PHYSIOLOGICAL APPARATUS
2.2.
Old simple key-uses wood as its base
1. BATTERY
- Source of current
- Binding Posts (- & +) where connecting wires
are attached
Types of Current:
1. Direct/ Galvanic/ Constant
2. Induced/ Faradic/ Pulsating
Types of battery:
1. Dry
2. Wet
Parts:
1. Binding posts where connecting wires are attached
2. Contact metal- produces the make or break current
Make shock press
Break shock release
2.
-
SIMPLE KEY
Switch
Binding Posts (- & +) where connecting wires
are attached
Types:
2.1. New simple key-uses metal or
fibre glass as its base
3. KYMOGRAPH
-Apparatus for recording:
a) Physiological function (muscle contraction)
b) Daily Temperature changes
c) Variations in water level
Types:
3.1.
Spring driven kymograph
Smoke writing
Control: Variable Sized Fan (smaller fan= faster)
Because there is lesser air resistance to
encounter
Smokey flame: kerosene/ gum camphor
Properly smoked - is evenly and thinly covered
w/soot
Fixative used: Shellac
3.2.
Electrically driven kymograph
Preferred for long recording time anticipated
Control: Five motor control gear shift (controls the
speed)
More desirable because it runs continuously
and does not require rewinding
Does not need soot and shellac
Uses ink
b) Short/ Square Inductorium
Parts:
a) Drum
b) Shaft
c) Plunger
d) Base
e) Kymograph paper
Kymograph paper:
- The exposed portion of the paper is the glazed
portion.
- Its edges must be overlapping opposite on the
direction of its turn (counter clockwise is the direction
of the turn)
Pt. of difference
Calibration
Max. flow of current
Single Stimulus/shock
Tetanizing
series/multiple/repetit
ive shock
5.
4.
INDUCTORIUM
For controlling/ regulating the amt. of current
that flows in the circuit
BOTH possessing 5 binding posts (3 Primary &
2 secondary)
It allows experimenter to apply threshold
stimulus to the living tissues
Types:
a) Long Inductorium
Short
Inductorium
1-10
10
bp or A & B
bp A & C
Long
Inductorium
1-22
1
bp or A & C
bp A& B
ELECTRIC STIMULATOR/ ELECTRIC CONVERTER
Alternative source of current
Current can be adjusted (3V-12V)
Pre-setting to 9 NO ELETRICUTION
NEVER let both ends to touch, it can cause a
short circuit
Used in place of:
1) Battery
2) Simple key
3) Inductorium
6.
SIGNAL MAGNET
Event marker
Records the time in seconds and the type of
stimulus applied
Parts:
a) Electromagnet
b) Writing pen
c) Binding posts
Have 2 holes:
1) Before the bp where the writing pens holder
is attached
2) After the bp- where a strong thread/ wire is
attached to the gastrocrenious muscle
8.
Types:
6.1.
New Signal Magnet (for electrically driven
Kymograph)
2 binding posts at its end part
6.2.
-
7.
Old Signal Magnet (for spring driven
Kymograph)
Has 2 binding posts at the top
Demagnetized break current (writing arm will
stop)
MUSCLE LEVER
Records the contraction of the muscle
2nd circuit
muscle clamp + muscle lever = secondary
circuit
Types:
7.1.
Old Muscle Lever
After loading screw - controls the direction/
position of the writing pen
Writing pen- is made of hard parchment paper
Binding post is at the side
7.2.
MUSCLE CLAMP
Used to hold the muscle in place
Has a binding post
Muscle contracts
Muscle relaxes
9.
TUNING FORK
Records the time duration of muscle
contraction
Creates 100 vibration/second
Writing pen is attached to one of the prongs
NOT an ELECTRICAL apparatus
10. PNEUMOGRAPH and TAMBOUR
Records the changes in the size of an object
(i.e. rib cage/ thoracic cage)
a. PNEUMOGRAPH
Rubber pleated tube &
Chain/ metal chain
(Rubber tubing before the Tambour)
New Muscle Lever
Have 2 binding posts
Has no electromagnetic coil
b.
-
TAMBOUR
Bowl shallow depression inside
Rubber sheet- covers the bowl; made up of
Latex (a)
Tight fitting ring- secures the rubber sheet (b)
Types:
1.
-
Measure the Blood Pressure (110-120/ 80)
Mercurial sphygmomanometer
MOST RELIABLE
Phased out due to the mercury content (very
hard to store & dispose)
Mercury chamber/cylinder
Aspirator
Pressure cuff/ rubber cuff (ante cubital fossa)
2.
-
Aneroid sphygmomanometer
VERY SENSITIVE
Uses Dial
3.
-
Digital sphygmomanometer
Too Expensive
Unreliable
11. RUBBER MALLET/ REFLEX HAMMER
To study experiments on reflexes
To test the integrity of the spinal cord in the
lower back region
pointed end part- checking sensitivity
12. STETHOSCOPE
Ear piece
Rubber tube connector
Chest pieces
1) Shallow bell- with the depression;
detecting low frequency sounds
2) Stiff diaphragm- detects the high
frequency sounds
13. SPHYGMOMANOMETER
14. SPYROMETER
Records diff. pulmonary volume & capacity
Calibration: up to 6 L( 100mL or 0.1L)
Recording in mL
Drum- placed inverted position in water
Assesses lung function
