is very important to cells, therefore large numbers
of ribosomes are found in cells
Ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm, and are also bound to the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
is the transport system for molecules needed for certain changes
and specific destinations, instead of molecules that float freely in
the cytoplasm.
There are two types of ER, rough and smooth. Rough ER has
ribosomes attached to it, as mentioned before, and smooth ER does
not.
Lysosome
is the digestive system in the cell
It breaks down molecules into their base components digestive
enzymes
Cell membrane
functions as a semi-permeable barrier, allowing a very few
molecules across it while fencing the majority of organically
produced chemicals inside the cell
Cytoplasm
Is the material between the plasma membrane (cell membrane) and
the nuclear envelope
Fibrous proteins that occur in the cytoplasm, referred to as the
cytoskeleton maintain the shape of the cell as well as anchoring
organelles, moving the cell and controlling internal movement of
structures.
Mitochondria
The mitochondria are the main energy source of the cell, in fact,
they are often called the "power plants" of the body because this is
where energy is created
